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J. J. Sakurai Prize For Theoretical Particle Physics
The J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics, is presented by the American Physical Society at its annual April Meeting, and honors outstanding achievement in particle physics#Theory, particle physics theory. The prize consists of a monetary award ($10,000 USD), a certificate citing the contributions recognized by the award, and a travel allowance for the recipient to attend the presentation. The award is endowed by the family and friends of particle physicist J. J. Sakurai. The prize has been awarded annually since 1985. Prize recipients The following have won this prize:The source of all information in this section, including quotations of the citation texts, is: * 2023 Heinrich Leutwyler: "For fundamental contributions to the effective field theory of pions at low energies, and for proposing that the gluon is a color octet." * 2022 Nima Arkani-Hamed: "For the development of transformative new frameworks for physics beyond the standard model with novel experiment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Particle Physics
Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) and bosons (force-carrying particles). There are three generations of fermions, but ordinary matter is made only from the first fermion generation. The first generation consists of up and down quarks which form protons and neutrons, and electrons and electron neutrinos. The three fundamental interactions known to be mediated by bosons are electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction. Quarks cannot exist on their own but form hadrons. Hadrons that contain an odd number of quarks are called baryons and those that contain an even number are called mesons. Two baryons, the proton and the neutron, make up most of the mass of ordinary matter. Mesons are unstable and the longest-lived last for only a few hundredths of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sally Dawson
Sally Dawson is an American physicist who deals with theoretical elementary particle physics. Education and career Dawson studied mathematics and physics at Duke University with a bachelor's degree in 1977 and at Harvard University with a master's degree in 1978 and a doctorate in 1981 with thesis advisor Howard Georgi and thesis ''Radiative Corrections to sin2θW''. She was a postdoc at Fermilab (1983–1986) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1981–1983). From 1986 she was at Brookhaven National Laboratory, where she became a Senior Scientist in 1994 and a group leader in 1998. From 2001 to the present, she is an adjunct professor at the C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics at Stony Brook University. In 2007–2008 she was on sabbatical leave at SLAC. Her research deals with the physics of the Higgs boson and possible extensions of the Standard model related to the Higgs boson. She co-authored, with three collaborators, an influential handbook, first published ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estia Eichten
Estia Joseph Eichten (born 1946), is an American theoretical physicist, of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). He received his Ph.D. in 1972 from the MIT Center for Theoretical Physics, where he was a student of Roman Jackiw's, and was Associate Professor of Physics at Harvard before joining the Fermilab Theoretical Physics Department in 1982. In 1984 Eichten coauthored "Supercollider Physics" (with Kenneth Lane, Ian Hinchliffe and Chris Quigg), which has strongly influenced the quest for future discoveries at hadron colliders, such as the Fermilab Tevatron, the SSC, and the LHC at CERN. He has made many other significant contributions, including the study of the spectroscopy of heavy-light mesons (for which he was an originator of the idea of heavy quark symmetry), quarkonium, and "technicolor" theories of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chris Quigg
Chris Quigg (born December 15, 1944) is an American theoretical physicist at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). He graduated from Yale University in 1966 and received his Ph.D. in 1970 under the tutelage of J. D. Jackson at the University of California, Berkeley. He has been an associate professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, and was head of the Theoretical Physics Department at Fermilab from 1977 to 1987. Contributions to physics Quigg's contributions range over many topics in particle physics. With Benjamin Lee and H. B. Thacker in 1977 he identified the uppermost theoretical mass scale for the Higgs boson. In 1984 he coauthored "Supercollider Physics" (with Estia Eichten, Kenneth Lane and Ian Hinchliffe), which has strongly influenced the quest for future discoveries at hadron colliders, such as the Fermilab Tevatron, the SSC, and the LHC at CERN. He is also author of ''Gauge Theories of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryan Webber
Bryan Ronald Webber, FRS, FInstP (born 25 July 1943) is a British physicist and academic. He was a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge from 1973 to 2010, and Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge from 1999 to 2010. He has been awarded the Dirac Medal by the Institute of Physics, the Sakurai Prize by the American Physical Society and the High Energy and Particle Physics Prize by the European Physical Society. Early life and education Webber was born on 25 July 1943 to Frederick Ronald Webber and Iris Evelyn Webber (née Hutchings). He was educated at Colston's School, an independent school in Bristol. He studied at The Queen's College, Oxford and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1964. He then moved to California, United States, to undertake postgraduate research within the research group of Luis Walter Alvarez at the University of California, Berkeley. He completed his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in experimental particle physics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torbjörn Sjöstrand
