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Ivan Makarovich Orbeliani
Prince Ivan Makarovich Dzhambakurian-Orbeliani ( ka, ივანე მამუკას ძე ორბელიანი Ivane Mamukas dze Orbeliani. russian: Ива́н Мака́рович Орбелиа́ни) (9 September 1844 – 13 November 1919) was a Russian imperial general, governor of Kutaisi and Georgian prince. Biography He was born as a member of one of the most important princely families of Georgia, the House of Orbeliani. His parents were Prince Mamuka Tomazovich Orbeliani and Princess Ketevan Eristavi of Ksani. His family originated from Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire. He was in the army since the 1860s. His first success was shown in the battles with the mountaineers and later he also took part in the Russian-Turkish war (1877–1878). As a lieutenant he fought in the Caucasus, by 1883 he was already a colonel and six years later a major-general. He was also the commander of the: * Caucasian Military District (1892–1895) * 2nd B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the 16th century, as a shortening of ''captain general'', which rank was taken from Middle French ''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks. It has a NATO rank sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically been considered as a natural barrier between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Mount Elbrus in Russia, Europe's highest mountain, is situated in the Western Caucasus. On the southern side, the Lesser Caucasus includes the Javakheti Plateau and the Armenian highlands, part of which is in Turkey. The Caucasus is divided into the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, although the Western Caucasus also exists as a distinct geographic space within the North Caucasus. The Greater Caucasus mountain range in the north is mostly shared by Russia and Georgia as well as the northernmost parts of Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus mountain range in the south is occupied by several independent states, mostly by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, but also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonia Orbeliani
Sonia Orbeliani (1875-1915) was a Russian Empire princess and courtier. She was a lady-in-waiting of the Russian empress Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) from 1898 until 1915.Buxhoeveden, Sophie (1928). The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress of Russia. London: Longmans & Co. OCLC 557701559 Biography Born into the House of Orbeliani Sophia was the middle child and the only daughter of Russian imperial general, governor of Kutaisi Kutaisi (, ka, ქუთაისი ) is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the third-most populous city in Georgia, traditionally, second in importance, after the capital city of Tbilisi. Situated west of Tbilis ..., Prince Ivan Makarovich Orbeliani and his wife, Princess Maria Svyatopolk-Mirska (1855-1889). Her brothers were Prince Mamuka Ivanovich Orbliani (1873-1924) and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Orbeliani (1873-1922), who served as personal assistant of the Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chavchavadze
The House of Chavchavadze ( ka, ჭავჭავაძე) is a Georgian noble family, formerly a princely one (tavadi), later incorporated into the Russian nobility, also with the title of Prince. History The family is first attested in the 15th century, during the reign of Alexander I of Georgia. By the time of Leon of Kakheti they appear in the province of Kakheti (1529, according to Prince Ioann of Georgia), where they produced two lines: one in Telavi and Tsinandali; another in Qvareli and Shildi. Both these lines were elevated to a princely dignity under the kings Erekle I (1680s) and Constantine II (1726), respectively. The Chavchavadze family, with its head Prince Garsevan, came to much prominence under the king Erekle II later in the 18th century, and continued to play an important role in Georgia during the Imperial Russian rule. They were confirmed in their rank by the Tsar’s decrees of 1825, 1828, 1829, and 1850. On 4 July 1853, a small party under Ghazi Muha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irakli Gruzinsky
Irakli Gruzinsky ( ka, ირაკლი გრუზინსკი; russian: Ираклий Александрович Грузинский, ''Irakly Aleksandrovich Gruzinsky''; 18 August 1826 – 27 April 1882) was a Georgian prince belonging to the House of Bagrationi and a colonel in the Russian Imperial army. He was a grandson of Heraclius II, the penultimate king of Georgia, and the son of Prince Alexander, a staunch opponent of the Russian possession of Georgia. Early life Prince Irakli was born in Erivan, then part of the Persian Empire, in 1826. His father, Alexander, had left his homeland in 1800 and had since been trying to overthrow the Russian regime in Georgia. Irakli's mother was Mariam, daughter of Sahak Melik-Aghamalyan, the influential Armenian dignitary of Erivan. Soon after Irakli's birth, Erivan was taken by the Russian army in the course of the Russo-Persian war of 1826–1828, which occasioned Alexander's separation with his family. Mariam and Irakli l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagration Dynasty
