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Joseph Ibn Tzaddik
Rabbi Joseph ben Jacob ibn Tzaddik (died 1149) was a Spanish rabbi, poet, and philosopher. A Talmudist of high repute, he was appointed in 1138 dayyan at Cordova, which office he held conjointly with Maimon, father of Maimonides, until his death. Joseph was also a highly gifted poet, as is attested by Alharizi. Saul Isaac Kämpf, ''Nichtandalusische Poesie'', i. 13. Several of Joseph's religious poems are found in the Sephardic and African machzorim; and a poem addressed to Judah ha-Levi, on his visit to Cordova en route to Palestine, is included in the latter's diwan. Microcosmus Joseph's reputation rests, however, not on his rabbinical knowledge or his poetical abilities, but on his activity in the field of religious philosophy. In a short treatise written in Arabic (the title being probably ''Al-'Alam al-Saghir'') and, according to Moritz Steinschneider, translated by Nahum ha-Ma'arabi into Hebrew under the title ''Olam Katan'', he expounds his views on the most importan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbi
A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as '' semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of the rabbi developed in the Pharisaic (167 BCE–73 CE) and Talmudic (70–640 CE) eras, when learned teachers assembled to codify Judaism's written and oral laws. The title "rabbi" was first used in the first century CE. In more recent centuries, the duties of a rabbi became increasingly influenced by the duties of the Protestant Christian minister, hence the title " pulpit rabbis", and in 19th-century Germany and the United States rabbinic activities including sermons, pastoral counseling, and representing the community to the outside, all increased in importance. Within the various Jewish denominations, there are different requirements for rabbinic ordination, and differences in opinion regarding who is recognized as a rabbi. For ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahya Ibn Paquda
Bahya ben Joseph ibn Paquda (also: Pakuda, Bakuda, Hebrew: , ar, بهية بن فاقودا), c. 1050–1120, was a Jewish philosopher and rabbi who lived at Zaragoza, Al-Andalus (now Spain). He was one of two people now known as Rabbeinu Behaye, the other being Bible commentator Bahya ben Asher. Life and works He was the author of the first Jewish system of ethics, written in Arabic around 1080Diana Lobel, ''A Sufi-Jewish Dialogue: Philosophy and Mysticism in Bahya ibn Paquda's "Duties of the Heart"'', Introduction, text: "The Hidāya was written in Judeo-Arabic around 1080." under the title ''Al Hidayah ila Faraid al-Qulub'', ''Guide to the Duties of the Heart'', and translated into Hebrew by Judah ibn Tibbon in the years 1161-80 under the title ''Chovot HaLevavot'', ''The Duties of the Heart''. Little is known of his life except that he bore the title of ''dayan'', judge at the rabbinical court. Bahya was thoroughly familiar with the Jewish rabbinic literature, as well as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herschell Filipowski
Herschell E. Filipowski (1816 – 12 June 1872), also known as Tzvi Hirsh Filipowski (, ), was a Lithuanian-born British Jewish Hebraist, editor, mathematician, linguist and actuary. Biography Early life Herschell Filipowski was born in Virbalen, Russian Empire (today part of Lithuania) in 1816. He showed great aptitude for the study of mathematics and languages at an early age, and was fortunate in finding a Polish schoolmaster who secretly aided him in acquiring the rudiments of a modern education. Besides his native Yiddish, Filipowski became conversant in Polish, Russian, Latin, Hebrew, Arabic, English, Spanish, French, German, and Chinese, and at age 15 he published ''An Almanac for One Hundred Years'' in both Polish and Russian. In 1839 he emigrated to England, and received an appointments as Teacher of Hebrew and Oriental languages at the Jews' College and the West Metropolitan Jewish School. His first published work was ''Mo'ed Mo'adim'' on the Jewish, Karaite, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zacuto
