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Ishbara Qaghan (Ashina Helu)
Ishbara Khagan (Old Turkic: 𐰃𐱁𐰉𐰺𐰀𐰴𐰍𐰣, Ïšbara qaγan, , personal name Ashina Helu - ) (ruled 651–658) was the last khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Name The khagan's underlying Turkic name, transcribed with Chinese characters 賀魯, became a debate among scholars. Gumilyov proposed ''Hallïğ'', meaning "Elevated". Von Gabain proposed name ''Kullïğ'' (slave owner). Gömeç argued for ''Uluğ'' meaning "Great",. Meanwhile, Kapusuzoğlu proposed ''Kutluğ'' (Blessed) as his underlying Turkic name. Zuev (1960) linked the Khagan personal name ''Helu'' (< MC *''ɣa-lou'') with the tribal name ''Khallukh'' attested by Persian and Arab writers, and asserted that by the 7th century Helu's tribe was dynastic; later, however, Zuev (2002) proposed that Chinese ''Helu'' reflects [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dulu Khan
Duolu Qaghan (full title: ) was a ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate during 632–634 or 633–634. Early life He was Bagha Shad's son. After his uncle Tong Yabgu was killed by Külüg Sibir, the candidate of eastern or Duolu faction (the other being the western Nushibi faction) the Duolu tribes became the dominant power of the western empire. Nishu, then a partisan of rival Nushibi clan supported his cousin (Tong's son) Dieli Teqin to throne in 631. In 633 after a coup, Dieli escaped to south and Nushibi clan supported Nishu who was a living in Karasahr (now a city in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China) to throne. According to the Turkish historian Prof. Dr. Aydın Usta, who relies on the medieval Persian historian Al-Taberi, Ibn al-Athir and Belazuri, Duolu tried to help Khusrow III against the armies of the Arabic caliphate and participated in minor battles, but he had to return east because of a rebellion. Reign Beginning with his reign, the Nushibi clan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duolu
Duolu (Wade–Giles: To-lu; c. 603-651 as a minimum) was a tribal confederation in the Western Turkic Khaganate (c. 581-659). The Turgesh Khaganate (699-766) may have been founded by Duolu remnants. There existed several Chinese transcriptions 咄陸 (Middle Chinese *''tuɑt̚-lɨuk̚'' > Mandarin ''Duōlù''), 咄六 (MC. *''tuɑt̚-lɨuk̚'' > Mand. ''Duōliù''), 都陸 (MC. *''tuo-lɨuk̚'' > Mand. ''Dōulù''), 都六 (MC. ''tuo-lɨuk̚'' > Mand. ''Duōliù''). The Old Turkic name behind those has been reconstructed, variously and with uncertainty, as *''Tör-ok'', *''Turuk'', *''Tuğluq'', ''Tölük'', ''Türük'', and most recently ''Tuğluğ'' (𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰍) "have flags, have standards".Kenzheahmet. p. 302-304 There is confusion, or possibly connection, with the earlier Onogurs which also means 'ten tribes'. Additionally, Duolu's relation to the Dulo clan of the Bulgars is possible, but not proven. Initially, Western Turks might have organized themselves into e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zizhi Tongjian
''Zizhi Tongjian'' () is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography, published in 1084 AD during the Northern Song dynasty in the form of a chronicle recording Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynasties and spanning almost 1400 years. The main text is arranged into 294 scrolls (''juan'' , equivalent to a chapter) totaling about 3 million Chinese characters. In 1065 AD, Emperor Yingzong of Song commissioned his official Sima Guang (1019–1086 AD) to lead a project to compile a universal history of China, and granted him funding and the authority to appoint his own staff. His team took 19 years to complete the work and in 1084 AD it was presented to Emperor Yingzong's successor Emperor Shenzong of Song. It was well-received and has proved to be immensely influential among both scholars and the general public. Endymion Wilkinson regards it as reference quality: "It had an enormous influence on later Chinese historical wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuanghe
Shuanghe is a county-level city in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is located east of Bole City and southwest of Alashankou and the border with Kazakhstan. Shuanghe governs an area of and has a population of 53,800. Name The name Shuanghe means "two rivers", referring to the Bortala River and Jing River (Tsingho) (). It is named after the Tang dynasty administrative division Shuanghe Dudufu (), which was established in the area in 658 AD. History The city was formerly the settled and cultivated areas of the Fifth Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC). In January 2014, the State Council of China approved the establishment of Shuanghe City and the city was formally established on 26 February 2014. Shuanghe is the seventh city in Xinjiang converted from XPCC land, after Shihezi, Aral, Tumxuk, Wujiaqu Wujiaqu is a sub-prefecture-level city in the northern part of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, about nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yukuk Shad
Yukuk Shad (r. 638–642, died 653) reigned in the final days of the Western Turkic Khaganate. His name ''Yukuk'' means "owl", according to Gumilyov, or means "venerable", according to Gabain. His full title was 乙毗咄陆可汗 or Yipi Duolu Kehan (Zuev's reconstructed Old Turkic: *''Yelbi Turuk Qaghan''). Early days He was the son of Illig Qaghan, ruler of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate and spent his early years there. In 627, he was assigned to suppress a rebellion around Tien shan but was defeated and fled. Invitation from the West After the death of Tong of the Western Turkic Khanate in 628, the central authority of the khagans among the West Turks was challenged by the leaders of the ten tribes collectively known as Onok. However, there was also a competition between the two wings of Onok; i.e., the Dulu and the Nushibi factions. Ishbara Tolis who became the khagan in 634 tried to increase his authority by the support of Nushibi. But his camp was raided and he had t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiao Baoming , Anhui. also an ancient Chinese surname.
