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Interwar Unemployment And Poverty In The United Kingdom
Interwar unemployment and poverty in the United Kingdom describes a period of poverty in Interwar Britain between the end of the First World War in 1918 and the start of the Second World War in 1939. Unemployment was the dominant issue of British society during the interwar years. Unemployment levels rarely dipped below 1,000,000 and reached a peak of more than 3,000,000 in 1933, a figure which represented more than 20% of the working population. The unemployment rate was even higher in areas including South Wales and Liverpool. The Government extended unemployment insurance schemes in 1920 to alleviate the effects of unemployment. Causes There were several reasons for the decline in industry after the First World War. The end of the war brought a boom. In the shipping industry, businesses expanded rapidly in order to take advantage of the increase in demand. However, the boom was short-lived and this rapid expansion caused a slump from oversupply. Structural weaknesses in the Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyldesley Miners Outside The Miners Hall During The 1926 General Strike
Tyldesley () is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, it is north of Chat Moss near the foothills of the West Pennine Moors, southeast of Wigan and northwest of Manchester. At the United Kingdom Census 2001, the Tyldesley built-up area, excluding Shakerley, had a population of 16,142. The remains of a Roman road passing through the township on its ancient course between ''Coccium'' (Wigan) and ''Mamucium'' (Manchester) were evident during the 19th century. Following the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain, Tyldesley was part of the manor of Warrington, until the Norman conquest of England, when the settlement constituted a township called Tyldesley-with-Shakerley in the ancient parish of Leigh. The factory system and textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution triggered population growth and urbanisation, and by the early 20th century it was said that the mill town was "e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unemployment Grants Committee
Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period. Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, which is the number of people who are unemployed as a percentage of the labour force (the total number of people employed added to those unemployed). Unemployment can have many sources, such as the following: * new technologies and inventions * the status of the economy, which can be influenced by a recession * competition caused by globalization and international trade * policies of the government * regulation and market Unemployment and the status of the economy can be influenced by a country through, for example, fiscal policy. Furthermore, the monetary authority of a country, such as the central bank, can influence the availability and cost for money through its monetary p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unemployment Insurance Act 1930
The Unemployment Insurance Act 1930 was passed in the United Kingdom in response to the economic problems emerging due to the Wall Street Crash The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. It started in September and ended late in October, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange colla ... and Great Depression. It substantially reformed the benefits system and abolished the rule that those claiming benefits must genuinely be seeking work. The changes made by the Act to the Unemployment Insurance Acts 1920 to 1929 were temporary, section 20(7) and (8) providing that they only had effect from 13 March 1930 until 30 June 1933.Unemployment Insurance Act 1930, section 20. It was continued in force until 30 June 1934 by the Unemployment Insurance (Expiring Enactments) Act 1933. References Insurance legislation United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1930 1930s economic history Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unemployment Insurance Act 1924
The Unemployment Insurance Act 1924 was passed when the British Labour Party was in power in 1924. The Act arose from a dispute over the means testing A means test is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do without that help. Canada In Canada, means tests are use ... of benefits. The Labour Cabinet disagreed on whether means testing should be abolished or whether such a move would prove too costly. The compromise was that the test for receiving benefits would be whether a person was "genuinely seeking work". The 1924 Act extended to "genuinely seeking work" test to all benefited claims. {{cite web, url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/reform-great-depression.htm , title=Reform and the Great Depression , publisher=The National Archives , date= , accessdate=2012-02-04 References Insurance legislation United Kingdom Acts o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unemployment Insurance Act 1921
The Unemployment Insurance Act 1921 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. The Act stated that under-18s were to receive less unemployment benefits Unemployment benefits, also called unemployment insurance, unemployment payment, unemployment compensation, or simply unemployment, are payments made by authorized bodies to unemployment, unemployed people. In the United States, benefits are fun ... than adults along with women who were to receive less than men.{{cite web, url = http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/so/youthchron/SocialSecurity/pre45socsecurity.htm, url-status = dead, archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20030114191133/http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/so/youthchron/SocialSecurity/pre45socsecurity.htm, archive-date = 2003-01-14, title = Youth Policies in the UK References Insurance legislation United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1921 1921 in economics Unemployment in the United Kingdom Unemployment benefits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unemployment Act 1934