The Bagrationi dynasty (; ) is a royal dynasty which reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, being among the oldest extant Christian ruling dynasties in the world. In modern usage, the name of the dynasty is sometimes Hellenized and referred to as the Georgian Bagratids, also known in English as the Bagrations. The origins of the dynasty are disputed. The early Georgian Bagratids gained the Principality of Iberia through dynastic marriage after succeeding the Chosroid dynasty at the end of the 8th century. In 888 Adarnase IV of Iberia restored the Georgian monarchy; various native polities then united into the Kingdom of Georgia, which prospered from the 11th to the 13th century. This period of time, particularly the reigns of David IV the Builder (1089–1125) and of his great-granddaughter Tamar the Great (1184–1213) inaugurated the Georgian Golden Age in the history of Georgia. Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. " Burke's Royal Families of the Wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamuka Ivanovich Of Orbeliani
Mamuka ( ka, მამუკა) is a Georgian given name. It may refer to *Mamuka of Imereti (fl. 1719–1769), member of the Bagrationi dynasty of Imereti *Prince Mamuka of Imereti (died 1654), member of the Bagrationi dynasty of Imereti *Mamuka, Prince of Mukhrani (died 1751), Georgian prince *Mamuka Gorgodze (born 1984), Georgian rugby union player * Mamuka Japharidze (born 1962), Georgian artist * Mamuka Jugeli (born 1969), Georgian football player and manager * Mamuka Kikaleishvili (1960–2000), Georgian actor *Mamuka Kikalishvili (born 1971), Georgian fashion photographer * Mamuka Kobakhidze (born 1992), Georgian football player *Mamuka Kurashvili (born 1970), Georgian general *Mamuka Lomidze (born 1984), Georgian football player * Mamuka Machavariani (born 1970), Georgian football player *Mamuka Magrakvelidze (born 1977), a Georgian rugby union player * Mamuka Minashvili (born 1971), Georgian football player * Mamuka Tavakalashvili, Georgian poet, painter and calligrapher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Ivanovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky
Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (russian: Дмитрий Иванович Святополк-Мирский, 1825–1899) was an Imperial Russian Army general, a politician and a member of the princely Svyatopolk-Mirsky family. Background Svyatopolk-Mirsky was born to the family of Tomasz Bogumił Jan Światopełk-Mirski, the ambassador to Russia from the semi-independent Kingdom of Poland. Dmitry's patronymic ''Ivanovich'' was based on a Russified form of the third name of his father. Despite being a member of a Polish szlachta, he was brought up in Saint Petersburg and considered himself Russian. The family's princely title was confirmed by the tsars when they relocated to Russia. Career He began his military service in 1841 in the Caucasian War, fighting against Chechens and Daghestanis. During the Crimean War, he took part in the battles in Kurukdere and Bayandur in Armenia. He commanded the Chernigov Infantry Regiment during the Battle of Chernaya Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svyatopolk-Mirsky
The House of Sviatopolk-Mirsky ( be, Святаполк-Мірскі, Sviatapolk-Mirski, russian: Святополк-Мирский, pl, Światopełk-Mirski, also transliterated using ''Swiatopolk'' or ''Mirskii'') is a family of Russian and Lithuanian nobility that originated from present-day northwestern Belarus. They first appeared in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the late 15th century as "Mirski" – the name probably derived from the town of Miory in the former Kievan Rus' principate of Polotsk, although it is possible that the family had been local rulers for some centuries beforehand. The memoirs of Prince Pyotr Vladimirovich Dolgorukov assert that the Svyatopolk-Mirsky family were nobility descending from Rurik who submitted to Gediminas (Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1316 to 1341) and became magnates. The '' Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility'' ('' :de:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels'') states that the Svyatopolk-Mirsky family descends from a younger branch of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiflis
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Tbilisi was founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, and since then has served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tiflis was the seat of the Caucasus Viceroyalty, governing both the northern and the southern parts of the Caucasus. Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a captain general. In modern armies, lieutenant general normally ranks immediately below general and above major general; it is equivalent to the navy rank of vice admiral, and in air forces with a separate rank structure, it is equivalent to air marshal. A lieutenant general commands an army corps, made up of typically three army divisions, and consisting of around 60 000 to 70 000 soldiers (U.S.). The seeming incongruity that a lieutenant general outranks a major general (whereas a major outranks a lieutenant) is due to the derivation of major general from sergeant major general, which was a rank subordinate to lieutenant general (as a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major). In contrast, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1905 over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire. The major theatres of military operations were located in Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria, and the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean both for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok remained ice-free and operational only during the summer; Port Arthur, a naval base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by the Qing dynasty of China from 1897, was operational year round. Russia had pursued an expansionist policy east of the Urals, in Siberia and the Far East, since the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century. Since the end of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Japan had feared Russian en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