Abraham Zacuto ( he, , translit=Avraham ben Shmuel Zacut, pt, Abraão ben Samuel Zacuto; 12 August 1452 – ) was a Castilian astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, rabbi and historian who served as Royal Astronomer to King John II of Portugal. His astrolabe of copper, his astronomical tables and maritime charts played an important role in the Spanish and Portuguese navigation capability. They were used by Vasco Da Gama and Christopher Columbus. The crater Zagut on the Moon is named after him. Life Zacuto was born in Salamanca, Castile in 1452. He may have studied and taught astronomy at the University of Salamanca. He later taught astronomy at the universities of Zaragoza and then Carthage. He was well versed in Jewish Law, and was the rabbi of his community. With the Catholic Monarchs of Spain issuing the 1492 Alhambra Decree ordering the expulsion of the Jews, Zacuto took refuge in Lisbon, Portugal. Already famous in academic circles, he was invited to court and nomin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Ibn Daud
Abraham ibn Daud ( he, אַבְרָהָם בֵּן דָּוִד הַלֵּוִי אִבְּן דָּאוּד; ar, ابراهيم بن داود) was a Spanish-Jewish astronomer, historian, and philosopher; born at Córdoba, Spain about 1110; died in Toledo, Spain, according to common report, a martyr about 1180. He is sometimes known by the abbreviation Rabad I or Ravad I. His mother belonged to a family famed for its learning. Some scholars believe he is the Arabic-into-Latin translator known as “Avendauth.” Works His chronicle, a work written in Hebrew in 1161 under the title of ''Sefer ha-Qabbalah'' (; some manuscripts give the title as ''Seder ha-Qabbalah'', i.e. the "Order of Tradition"), in which he fiercely attacked the contentions of Karaism and justified Rabbinic Judaism by the establishment of a chain of traditions from Moses to his own time, is replete with valuable general information, especially relating to the time of the Geonim and to the history of the Jews ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Jellinek
Adolf Jellinek ( he, אהרן ילינק ''Aharon Jelinek''; 26 June 1821 in Drslavice, Moravia – 28 December 1893 in Vienna) was an Austrian rabbi and scholar. After filling clerical posts in Leipzig (1845–1856), he became a preacher at the Leopoldstädter Tempel in Vienna in 1856. Footnotes: ''Jewish Encyclopedia,'' vii. 92-94. For a character sketch of Adolf Jellinek see S. Singer, ''Lectures and Addresses'' (1908), pp. 88–93; Kohut, ''Berühmte israelitische Männer und Frauen.'' Life and work He was associated with the promoters of the Wissenschaft des Judentums, and wrote on the history of the Kabbalah in the tradition of Western scholarship. Jellinek is also known for his work in German on Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia, one of the earliest students of Kabbalah who was born in Spain in 1240. Jellinek's bibliographies (each bearing the Hebrew title ''Qontres'') were useful compilations, but his most important work lay in three other directions: midrashic, psychol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Ibn Latif
Isaac ibn Latif (c. 1210-1280) was a Jewish philosopher, who lived most of his life in Toledo. In 1238 he published his first work, a treatise named ''sha'ar ha-shama'yim'' ("heaven's gate"), a commentary on Koheles (Ecclesiastes). Artscroll's ''Koheles'' cites from his work. Other works Other works by ''ibn Latif'' include * ''Iggeret ha-Teshuvah'' and * ''Tsurat ha-Olam'' (published 1260; printed 1860 in Vienna). The earliest printing of his Sefer Rov Po'a'lim ספר פעלים, was in 1885. Family His father's name was Abraham (אברהם) ; he had a son named Moses (משה). References * Shoey Raz: ''Latif, Isaac b. Abraham ibn''. In: ''Encyclopaedia Judaica The ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'' is a 22-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people, Judaism, and Israel. It covers diverse areas of the Jewish world and civilization, including Jewish history of all eras, culture, holidays, langua ...'', 2. edition, Vol. 12, Detroit 2007, pp. 506–507online * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meir Ibn Aldabi
