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Jean-Marie Brulard
Jean-Marie Joseph Armand Brulard (1856-1923) was a French ''Général de Division'' who participated in World War I. He spent an extensive part of his military career in Tunisia, Tonkin, Algeria, Madagascar, Morocco and the Dardanelles. He was once told by a superior that: "''Son nom est un drapeau.''" ("His name is a flag"). He was also known for being a recipient of the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour. Biography Brulard was born on March 1, 1856, at Besançon, Doubs. After graduating from the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr as a Lieutenant, he was assigned to the , he was Captain of the 1st Foreign Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel of the 4th Tunisian Tirailleurs Regiment and a Colonel of the 2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment. After being promoted to Brigadier General in 1912, he went on a business trip to Morocco to reorganize the army there. Just after the French entry into World War I, on September 19, 1914, he was given command of the 2nd Infantry Division. He was prom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Besançon
Besançon (, , , ; archaic german: Bisanz; la, Vesontio) is the prefecture of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzerland. Capital of the historic and cultural region of Franche-Comté, Besançon is home to the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté regional council headquarters, and is an important administrative centre in the region. It is also the seat of one of the fifteen French ecclesiastical provinces and one of the two divisions of the French Army. In 2019 the city had a population of 117,912, in a metropolitan area of 280,701, the second in the region in terms of population. Established in a meander of the river Doubs, the city was already important during the Gallo-Roman era under the name of ''Vesontio'', capital of the Sequani. Its geography and specific history turned it into a military stronghold, a garrison city, a political centre, and a religious c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Madagascar
The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (french: Colonie de Madagascar et dépendances) was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between 1897 and 1958 in what is now Madagascar. The colony was formerly a protectorate of France known as Malagasy Protectorate. The protectorate became a colony, following Queen Ranavalona III's exile to island of Réunion. In 1958, the colonial administration in Madagascar was abolished, and it became autonomous territory of the French Community as the Malagasy Republic, which existed until 1975. History Background and French protectorate The United Kingdom had been an ally of Madagascar. In May 1862, John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, Britain's foreign secretary instructed Connolly Pakenham that Radama II should keep the country away from foreign powers. In 1882, the French started to occupy much of Madagascar's northern and western territories. In 1883, the Franco-Hova Wars commenced between France and Merina Kingdom, the war r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East through the 1920s and 1930s.{{cite book, last=Mawdsley, first=Evan, title=The Russian Civil War, location=New York, publisher=Pegasus Books, year=2007, isbn=9781681770093, url=https://archive.org/details/russiancivilwar00evan, url-access=registration{{rp, 3,230(5 years, 7 months and 9 days) {{Collapsible list , bullets = yes , title = Peace treaties , Treaty of Brest-LitovskSigned 3 March 1918({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=11, day1=7, year1=1917, month2=3, day2=3, year2=1918) , Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)Signed 2 February 1920({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=11, day1=7, year1=1917, month2=2, day2=2, year2=1920) , Soviet–Lithuanian Peace TreatySigned 12 July 1920({{Age in years, months, weeks and da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laval, Mayenne
Laval () is a town in western France, about west-southwest of Paris, and the capital of the Mayenne department. Its inhabitants are called ''Lavallois''. The commune of Laval proper, without the metropolitan area, is the 7th most populous in the Pays de la Loire region and the 132nd in France.Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017 INSEE A part of the traditional of |
131st Infantry Division (France)
The 131st Infantry Division (German: ''131. Infanteriedivision'') was a German Army infantry division in World War II. Operational history The 131st Infantry Division was activated in October 1940, primarily out of other divisions - it included soldiers from the 31st and 269th Infantry Divisions, and cavalry from the 19th. The division participated in Operation Barbarossa and fought during the entire war on the Eastern Front. In January 1945, the division was driven into the so-called Heiligenbeil Pocket, were it was destroyed in March 1945. Order of battle *431st Infantry Regiment *432nd Infantry Regiment *434th Infantry Regiment *131st Reconnaissance Battalion *131st Tank-destroyer Battalion *131st Engineer Battalion *131st Signal Battalion *131st Divisional-Resupply Troops Commanders *''Lieutenant General'' Heinrich Meyer-Buerdorf __NOTOC__ Heinrich Meyer-Buerdorf (13 December 1888 – 1 May 1971) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who comma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
157th Infantry Division (France)
157th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the French Army during the First World War. One source says it was known as the ''Red Hand Division'' from a device on its Color. Commanders * 28/04/1915 - 15/09/1915: General Gillain * . * 23/12/1915 - : General Blazer * 23/05/1916: General Brulard * 28/01/1917: General Beaudemoulin * 04/05/1918 - Dissolution: General Goybet Order of battle First World War * 213th Infantry Regiment from March to November 1916 * 214th Infantry Regiment from March 1917 to June 1918 (dissolution) * 252nd Infantry Regiment from March 1917 to June 1918 (dissolution) * 333rd Infantry Regiment from March 1917 to 20th december 1918 * 401st Infantry Regiment from April 1915 to August 1916 * 402nd Infantry Regiment from April 1915 to August 1916 * 32nd Alpine Hunters Battalion from April 1915 to August 1916 * 102nd Alpine Hunters Battalion from April 1915 to March 1916 * 107th Battalion of Alpine Hunters from April 1915 to Augus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2nd Infantry Division (France)
