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John Stewart, 1st Earl Of Traquair
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Traquair (died 27 March 1659) was a Scottish statesman who was created Baron Stewart of Traquair in 1628 and Earl of Traquair in 1633. Life He was the son of John Stewart, the Younger, of Traquair in Peeblesshire, of a branch, originally illegitimate, of the house of Buchan. His mother was Margaret Stewart, a daughter of Andrew, Master of Ochiltree, and Margaret Stewart. She was a lady-in-waiting in the household of Anne of Denmark. He was appointed Treasurer-depute of Scotland and an Extraordinary Lord of Session in 1630. In February 1633 Traquair visited building and repair works at Linlithgow Palace, Dunfermline Palace, and Stirling Castle. In 1633 Charles I was crowned in Edinburgh, and Traquair was involved in repairing the Scottish crown jewels and the royal wardrobe. Traquair is said to have given the casting vote against John Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Balmerino at his trial in 1634, but afterwards obtained his pardon. From 1636 to 1641 he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl Of Traquair
Earl of Traquair (pronounced "Tra-''quare''") was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created on 23 June 1633 for John Stewart, Lord Stewart of Traquair. The family seat was Traquair House. Stewart had been created Lord Stewart of Traquair in 1628, and was made Lord Linton and Caberston at the same time as he was given the earldom in 1633. These titles were also in the Peerage of Scotland. The titles became extinct or dormant on the death of the 8th Earl of Traquair, Charles Stewart (b. 1781), 2 August 1861. Earls of Traquair (1633-1861) *John Stewart, 1st Earl of Traquair (~1600–1659) *John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Traquair (1624–1666) *William Stewart, 3rd Earl of Traquair (1657–1673) (succeeded by his brother) *Charles Stewart, 4th Earl of Traquair (1659–1741); m. Lady Mary Maxwell. 17 children (born between 1695 and 1711) all of whom survived to adulthood. *Charles Stewart, 5th Earl of Traquair (1697–1764) (succeeded by his brother); imprisoned after the Jaco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Balmerino
John Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Balmerino (died 28 February 1649) was a Scottish aristocrat, convicted in a celebrated trial of the 1630s which became a crux of the religious issue of the time. Early life He was the son of James, 1st Lord Balmerino, by his first wife, Sarah, daughter of Sir John Menteith of Carse. His father being under attainder when he died in 1613, the title did not devolve to him, but he was restored to blood and peerage by a letter under the great seal, 4 August 1613. :s:Elphinstone, John, second Lord Balmerino (DNB00) In 1643 he bought a magnificent mansion house in Leith which had been built in 1631. Guests in the house included Charles II in 1650. This survived until the 1950s when it sadly evaded the survey by the City Architect, Ebenezer James MacRae, as it was by then sandwiched between St Mary's Star of the Sea Church and tenements on the Kirkgate. It was consequently demolished as part of the Kirkgate clearances. Parliamentary context and the trial He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English statesman, politician and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in British history. He came to prominence during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, initially as a senior commander in the Parliamentarian army and latterly as a politician. A leading advocate of the execution of Charles I in January 1649, which led to the establishment of the Commonwealth of England, Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector from December 1653 until his death. Although elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Huntingdon in 1628, much of Cromwell's life prior to 1640 was marked by financial and personal failure. He briefly contemplated emigration to New England, but became a religious Independent in the 1630s and thereafter believed his successes were the result of divine providence. In 1640 he was returned as MP for Cambridge in the Short and Long Parliaments. He joined the Parliamentarian army when the First Engl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preston, Lancashire
Preston () is a city on the north bank of the River Ribble in Lancashire, England. The city is the administrative centre of the county of Lancashire and the wider City of Preston, Lancashire, City of Preston local government district. Preston and its surrounding district obtained City status in the United Kingdom, city status in 2002, becoming England's 50th city in the 50th year of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth II's reign. Preston had a population of 147,800 at the 2021 census, the City of Preston district 156,411 in 2023 and the Preston Built-up Area 313,322. The Preston Travel To Work Area, in 2011, had a population of 420,661, compared with 354,000 in the previous census. The south bank of the Ribble is part of the Preston urban area, although it forms the South Ribble borough that is administratively separate. Preston and its surrounding area have provided evidence of ancient Roman Britain, Roman activity, largely in the form of a Roman road that led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Leslie (Scottish General)
David Leslie, 1st Lord Newark ( – ) was a Scottish military officer and peer. During the Thirty Years' War, he joined in the Swedish Army in 1630 and served under Alexander Leslie. Returning to Scotland in the final days of the Bishops' War, Leslie fought in the English Civil War and Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Scottish Civil Wars on the side of the Covenanters and Cavalier, Royalists. After the Stuart Restoration, Leslie was raised to the peerage of Scotland as Lord Newark by Charles II of Scotland. Early life David Leslie was the fifth son of Sir Patrick Leslie, 1st Lord Lindores, and Jean, daughter of Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney. Thirty Years War David Leslie was one of the Scots who transferred from Swedish to Russian service under Alexander Leslie of Auchintoul (not to be confused with Leven) in 1632 to participate in the Smolensk War and was mentioned by name in Leslie of Auchintoul's testimonial. David Leslie re-appeared in the Swedish army in 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Philiphaugh
