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Japanese 53 Cm Torpedo
Numerous 53 cm (21-inch, 533 mm) torpedoes have been used by the Imperial Japanese Navy and its successor, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, since their first development just before the First World War. Torpedoes of 21-inch caliber are the primary size category used worldwide. In Japan, they are used by surface ships and submarines, and comprise the predominant majority of submarine torpedoes; historically, aircraft and midget submarines used smaller Japanese 45 cm torpedo, 45 cm torpedoes, and surface ships additionally used Japanese 61 cm torpedo, 61 cm torpedoes. Japan also employs Japanese 32 cm torpedo, 32 cm torpedoes which conform to the NATO 12.75-inch (323.8 mm) standard; these are dedicated Anti-submarine warfare, ASW weapons, often delivered via aircraft. The 12.75 inch standard for light ASW torpedoes was originally defined by the dimensions of the Mark 46 torpedo. Prior to 6 October 1917, Imperial units, imperial measurements were used. After this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: ' 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or ''Nippon Kaigun'', 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, Potsdam Declaration, when it was dissolved following surrender of Japan, Japan's surrender in World War II. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) was formed between 1952 and 1954 after the dissolution of the IJN. The IJN was the third largest navy in the world by 1920, behind the Royal Navy and the United States Navy (USN). It was supported by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service for reconnaissance and airstrike operations from the fleet. It was the primary opponent of the Allies of World War II, Western Allies in the Pacific War. The IJN additionally fielded Imperial Japanese Navy land forces, limited land-based forces, including Special Naval Landing Forces, professional marines, Japanese marine paratroopers of World War II, marine paratrooper units, anti-aircraft defense units ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark 44 Torpedo
The Mark 44 torpedo is a now-obsolete air-launched and ship-launched lightweight torpedo manufactured in the United States, and under licence in Canada, France, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom, with 10,500 being produced for U.S. service. It was superseded by the Mark 46 torpedo, beginning in the late 1960s. The Royal Australian Navy, however, continued to use it alongside its successor for a number of years, because the Mark 44 was thought to have superior performance in certain shallow-water conditions. It has been deployed by many navies and air forces including the USN, Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Air Force from various launch vehicles. These include long-range maritime patrol aircraft, e.g. P-3 Orion, RAF Nimrod, Canadair Argus, LAMPS and other embarked naval helicopters, ASROC missiles, Ikara missiles. Development During the 1950s the US Navy ordered development of a new generation of lightweight anti-submarine torpedoes. Two programs were s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chatham Publishing
Lionel Leventhal is a British publisher of books on military history and related topics, whose eponymous company was established in 1967. History After working in a bookshop (1954–1956), Leventhal joined the publishing company of Herbert Jenkins Ltd, best known as the publisher of P. G. Wodehouse, and published his first military book in 1960. After a short time with Paul Hamlyn (1964–1966), Leventhal set up Arms & Armour Press in 1966. Lionel Leventhal Limited came into being in 1967 as the holding company for the various publishing and other book-related companies run by its eponymous owner. Arms and Armour Press Founded at a time when few new publishing houses were being established, Arms and Armour Press began on Leventhal's kitchen table, but grew rapidly to be one of the United Kingdom's leading publishers of militaria and military history, with a stable of authors including some of the most renowned specialists in the field, including Ian V. Hogg, David G. Chan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoinette (manufacturer)
Antoinette was a French manufacturer of light petrol engines. Antoinette also became a pioneer-era builder of aeroplanes before World War I, most notably the record-breaking monoplanes flown by Hubert Latham and René Labouchère. Based in Puteaux, the Antoinette concern was in operation between 1903 and 1912. The company operated a flying school at Chalons for which it built one of the earliest flight simulators. Private engine-building venture Antoinette began as a private venture led by the engineer Léon Levavasseur and financed by Jules Gastambide, who owned an electricity generating station in Algeria. While on holiday with Gastambide and his family in 1902, Levavasseur expressed his interest in the emerging field of aviation and proposed the development of light, powerful engines for use in aircraft. Levavasseur then suggested to Gastambide's daughter, Antoinette, that the engines should be named after her. Gastambide financed the venture. Levavasseur patented t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Combustion
An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine. The force is typically applied to pistons (piston engine), turbine blades (gas turbine), a rotor (Wankel engine), or a nozzle (jet engine). This force moves the component over a distance. This process transforms chemical energy into kinetic energy which is used to propel, move or power whatever the engine is attached to. The first commercially successful internal combustion engines were invented in the mid-19th century. The first modern internal combustion engine, the Otto engine, was designed in 1876 by the German engineer Nicolaus Otto. The term ''internal combustion engine'' usually r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaichū Type Submarine
The submarines were double-hulled medium-sized submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The name was derived from the . Several variants existed. From 1934 to 1944, the K6 type (''Ro-33'' Class) and the K7 type (Senchū, ''Ro-35'' Class) were built. They were equipped with a L/40 gun and four 53 cm torpedo tubes for ten type 95 Long Lance torpedoes. Most of these submarines were destroyed in combat, suffering from Allied anti-submarine warfare measures, and only survived the war. Class variants The ''Kaichū'' type submarines were divided into seven classes: * * * * * * * ''Kaichū I (Ro-11 class)'' Project number S7. In 1910s, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) bought a license of Schneider-Laubeuf design submarine. The IJN used the design as model and built the ''S Type (Schneider Type)'' submarine, the and . The ''Kaichū I'' is the submarine which jumboized the ''S Type'' submarines. *Boats in class ''Kaichū II (Ro-13 class)'' Pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Type L Submarine