The French Infantry Division (french: 2e Division d'Infanterie, 2e DI) was one of the oldest divisions of the French army. Heads of the Infantry Division * 22 March 1815: Division General Donzelot * . * 1870: General Martineau des Chenez * . * 18 October 1873: General Bellecourt * 18 November 1878 – 10 January 1880: General Blot * . * 28 February 1880 – 14 September 1880: General de Courcy * 11 November 1880: General Vilmette * 11 January 1882: General Bardin * 17 July 1887 – 24 February 1891: General Mathelin * . * 4 April 1891 – 4 November 1891: General Swiney * 11 November 1891 – 9 January 1892: General Peting de Vaulgrenant * . * 24 May 1894 – 26 October 1899: General Strohl * 28 October 1899 – 11 May 1905: General de Germiny * . * 17 June 1905: General Bertrand * 30 September 1905: General de Chomer * 25 March 1906: General Durand * 20 July 1907 – 31 May 1908: General de Chomer * . * 17 June 1908 – 18 July 1911: General Cramezel de Kerh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Entry Into World War I
France entered World War I when Germany declared war on 3 August 1914. World War I largely arose from a conflict between two alliances: the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Britain). France had had a military alliance with Russia since 1894, designed primarily to neutralize the German threat to both countries. Germany had a military alliance with . In June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated. The government of Austria-Hungary decided to destroy Serbia once and for all for stirring up trouble among ethnic Slavs. Germany secretly gave Austria-Hungary a blank check, promising to support it militarily no matter what it decided. Both countries wanted a localized war, Austria-Hungary versus Serbia. Russia decided to intervene to protect Serbia due to its interest in the Balkan region and its desire to gain an advantage over Austria-Hungary. The Tsar had the support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment (France)
The 2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment (french: 2e Régiment Étranger d'Infanterie, 2e REI) is an infantry regiment of the Foreign Legion in the French Army. The regiment is one of two mechanized infantry regiments of the 6th Light Armoured Brigade. Since the regiment's arrival from Bonifacio in 1983, it has been stationed at Quartier Colonel de Chabrières; named in honor of Colonel de Chabrières who was shot in the chest while leading a charge of the regiment. Quartier Colonel Chabrières is situated in Nimes, a historical Roman city, in the south of France. An armored infantry regiment, equipment includes more than 135 Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé (VAB) and Véhicule Blindé Léger (VBL), to provide armoured protection of personnel during combat. The regiment also has the Véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie (VBCI). The Regiment has responsibility for field testing new equipment for the French Army as a whole. The regiment benefits from a long tradition of conflicts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Tunisian Tirailleurs Regiment
The 4th Tunisian Tirailleurs Regiment (french: 4e Régiment de Tirailleurs Tunisiens, 4e RTT ) was an infantry regiment of the Army of Africa, part of the French Army. Active between 1884 and 1956, the regiment was one of the most decorated of the French Army. The regiment had a distinguished record during World War I, being cited six times. It was decorated with the Légion d'honneur during World War II, as part of the 3rd Algerian Infantry Division (3e DIA). During the Italian campaign, it served with the French Expeditionary Corps under General Alphonse Juin, and was cited four times at the orders of the armed forces. History From their establishment, the Algerian and Tunisian tirailleurs regiments were given sequential numbering (1st Tirailleurs, 2nd etc.). This possibly reflected the fact that the areas of recruitment had formerly been part of territories under Ottoman guardianship administered by the Dey of Algiers and the Bey of Tunis. Frequently these regiments dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Foreign Regiment (France)
The 1st Foreign Regiment (french: 1er Régiment étranger, 1er RE) and the 2nd Foreign infantry Regiment are the original and most senior founding regiments of the Foreign Legion in the French Army. The regiment is also responsible for running special institutions of the Legion. These include the magazine ''Képi Blanc'', the Legion's Athletics Team (ATHLEG), the Legion Military Band, the Legion Museum and numerous other Legion initiatives. The 1st Foreign Regiment is a Foreign Legion Command depot regiment. The regiment and all regiments of the Foreign Legion, differentiate, that their Legion Majors, Legion Adjudant Chefs and Legion Adjudants, form both a French and non-French (Foreign) elite composition. History Royal Foreign Legion Under the first restoration, the Bourbons would only retain the Swiss, in souvenir to their loyal service rendered to France during four centuries, and with them also, four foreign regiments out of which one colonial, formed of Spanish and P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legion Of Honour
The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte, it has been retained (with occasional slight alterations) by all later French governments and regimes. The order's motto is ' ("Honour and Fatherland"); its Seat (legal entity), seat is the Palais de la Légion d'Honneur next to the Musée d'Orsay, on the left bank of the Seine in Paris. The order is divided into five degrees of increasing distinction: ' (Knight), ' (Officer), ' (Commander (order), Commander), ' (Grand Officer) and ' (Grand Cross). History Consulate During the French Revolution, all of the French Order of chivalry, orders of chivalry were abolished and replaced with Weapons of Honour. It was the wish of Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte, the French Consulate, First Consul, to create a reward to commend c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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