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Iranian Legislative Election, 1996
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 8 March 1996, with a second round on 19 April. The Combatant Clergy Association and its allies emerged as the largest bloc in the Majlis, winning 110 of the 270 seats. Electoral system The constitution approved in a December 1979 referendum provided for a 270-seat Majlis, with five seats reserved for minority groups including Jews, Zorastrians, Armenians from the north and south of the country and one jointly elected by Assyrians and Chaldeans.Iran IPU The elections were conducted using a , with the number of candidates progressing to the second round being double the number of seats available. Candidates required an absolute majority to win a seat i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Iranian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 10 April 1992, with a second round on 8 May. The elections were the first parliamentary elections held in Iran since the death of Ayatollah Khomeini and during Ali Khamenei's leadership. It marked a rivalry between the two main organizations at the time, the right-wing Combatant Clergy Association (supporters of President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani) and the left-wing Association of Combatant Clerics. The results marked a victory for the right-wingers who obtained an absolute majority with more than 70 percent of the seats. Campaign Main groups contesting in the elections were: * Combatant Clergy Association, endorsed by Islamic Aligned Organizations * Association of Combatant Clerics, backed by the Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic and Coalition of Imam's Line groups, including student association Office for Strengthening Unity and trade union Worker House. Freedom Movement of Iran, the political group led by Mehdi Bazarg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Islamic Republic Of Iran
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران, ''Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran'') was December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum, adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906. It has been 1989 Iranian constitutional referendum, amended once, on 28 July 1989. The constitution has been called a "Hybrid regime, hybrid" of "theocratic and democratic elements". Articles One and Two vest sovereignty in God; but article Six "mandates popular elections for the presidency and the Majlis, or parliament." However, main democratic procedures and rights are subordinate to the Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader of Iran, Supreme Leader, whose powers are spelled out in Chapter Eight (Articles 107–112). History It is said that an early draft was written in Paris by Ruhollah Khomeini during his exile there before the overthrow of the Pahlavi d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nation Party Of Iran
Party of the Iranian Nation (or Nation Party of Iran, Iran Nation Party; fa, حزب ملت ایران, Ḥezb-e Mellat-e Irān) is "a small opposition" party in Iran advocating establishment of a secular democracy. Although the party is technically illegal, it still operates inside Iran.Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Iran: Update to IRN28431.E of 23 December 1997on the Nation of Iran Party ("Hezb-e Mellat-e Iran", the National Front, the Iranian Nation Party, the Iranian National Party, Party of the People of Iran), and the deaths of Dariush (Daryush) and Paravaneh (Paravanah) Foruhar (Forouhar, Forohar), 1 February 2000, IRN33708.E, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ad5320.html ccessed 29 October 2016 Founded in 1951 by Dariush Forouhar, the party had a few hundred members, mostly high-school students, and was a member of National Front until the Iranian Revolution, however it did not carry much weight in the leadership of the front. The party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Front (Iran)
The National Front of Iran ( fa, جبهه ملی ایران, Jebhe-ye Melli-ye Irân) is an opposition political organization in Iran, founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1949. It is the oldest and arguably the largest pro-democracy group operating inside Iran despite having never been able to recover the prominence it had in the early 1950s. Initially, the front was an umbrella organization for a broad spectrum of forces with nationalist, liberal-democratic, socialist, ''bazaari'', secular and Islamic tendencies, that mobilized to successfully campaign for the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. In 1951, the Front formed a government which was deposed by the 1953 Iranian ''coup d'état'' and subsequently repressed. Members attempted to revive the Front in 1960, 1965 and 1977. Before 1953 and throughout the 1960s, the Front was torn by strife between secular and religious elements; over time its coalition split into various squabbling factions, with the Front gradually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Movement Of Iran
The Freedom Movement of Iran (FMI) or Liberation Movement of Iran (LMI; fa, نهضت آزادی ايران, Nahżat-e āzādi-e Irān) is an Iranian pro-democracy political organization founded in 1961, by members describing themselves as "Muslims, Iranians, Constitutionalists and Mossadeghists". It is the oldest party still active in Iran and has been described as a "semi-opposition" or "loyal opposition" party. It has also been described as a "religious nationalist party". The organization was split to the National Front (II), its establishment was supported by Mohammad Mossadegh. It then applied for the membership in the front with a platform advocating national sovereignty, freedom of political activity and expression, social justice under Islam, respect for Iran's constitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the Charter of the United Nations. It believes in the separation of religion and state, while that political activity should be guided by religious valu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coalition Of Imam's Line Groups
