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Jailbirds Of Kerensky
Jailbirds of Kerensky (russian: Птенцы Керенского, Ptentsy Kerenskogo) was the informal term used during the Russian Revolution for people who were released from Russian jails on amnesty. A total of three amnesties were enacted by Russian Minister of Justice Alexander Kerensky in 1917. According to some historians, about 90,000 political prisoners were released along with an unknown number of non-political prisoners. When Kerensky was appointed a minister of Justice in the newly established Russian Provisional Government, on Russian Ministry of Justice abolished special civil courts, Okhranka (Russian secret police), and the Russian Gendarmerie. On the Kerensky's ministry issued an order of political amnesty. Following that on there was announced military amnesty and after three days the Ministry of Justice issued a ruling "On the relief of the fate of persons who have committed criminal offenses" (russian: Об облегчении участи лиц, совер ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government following two successive revolutions and a bloody civil war. The Russian Revolution can also be seen as the precursor for the other European revolutions that occurred during or in the aftermath of WWI, such as the German Revolution of 1918–1919, German Revolution of 1918. The Russian Revolution was inaugurated with the February Revolution in 1917. This first revolt focused in and around the then-capital Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg). After major military losses during the war, the Russian Army had begun to mutiny. Army leaders and high ranking officials were convinced that if Nicholas II of Russia, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, the domestic unrest would subside. Nicholas agreed and stepped down, usher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Kerensky
Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky, ; Reforms of Russian orthography, original spelling: ( – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who led the Russian Provisional Government and the short-lived Russian Republic for three months from late July to early November 1917. After the February Revolution, February Revolution of 1917, he joined the newly formed provisional government, first as Justice ministry, Minister of Justice, then as Minister of War, and after July as the government's List of heads of government of Russia#Russian Provisional Republic, second Prime Minister of Russia, Minister-Chairman. He was the leader of the Social democracy, social-democratic Trudoviks, Trudovik faction of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Kerensky was also a vice-chairman of the Petrograd Soviet, a position that held a sizable amount of power. Kerensky became the prime minister of the Provisional Government, and his tenure was consumed with World War I. Despite mass opposition t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Provisional Government
The Russian Provisional Government ( rus, Временное правительство России, Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of the Russian Republic, announced two days before and established immediately after the abdication of Nicholas II. The intention of the provisional government was the organization of elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and its convention. The provisional government, led first by Prince Georgy Lvov and then by Alexander Kerensky, lasted approximately eight months, and ceased to exist when the Bolsheviks gained power in the October Revolution in October N.S.">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="ovember, Old Style and New Style dates">N.S.1917. According to Harold Whitmore Williams, the history of the eight months during which Russia was ruled by the Provisional Government was the history of the steady and systematic disorganization of the army. For most of the life of the Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okhranka
The Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order (russian: Отделение по охранению общественной безопасности и порядка), usually called Guard Department ( rus, Охранное отделение, tr= okhrannoye otdelenie) and commonly abbreviated in modern English sources as Okhrana ( rus , Охрана, p=ɐˈxranə, a=Ru-охрана.ogg, t= the guard) was a secret-police force of the Russian Empire and part of the police department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in the late 19th century and early 20th century, aided by the Special Corps of Gendarmes. Overview Formed to combat political terrorism and left-wing revolutionary activity, the Okhrana operated offices throughout the Russian Empire, as well as satellite agencies in a number of foreign countries. It concentrated on monitoring the activities of Russian revolutionaries abroad, including in Paris, where the Okhrana agent Pyotr Rachkovsky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret Police
Secret police (or political police) are intelligence, security or police agencies that engage in covert operations against a government's political, religious, or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. They protect the political power of a dictator or regime and often operate outside the law to repress dissidents and weaken political opposition, frequently using violence. History Africa Uganda In Uganda, the State Research Bureau (SRB) was a secret police organisation for President Idi Amin. The Bureau tortured many Ugandans, operating on behalf of a regime responsible for more than five hundred thousand violent deaths. The SRB attempted to infiltrate every area of Ugandan life. Asia China In East Asia, the ''jinyiwei'' (Embroidered Uniform Guard) of the Ming Dynasty was founded in the 1360s by the Hongwu Emperor and served as the dynasty's secret police until the collapse of Ming ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Gendarmerie