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Qiao may refer to: * Qiao (surname), a common pronunciation for some Chinese surnames, such as 喬 and 橋. * Qiao (橋), Chinese character for "bridge". * Qiao (譙), a location in ancient China which corresponds to present-day Bozhou Bozhou () is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Anhui province, China. It borders Huaibei to the northeast, Bengbu to the southeast, Huainan to the south, Fuyang to the southwest, and Henan to the north. Its population was 4,996,844 at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Taizong Of Tang
Emperor Taizong of Tang (28January 59810July 649), previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. He is traditionally regarded as a co-founder of the dynasty for his role in encouraging Li Yuan, his father, to rebel against the Sui dynasty at Jinyang in 617. Taizong subsequently played a pivotal role in defeating several of the dynasty's most dangerous opponents and solidifying its rule over China. Taizong is considered to be one of the greatest emperors in China's history and henceforth, his reign became regarded as the exemplary model against which all future emperors were measured. His era, the "Reign of Zhenguan ()" is considered a golden age in ancient Chinese history and was treated as required studying material for future crown princes. Taizong continued to develop imperial examination systems. He asked his officers to become loyal to the policies not people, in order to eliminate corru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gansu
Gansu (, ; alternately romanized as Kansu) is a province in Northwest China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, in the southeast part of the province. The seventh-largest administrative district by area at , Gansu lies between the Tibetan and Loess plateaus and borders Mongolia ( Govi-Altai Province), Inner Mongolia and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south and Shaanxi to the east. The Yellow River passes through the southern part of the province. Part of Gansu's territory is located in the Gobi Desert. The Qilian mountains are located in the south of the Province. Gansu has a population of 26 million, ranking 22nd in China. Its population is mostly Han, along with Hui, Dongxiang and Tibetan minorities. The most common language is Mandarin. Gansu is among the poorest administrative divisions in China, ranking 31st, last place, in GDP per capita as of 2019. The State of Qin originated in what is now southeastern Gansu and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tang Dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a Golden age (metaphor), golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivaled that of the Han dynasty. The House of Li, Lǐ family () founded the dynasty, seizing power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire and inaugurating a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty was formally interrupted during 690–705 when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne, proclaiming the Zhou dynasty (690–705), Wu Zhou dynasty and becoming the only legitimate Chinese empress regnant. The devast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turks In The Tang Military
The military of the Tang Dynasty was staffed with a large population of Turkic soldiers, referred to as Tujue (突厥) in Chinese sources. Tang elites in northern China were familiar with Turkic culture, a factor that contributed to the Tang acceptance of Turkic recruits. The Tang emperor Taizong adopted the title of "Heavenly Kaghan" and promoted a cosmopolitan empire. Turkic soldiers that served under the Tang dynasty originated from the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. It began with Tang dynasty Emperor Taizong who sent his general Li Jing, eventually ended in defeating the Eastern Turks and capturing their leader Jiali Khan.''New Book of Tang'', vol. 93 . Taizong regularly recruited and promoted military officers of Turkic ancestry, whose steppe experience contributed to the western and northern expansion of the Tang empire. The Turkic general Ashina She'er participated in the Tang capture of the Karakhoja, Karasahr, and Kucha kingdoms in Xinjiang. The half-Turkic general An Lushan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