Coalition of Imam's Line groups ( fa, ائتلاف گروههای خط امام, E'telāf-e Goruhhā-ye Khatt-e Emām) was an Iranian political alliance active in 1990s, consisting of Islamic radical leftist groups later emerging current reformists. An ally of Association of Combatant Clerics, the coalition endorsed their list for the 1992 parliamentary election and issued its own list for 1996 elections. Ideology Economically, the group opposed privatization and emphasized social justice, equal distribution of wealth, state control over economy using continuation of subsidy and rationing. In foreign policy, they supported export of the revolution, support of Islamic movements abroad and confrontation with the United States. Member groups Members of the alliance were: *Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization *Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society * Islamic Association of Engineers *Islamic Association of Teachers *Islamic Association of Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association For Defence Of Revolution Values
Association for Defence of Islamic Revolution Values ( fa, جمعیت دفاع از ارزشهای انقلاب اسلامی; Jam`īyat-e Defā` az Arzeshhā-ye Enqelāb-e Eslāmī) was a neo-principlist political party in Iran, founded by Mohammad Reyshahri. The party was defeated in the 1996 parliamentary and the 1997 presidential elections. The party's line was similar to those of the Combatant Clergy Association, and its core members were former counterparts of Reyshahri at the Ministry of Intelligence. Ali Akbar Aboutorabi Fard, Ruhollah Hosseinian, Mohammad Shariatmadari Mohammad Shariatmadari (born 24 June 1960) is an Iranian politician and former Minister of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare. He was in position of minister of Industry, from 2017 to 2018. He also served as minister of commerce from 1997 to ..., Ahmad Pournejati and Ali Razini were among notable members. References 1996 establishments in Iran Political parties established in 1996 1999 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front Of Followers Of The Line Of The Imam And The Leader
Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader ( fa, جبهه پیروان خط امام (ره) و رهبری), formerly known as Islamic Aligned Organizations ( fa, تشکلهای اسلامی همسو) is a Coalition of Iranian Principlist political groups. The group which consists of a wide range of traditional conservative parties, is active since administration of Mohammad Khatami, and is aligned with The Two Societies. The coalition was the main conservative electoral list for the 2000 Iranian legislative election,Elections held in 2000 IPU but became part of United Front of Conservatives' list for the |
Iran (newspaper)
''Iran'' ( fa, ایران) is the official daily newspaper of the government of Iran. Profile ''Iran'' was launched in 1995. The Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) owns and publishes ''Iran''. Iran's affiliated website is Iran Network. IRNA also publishes ''Iran Daily'', an English-language daily newspaper, ''Alvefagh'', an Arabic newspaper, ''Irane varzeshi'', a sport daily newspaper, and ''Irane Sepid'' for blind people. The newspaper supports the policies of the government and is described as a pro-government conservative daily. The daily was managed by Mosayeb Naeemi during the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Following the 2013 presidential election Mohammad Taqi Roghaniha, CEO of Iran Cultural and Press Institute (ICPI), was appointed manager of the daily. Bans ''Iran'' was closed down by the Press Supervisory Board in May 2006 following its publication a caricature which was deemed to be "divisive and provocative". The caricature which mocked Azeris caused stir among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-round System
The two-round system (TRS), also known as runoff voting, second ballot, or ballotage, is a voting method used to elect a single candidate, where voters cast a single vote for their preferred candidate. It generally ensures a majoritarian result, not a simple plurality result as under First past the post. Under the two-round election system, the election process usually proceeds to a second round only if in the first round no candidate received a simple majority (more than 50%) of votes cast, or some other lower prescribed percentage. Under the two-round system, usually only the two candidates who received the most votes in the first round, or only those candidates who received above a prescribed proportion of the votes, are candidates in the second round. Other candidates are excluded from the second round. The two-round system is widely used in the election of legislative bodies and directly elected presidents, as well as in other contexts, such as in the election of politica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assyrians In Iran
Assyrians in Iran ( syr, ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܕܐܝܼܪܵܢ), ( fa, آشوریان ایران), are an ethnic and linguistic minority in present-day Iran. The Assyrians of Iran speak Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, a neo-Aramaic language descended from Classical Syriac and elements of Akkadian, and are Eastern Rite Christians belonging mostly to the Assyrian Church of the East and also to the Ancient Church of the East, Assyrian Pentecostal Church, Chaldean Catholic Church and Assyrian Evangelical Church. They share a common history and ethnic identity, rooted in shared linguistic, cultural and religious traditions, with Assyrians in Iraq, Assyrians in Turkey and Assyrians in Syria, as well as with the Assyrian diaspora. The Assyrian community in Iran numbered approximately 200,000 prior to the Islamic Revolution of 1979. In 1987, there were an estimated 50,000 Assyrians living in Tehran. However, after the revolution many Assyrians left the country, primarily for the United States; the 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Armenians
Iranian-Armenians ( hy, իրանահայեր ''iranahayer''), also known as Persian-Armenians ( hy, պարսկահայեր ''parskahayer''), are Iranians of Armenian ethnicity who may speak Armenian as their first language. Estimates of their number in Iran range from 70,000 to 200,000. Areas with a high concentration of them include Tabriz, Tehran, Salmas and Isfahan's Jolfa (Nor Jugha) quarter. Armenians have lived for millennia in the territory that forms modern-day Iran. Many of the oldest Armenian churches, monasteries, and chapels are located within modern-day Iran. Iranian Armenia, which includes modern-day Armenian Republic was part of Qajar Iran up to 1828. Iran had one of the largest populations of Armenians in the world alongside neighboring Ottoman Empire until the beginning of the 20th century. Armenians were influential and active in the modernization of Iran during the 19th and 20th centuries. After the Iranian Revolution, many Armenians emigrated to Armen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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