The submarines were medium-sized submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), serving during the 1920s and World War II. The ''Type L'' submarines were built with Vickers naval technical guidance. All boats were built in the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries-Kobe Shipyard by the contract with Vickers. Class variants The ''Type L'' submarines were divided into four classes: * * * * ''Type L1 (Ro-51-class)'' In 1916, the Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Corporation got the Vickers ''L'' class submarine informations. Mitsubishi which lost competition to the Kawasaki's ''Type F'' submarines (Fiat- Laurenti design, ''Ro-1'' class and ''Ro-3'' class), bought the license for the ''L'' class submarine from Vickers. The IJN hoped an improvement of submarine technologies will be achieved and ordered this submarine from Mitsubishi. Mitsubishi bought six submarine kits, and built two boats by semi-knock down. The submarine crews were satisfied with the Vickers diesels because they proved to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type F Submarine
The were medium Imperial Japanese Navy submarines in commission during the 1920s. They were Japan's first true seagoing submarines and the earliest Japanese submarines classified as "second-class" or "medium" submarines. Design and description The Type F submarines were designed by the Italy, Italian firm Fiat-Laurenti and built under license by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kawasaki at Kobe, Japan.Gray, p. 247. The Type F submarines were the Imperial Japanese Navy′s first true seagoing submarines, and when the Japanese adopted a three-tiered classification system of its submarines as first-class (''I (kana), I''), second-class or medium (''Ro (kana), Ro''), and third-class (''Ha (kana), Ha'') on 1 November 1924,Gray, p. 245. the Type F submarines were the earliest to receive the second-class classification, as reflected in their low numbers in the ''Ro'' series, and in fact they were the earliest Japanese submarine classified as anything higher than third-class. As built, Type F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarine
A submarine (often shortened to sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. (It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability.) The term "submarine" is also sometimes used historically or informally to refer to remotely operated vehicles and Autonomous underwater vehicle, robots, or to medium-sized or smaller vessels (such as the midget submarine and the wet sub). Submarines are referred to as ''boats'' rather than ''ships'' regardless of their size. Although experimental submarines had been built earlier, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and submarines were adopted by several navies. They were first used widely during World War I (1914–1918), and are now used in many navy, navies, large and small. Their military uses include: attacking enemy surface ships (merchant and military) or other submarines; aircraft carrier protection; Blockade runner, blockade running; Ballistic missile submarine, nuclear deterrenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bliss–Leavitt Mark 8 Torpedo
The Bliss–Leavitt Mark 8 torpedo was the United States Navy's first by torpedo. Although introduced prior to World War I, most of its combat use was by PT boats in World War II. The torpedo was originally designed in 1911 by Frank McDowell Leavitt of the E. W. Bliss Company and entered full mass production in 1913 at the Naval Torpedo Station in Newport, Rhode Island. It was deployed on destroyers and battleships during World War I and cruisers built in the 1920s. All US battleships and most cruisers had their torpedo tubes removed by 1941. The Mark 8 remained in service through World War II on older destroyers, primarily the ''Wickes'' and ''Clemson'' classes. It also equipped PT boats early in World War II, but was replaced by the Mark 13 torpedo on most of these in mid-1943. Under the Lend-Lease Act, about 600 Mark 8 torpedoes were issued to the United Kingdom for use with 50 pre-1930 destroyers it received under the Destroyers for Bases Agreement. Design The design ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoinette 8V
The Antoinette 8V was an early French eight-cylinder, liquid-cooled, V engine, the first series production gasoline-fueled, spark plug ignition engine of any kind produced with manifold injection Manifold injection is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines with external mixture formation. It is commonly used in engines with spark ignition that use petrol as fuel, such as the Otto cycle, Otto engine, and the Wankel engine .... It was typically rated at . First produced in 1906 it was used on a number of early French aircraft, including Alberto Santos Dumont's 14 Bis and the Antoinette company's own Antoinette VII. Specifications (Antoinette 8V) ''Data for'': Antoinette 8V See also References #Engine Data Sheets - Mechanical Data tables# External links Old Machine Press page on Antoinette (Levavasseur) aircraft engines {{Antoinette aircraft and aero engines 1900s aircraft piston engines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shimose Powder
was a type of explosive shell-filling developed by the Japanese naval engineer (1860–1911). Shimose, born in Hiroshima Prefecture, graduated from Tokyo Imperial University and became one of Japan's earliest holders of a doctorate in engineering. In 1887, the Imperial Japanese Navy hired him as a chemical engineer, and from 1899 he headed a research unit tasked with developing a more powerful type of shell-filling for use by naval artillery. Shimose developed a new explosive based on picric acid – already used by France in the form of Melinite and by Britain in the form of Lyddite. Picric acid has an instability problem when in contact with iron or other heavy metals, so the French mixed it with collodion and the British mixed it with dinitrobenzene and vaseline to form compounds for stability within gun shells. On the other hand, Shimose coated the inside of a shell with unpigmented Japanese lacquer and further sealed it with wax to prevent his powder from comi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
