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Irrelevant Speech Effect
The irrelevant speech effect (ISE) or irrelevant sound effect is the degradation of serial recall of a list when sounds, especially speech sounds, are presented. This occurs even if the list items are presented visually. The sounds do not need to be a language the participant understands, or even a real language; human speech sounds are sufficient to produce this effect. The theory covers speech as well as music or other background sounds. There have been many studies on this theory and it has been consistently proven that unrelated or irrelevant background sounds inhibits one's ability to perform well at serial recall.Perham, N., Vizard, J. (July 28, 2010). Can preference for background music mediate the irrelevant sound effect? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2010; DOI: 10.1002/acp.1731. Retrieved 2022-06-04. Interference hypothesis It is possible that the visual stimuli (the list of items) is held in working memory Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serial Position Effect
Serial-position effect is the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst. The term was coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus through studies he performed on himself, and refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall), people tend to begin recall with the end of the list, recalling those items best (the recency effect). Among earlier list items, the first few items are recalled more frequently than the middle items (the primacy effect). One suggested reason for the primacy effect is that the initial items presented are most effectively stored in long-term memory because of the greater amount of processing devoted to them. (The first list item can be rehearsed by itself; the second must be rehearsed along with the first, the third along with the first and second, and so on.) The primacy effect is reduced when items ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Working Memory
Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily. It is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behavior. Working memory is often used synonymously with short-term memory, but some theorists consider the two forms of memory distinct, assuming that working memory allows for the manipulation of stored information, whereas short-term memory only refers to the short-term storage of information. Working memory is a theoretical concept central to cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and neuroscience. History The term "working memory" was coined by Miller, Galanter, and Pribram, and was used in the 1960s in the context of theories that likened the mind to a computer. In 1968, Atkinson and Shiffrin used the term to describe their "short-term store". What we now call working memory was formerly referred to variously as a "short-term store" or short-term memory, primary memory, immediate memory, operant memo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baddeley's Model Of Working Memory
Baddeley's model of working memory is a model of human memory proposed by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch in 1974, in an attempt to present a more accurate model of primary memory (often referred to as short-term memory). Working memory splits primary memory into multiple components, rather than considering it to be a single, unified construct. Baddeley & Hitch proposed their three-part working memory model as an alternative to the short-term store in Atkinson & Shiffrin's 'multi-store' memory model (1968). This model is later expanded upon by Baddeley and other co-workers to add a fourth component, and has become the dominant view in the field of working memory. However, alternative models are developing, providing a different perspective on the working memory system. The original model of Baddeley & Hitch was composed of three main components: the ''central executive'' which acts as a supervisory system and controls the flow of information from and to its ''slave systems'': the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memory & Cognition
''Memory & Cognition'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering cognitive science. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Psychonomic Society and was established in 1973. The editor-in-chief is Ayanna Thomas (Tufts University). Abstracting and indexing information The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2014 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as ... of 2.457. References External links * Cognitive science journals English-language journals Publications established in 1973 Springer Science+Business Media academic journals {{Psych-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