The Battle of Philiphaugh was fought on 13 September 1645 during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms near Selkirk in the Scottish Borders. The Royalist army of the Marquis of Montrose was destroyed by the Covenanter army of Sir David Leslie, restoring the power of the Committee of Estates. Prelude When the Covenanters became allies of the English Parliamentarians, Montrose was given a commission as King Charles's Lieutenant General in Scotland. He was able to raise an army consisting of regiments of Irish soldiers sent to Scotland by the Irish Confederates and shifting numbers of Highland clansmen. With these troops, Montrose had won a remarkable series of victories in the year preceding the Battle of Philiphaugh. The last of these was at Kilsyth, which destroyed the last Covenanter army in Scotland and put the lowland towns at his mercy. Montrose refused to allow his army to loot Glasgow, instead accepting a sum of £500 from the Town Council as pay for his soldiers. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Graham, 1st Marquess Of Montrose
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612 – 21 May 1650) was a Scottish nobleman, poet, soldier and later viceroy and captain general of Scotland. Montrose initially joined the Covenanters in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, but subsequently supported King Charles I of England, Charles I as the English Civil War developed. From 1644 to 1646, and again in 1650, he fought in the Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, civil war in Scotland on behalf of the King. He is referred to as the Great Montrose. Following his defeat and capture at the Battle of Carbisdale, Montrose was tried by the Parliament of Scotland, Scottish Parliament and sentenced to death by hanging, followed by Decapitation, beheading and Hanged, drawn and quartered, quartering. After the Stuart Restoration, Restoration, Charles II of England, Charles II paid £802 sterling for a lavish funeral in 1661. Montrose's reputation later changed from treason, traitor or martyr to a romantic hero and subject o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freemason
Freemasonry (sometimes spelled Free-Masonry) consists of fraternal groups that trace their origins to the medieval guilds of stonemasons. Freemasonry is the oldest secular fraternity in the world and among the oldest still-existing organizations in history. Modern Freemasonry broadly consists of three main traditions: *Anglo-American Freemasonry, Anglo-American style Freemasonry, which insists that a "volume of sacred law", such as the Bible, Quran, or other religious text be open in a working Masonic lodge, lodge, that every member professes belief in a God, supreme being, that only men be admitted, and discussion of religion or politics does not take place within the lodge. *Continental Freemasonry or Liberal Freemasonry which has continued to evolve beyond these restrictions, particularly regarding religious belief and political discussion. *Co-Freemasonry, Women Freemasonry or Co-Freemasonry, which includes organizations that either admit women exclusively (such as the Ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Assembly Of The Church Of Scotland
The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the sovereign and highest court of the Church of Scotland, and is thus the Church's governing body.''An Introduction to Practice and Procedure in the Church of Scotland'' by A. Gordon McGillivray, 2nd Edition (2006 updated text) It generally meets each year and is chaired by a Moderator elected at the start of the Assembly. Church courts As a Presbyterian church, the Church of Scotland is governed by courts of elders rather than by bishops. At the bottom of the hierarchy of courts is the Kirk Session, the court of the parish; representatives of Kirk Sessions form the Presbytery, the local area court. Formerly there were also Synods at regional level, with authority over a group of presbyteries, but these have been abolished. At national level, the General Assembly stands at the top of this structure. Meetings General Assembly meetings are usually held in the Assembly Hall on the Mound, Edinburgh. This was originally bui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord High Commissioner To The General Assembly Of The Church Of Scotland
The Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the monarch's personal representative to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (the Kirk), reflecting the Church's role as the national church of Scotland and the monarch's role as protector and member of that Church. In its history, the office holder has been the personal representatives to all Scottish monarchs, and later British monarchs, following the Union of the Crowns. Alongside the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is arguably one of the two most prominent figures in the Church of Scotland. History Lord High Commissioners were appointed to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Scotland between 1603 and 1707 as the monarch's personal representative. The Act of Union 1707 made this function redundant, but a Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Berwick (1639)
The Treaty of Berwick (also known as the Peace of Berwick or the Pacification of Berwick) was an agreement between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, signed on 18 June 1639, which ended the First Bishops' War. Peace lasted less than a year before the outbreak of the Second Bishops' War in 1640. War During the 1630s, King Charles I, who was king of both Scotland and England, had attempted religious reforms to the Church of Scotland. In 1638, to express their strong political opposition to these reforms, many people throughout Scotland signed the National Covenant. Supporters of this movement, known as Covenanters, gained political supremacy in Scotland and mobilised forces to oppose any attempt by the King, or any of his Royalist supporters in Scotland, to restore his authority. By June 1638, inconclusive skirmishing had taken place in the north-east of Scotland between Covenanters and Royalists. At the same time, Scottish and English armies had mustere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Covenanters
Covenanters were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. It originated in disputes with James VI and his son Charles I over church organisation and doctrine, but expanded into political conflict over the limits of royal authority. In 1638, thousands of Scots signed the National Covenant, pledging to resist changes in religious practice imposed by Charles. This led to the 1639 and 1640 Bishops' Wars, which ended with the Covenanters in control of the Scottish government. In response to the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Covenanter troops were sent to Ireland, and the 1643 Solemn League and Covenant brought them into the First English Civil War on the side of Parliament. As the Wars of the Three Kingdoms progressed, many Covenanters came to view English religious Independents like Oliver Cromwell as a greater threat than the Royalists, particu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