Torbjörn Sjöstrand (born 13 November 1954) is a Swedish theoretical physicist and a professor at Lund University in Sweden, where he also got his PhD in 1982. He is one of the main authors of PYTHIA, a program for generation of high-energy physics events. In his early career, Sjöstrand spent shorter postdoc periods at DESY (Germany) and Fermilab (USA). From 1989 to 1995 he was staff member in the CERN Theory division. Honours In 2012, he was awarded the J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics by the American Physical Society. The citation reads: In 2021, he was awarded the High Energy and Particle Physics Prize of the European Physical Society for the development of PYTHIA. He received the award together with Bryan Webber Bryan Ronald Webber, FRS, FInstP (born 25 July 1943) is a British physicist and academic. He was a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge from 1973 to 2010, and Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge from 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guido Altarelli
Guido Altarelli (12 July 1941 – 30 September 2015) was an Italian theoretical physicist. Biography Altarelli graduated in Physics from the Sapienza University of Rome in 1963 with Raoul Gatto whom he followed to the University of Florence (1965–68). He held positions at New York University (1968–69), the Rockefeller University (New York, 1969–70), the École Normale Superieure in Paris (1976–77, 81) and Boston University (1985–86). In 1970-92 he held a faculty position at the Sapienza University of Rome (full professor of theoretical physics since 1980). He was Director of the Rome Section of the INFN (1985–87). In 1992 he moved to the newly established University of Roma Tre. In 1987-2006 he was a Senior Staff Physicist at the Theory Division of CERN, and was Theory Division Leader from 2000-04. At CERN he had a leading role in the interpretation of SppS results, in the preparation of LEP and the LHC and in the theoretical analysis of the experimental results. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roberto Peccei
Roberto Daniele Peccei (; January 6, 1942 – June 1, 2020) was a theoretical particle physicist whose principal interests lay in the area of electroweak interactions and in the interface between particle physics and physical cosmology. He was most known for formulating the Peccei–Quinn theory (with Helen Quinn), which attempts to resolve the strong CP problem in particle physics. Peccei was a Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of California, Los Angeles between 2000 and 2010. Early life and education The son of Aurelio Peccei (founder of the Club of Rome), Roberto Peccei was born in 1942 in Torino, Italy. He completed his secondary school in Argentina, and came to the United States in 1958 to pursue his university studies in physics. He obtained a B.S. from MIT in 1962, and M.S. from New York University (NYU) in 1964 and a Ph.D. from the MIT Center for Theoretical Physics in 1969. Career After a brief period of postdoctoral work at the University of Washington, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helen Quinn
Helen Rhoda Arnold Quinn (born 19 May 1943) is an Australian-born particle physicist and educator who has made major contributions to both fields. Her contributions to theoretical physics include the Peccei–Quinn theory which implies a corresponding symmetry of nature (related to matter-antimatter symmetry and the possible source of the dark matter that pervades the universe) and contributions to the search for a unified theory for the three types of particle interactions (strong, electromagnetic, and weak). As Chair of the Board on Science Education of the National Academy of Sciences, Quinn led the effort that produced ''A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas''—the basis for the Next Generation Science Standards adopted by many states. Her honours include the Dirac Medal of the International Center for Theoretical Physics, the Oskar Klein Medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, appointment as an Honorary Offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lance J
A lance is a spear designed to be used by a mounted warrior or cavalry soldier ( lancer). In ancient and medieval warfare, it evolved into the leading weapon in cavalry charges, and was unsuited for throwing or for repeated thrusting, unlike similar weapons of the javelin and pike family typically used by infantry. Lances were often equipped with a vamplate, a small circular plate to prevent the hand sliding up the shaft upon impact, and beginning in the late 14th century were used in conjunction with a lance rest attached to the breastplate. Though best known as a military and sporting weapon carried by European knights and men-at-arms, the use of lances was widespread throughout Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa wherever suitable mounts were available. Lancers of the medieval period also carried secondary weapons such as swords, battle axes, war hammers, maces and daggers for use in hand-to-hand combat, since the lance was often a one-use-per-engagement weapon; ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zvi Bern
Zvi Bern (born 17 September 1960) is an American theoretical particle physicist. He is a professor at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Bern studied physics and mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and earned his doctorate in 1986 in theoretical physics from the University of California, Berkeley under the supervision of Martin Halpern. Bern's dissertation manuscript can currently be found in Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's archives, examining "possible nonperturbative continuum regularization schemes for quantum field theory which are based upon the Langevin equation of Parisi and Wu." Bern developed new methods for the computation of Feynman diagrams that were originally introduced in quantum electrodynamics for the perturbative computation of scattering amplitudes. In more complicated quantum field theories such as Yang–Mills theory or quantum field theories with gravity, the computer calculation of the perturbative evolution using Feynman diagra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quarks
A quark () is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons. Owing to a phenomenon known as ''color confinement'', quarks are never found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas. There is also the theoretical possibility of more exotic phases of quark matter. For this reason, much of what is known about quarks has been drawn from observations of hadrons. Quarks have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, mass, color charge, and spin. They are the only elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics to experience all four fundamental interactions, also known as ''fundamental forces'' (electrom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