Meir ibn Aldabi () was a 14th-century Jewish writer. He was the son of Isaac Aldabi, grandson of Asher ben Jehiel, and a descendant of the exiles from Jerusalem. His name (erroneously spelled Albadi, Albalidi, Alrabi, and Altabi) is ascertained from his chief work, ''Shebile Emunah'', wherein a poem is found in which every line begins with a letter of his name, and there it reads "Aldabi." Biography In the preface to his book occurs the expression, "of the exiles of Jerusalem." This, together with Aldabi's statement that he was exiled from his country (Andalusia), caused Graetz to assume that Meir ibn Aldabi was banished to Jerusalem. Graetz failed to take into account Aldabi's words, "He odled me into a waste land," which he would not have used in reference to Jerusalem. Aldabi belonged to the class of popular writers who, possessing extensive theological and scientific knowledge, commented upon the assertions of their predecessors with a clear understanding, expressing here a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jedaiah Bedersi
Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi (c. 1270 – c. 1340) ( he, ) was a Jewish poet, physician, and philosopher; born at Béziers (hence his surname Bedersi). His Occitan name was En Bonet, which probably corresponds to the Hebrew name Tobiah;compare ''Oheb Nashim'' in the ''Zunz Jubelschrift,'' Hebrew part, p. 1) and, according to the practices of Hachmei Provence, he occasionally joined to his name that of his father, Abraham Bedersi. In his poems he assumed the appellation "Penini" (, "Dispenser of Pearls"), and because of this appellation the ethical work ''Mibḥar haPeninim'' of Solomon ibn Gabirol has been erroneously ascribed to Bedersi. Early life Bedersi was a precocious child. He was scarcely fifteen years old when he published his work ''Baḳḳashat ha-Memin'' (The Mem Prayer), a hymn of 1000 words, each of which begins with the letter mem (translated into Latin and German). Bedersi's father, very much pleased with those evidences of his child's precocity, expresse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Kimchi
''Cervera Bible'', David Qimhi's Grammar Treatise David Kimhi ( he, ר׳ דָּוִד קִמְחִי, also Kimchi or Qimḥi) (1160–1235), also known by the Hebrew acronym as the RaDaK () (Rabbi David Kimhi), was a medieval rabbi, biblical commentator, philosopher, and grammarian. Early life Kimhi was born in Narbonne, a city in southern France in the Occitania region, the youngest son of Rabbi Joseph Kimhi and the brother of Rabbi Moses Kimhi, both also biblical commentators and grammarians. Kimhi was raised by his older brother Moses following the untimely death of their father. Later, he supported himself by teaching Talmud to the young. He was well versed in the whole range of Hebrew literature, and became the most illustrious representative of his name. Works of the Kimhi family were underwritten by the Ibn Yahya family of Lisbon, Portugal. Rabbinic career and scholarship Kimhi saw himself primarily as a compiler and summarizer. As a noted Hebrew grammarian, his book ''Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Ibn Tibbon
Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon ( 1150 – c. 1230), more commonly known as Samuel ibn Tibbon ( he, שמואל בן יהודה אבן תבון, ar, ابن تبّون), was a Jewish philosopher and doctor who lived and worked in Provence, later part of France. He was born about 1150 in Lunel (Languedoc), and died about 1230 in Marseilles. He is best known for his translations of Jewish rabbinic literature from Arabic to Hebrew. Biography He received a Jewish education in rabbinic literature from his father Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon. Other teachers in Lunel taught him about medicine, Arabic and the secular knowledge of his age. Samuel ibn Tibbon married and had children, including a son, Moses ibn Tibbon, who also translated works from Arabic to Hebrew. Later in his life, he lived in several cities of southern France (1199 in Béziers, and 1204 in Arles). He traveled to Barcelona, Toledo, and Alexandria (1210–1213). Finally he settled in Marseilles. After his death, his body was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mu'tazili
Muʿtazila ( ar, المعتزلة ', English: "Those Who Withdraw, or Stand Apart", and who called themselves ''Ahl al-ʿAdl wa al-Tawḥīd'', English: "Party of ivineJustice and Oneness f God); was an Islamic group that appeared in early Islamic history and were known for their neutrality in the dispute between Alī and his opponents after the death of the third caliph, Uthman. By the 10th century CE the term had also come to refer to an Islamic school of speculative theology (kalām) that flourished in Basra and Baghdad (8th–10th century).Mutazilah ", ''''. The later Mu'tazila school developed an |
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