The Separate Corps of Gendarmes (russian: Отдельный корпус жандармов) was the uniformed security police of the Imperial Russian Army in the Russian Empire during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its main responsibilities were law enforcement and state security. The responsibilities of the Gendarmes also included the execution of court orders, pursuit of fugitives, riot control, and detainment of "unusual" criminals. Gendarmes could also be assigned to assist local police and officials. Establishment The precursors of the Corps were the Imperial Army Gendarmerie regiment (formed in 1815 and based on the Borisoglebsk Dragoon Regiment) and Gendarmerie units of the Separate Corps of the Internal Guards (raised 1811). Following the 1825 Decembrist revolt, the new Russian Emperor, Nicholas I, established the office of the Chief of Gendarmes in July 1826 and appointed General Count Alexander Benkendorf to it; all of the gendarmes were subordinate to the Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (bolsheviks)
"Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first)Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper = ''Pravda'' , position = Far-left , international = , religion = State Atheism , predecessor = Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP , successor = UCP–CPSU , youth_wing = Little Octobrists Komsomol , wing1 = Young Pioneers , wing1_title = Pioneer wing , affiliation1_title = , affiliation1 = Bloc of Communists and Non-Partisans (1936–1991) , membership = 19,487,822 (early 1989 ) , ideology = , colours = Red , country = the Soviet Union The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),; abbreviated in Russian as or also known by various other names during its history, was the founding and ruling party of the Soviet Union. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Guards (Russia)
, war=The Russian Revolution of 1917 and Russian Civil War , image= , caption= Red flags were used by guards in several modifications and variations , active=1917–1918(became core units of the Red Army) , ideology=Communism , position=Far-left , leaders= RSDLP(b) and Soviets , clans= , headquarters=Every major city , area=Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and Russian Republic , size= , partof=Red Army (since January 1918) , predecessor= , allies= several communist states , opponents= Russian Provisional Government White Movement Entente Pro-independence movements in Russian Civil War , battles=October RevolutionRussian Civil War Red Guards (russian: Красная гвардия) were paramilitary volunteer formations consisting mainly of factory workers, peasants, cossacks and partially of soldiers and sailors for "protection of the soviet power". Red Guards were a transitional military force of the collapsing Imperial Russian Army and the base formations of Bolsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pravda
''Pravda'' ( rus, Правда, p=ˈpravdə, a=Ru-правда.ogg, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the country with a newspaper circulation, circulation of 11 million. The newspaper began publication on 5 May 1912 in the Russian Empire, but was already extant abroad in January 1911. It emerged as a leading newspaper of the Soviet Union after the October Revolution. The newspaper was an organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Central Committee of the CPSU between 1912 and 1991. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union ''Pravda'' was sold off by President of Russia, Russian President Boris Yeltsin to a Greek business family in 1996, and the paper came under the control of their private company Pravda International. In 1996, there was an internal dispute between the owners of Pravda International and some of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1917 In Russia
Events from the year 1917 in Russia. Incumbents * Monarch – Nicholas II (until March 15), monarchy abolished * Chairman of Russian Provisional Government – Georgy Lvov (March 15–July 21); Alexander Kerensky (July 21–November 7) * Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR – Vladimir Lenin (after November 7) Events * * * * * * * * * March 8 ** (N.S.) (February 23, O.S.) – The February Revolution begins: Women calling for bread in Petrograd create riots, which spread throughout the city. * March 12 – The Duma declares a Provisional Government. * March 15 (N.S.) (March 2, O.S.) – Emperor Nicholas II of Russia abdicates his and his son's claims. This is considered to be the end of the Russian Empire. * March 17 (N.S.) (March 4, O.S.) – Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia refuses the throne, and power passes to the Provisional Government under Prince Georgy Lvov. * March 25 – The Georgian Orthodox C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clemency
A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the jurisdiction. Pardons can be granted in many countries when individuals are deemed to have demonstrated that they have "paid their debt to society", or are otherwise considered to be deserving of them. In some jurisdictions of some nations, accepting a pardon may ''implicitly'' constitute an admission of guilt; the offer is refused in some cases. Cases of wrongful conviction are in recent times more often dealt with by appeal rather than by pardon; however, a pardon is sometimes offered when innocence is undisputed in order to avoid the costs that are associated with a retrial. Clemency plays a critical role when capital punishment exists in a jurisdiction. Pardons are sometimes seen as a mechanism for combating corruption, allowing a parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime In Russia
Crime in Russia refers to the multivalent issues of organized crime, extensive political and police corruption, and all aspects of criminality at play in Russia. Violent crime has been on a decline in Russia. Violent crime in Siberia is much more apparent than in Western Russia. Crime by type Murder In 2016, the murder rate in Russia was 7 per 100,000 people, according to Rosstat (the Russian Federal State Statistics Service). According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the homicide rate was 7.3 in 2020 compared to 10.9 in 2016, a significant decrease over the previous 20 years (in 2000, the homicide rate was 28.1), and only slightly higher than the United States (6.3). In 2017, Moscow recorded the lowest crime rate in over a decade. At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia had a higher homicide rate – nearly ten per 100,000 people per year. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the rate remained stable and it was lower than in the United States. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