The Unemployment Act 1934 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, reaching statute on 28 June 1934. It reduced the age at which a person entered the National Insurance scheme to 14 and made the claiming age 16 years. It also separated benefits earned by paying National Insurance and those purely based on need. To do this, it established two bodies: the Unemployment Insurance Statutory Committee to deal with unemployment benefits earned by payment of National Insurance when in work; and the Unemployment Assistance Board to provide means-tested A means test is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do without that help. Canada In Canada, means tests are use ... payments for those not entitled to such benefits. The 1934 Unemployment Act also restored the previous 10% cut in unemployment benefits, brought in after the 1931 May Committee. This w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Areas Act 1934
The Special Areas (Development and Improvement) Act was an Act of Parliament which gave aid to the areas of Britain which had the highest unemployment rates in the 1930s. Areas which benefited included South Wales, Tyneside, Cumberland and southern Scotland; but not Lancashire. There were two unpaid commissioners, one for Scotland, one for England and Wales, given responsibility to spend £2 million via the local authorities concerned. A further £3 million was added in 1936, and £3.5 million was included in the estimates for 1937. "The powers of the commissioners included a wide range of activities on general economic development and on social improvement in the Special Areas, but they were expressly precluded by Parliament from giving assistance to private enterprise carried on for gain". The subject of the Special Areas was a main election issue at the 1935 General Election.A. J. P. Taylor, English History 1918-1945 p. 383 The Special Areas (Amendment) Act 1937 The Special Are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unemployment Assistance Board
The Unemployment Assistance Board was a body created in Britain by the Unemployment Act 1934 due to the high levels of inter-war poverty in Britain. The Board kept a system of means-tested benefit A means test is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do without that help. Canada In Canada, means tests are use ...s and increased the number of people who could claim relief. References Poverty in the United Kingdom Welfare state in the United Kingdom 1934 establishments in the United Kingdom 1934 in politics Unemployment in the United Kingdom {{UK-gov-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Development (Loan Guarantees And Grants) Act 1929
Development or developing may refer to: Arts *Development hell, when a project is stuck in development *Filmmaking, development phase, including finance and budgeting *Development (music), the process thematic material is reshaped *Photographic development * ''Development'' (album), a 2002 album by Nonpoint Business *Business development, a process of growing a business *Career development *Corporate development, a position in a business *Energy development, activities concentrated on obtaining energy from natural resources *Green development, a real estate concept that considers social and environmental impact of development *Land development, altering the landscape in any number of ways * Land development bank, a kind of bank in India *Leadership development *New product development * Organization development *Professional development *Real estate development *Research and development *Training and development *Fundraising, also called "development" Biology and medicine * Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramsay MacDonald
James Ramsay MacDonald (; 12 October 18669 November 1937) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the first who belonged to the Labour Party, leading minority Labour governments for nine months in 1924 and again between 1929 and 1931. From 1931 to 1935, he headed a National Government dominated by the Conservative Party and supported by only a few Labour members. MacDonald was expelled from the Labour Party as a result. MacDonald, along with Keir Hardie and Arthur Henderson, was one of the three principal founders of the Labour Party in 1900. He was chairman of the Labour MPs before 1914 and, after an eclipse in his career caused by his opposition to the First World War, he was Leader of the Labour Party from 1922. The second Labour Government (1929–1931) was dominated by the Great Depression. He formed the National Government to carry out spending cuts to defend the gold standard, but it had to be abandoned after the Invergordon Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Assistance Committees
A Public Assistance Committee (PAC), in the UK, was a body locally created after the abolition of the boards of guardians in 1930 by the Local Government Act 1929, when their powers and responsibilities for poor relief were passed to county and county borough councils, and workhouses In Britain, a workhouse () was an institution where those unable to support themselves financially were offered accommodation and employment. (In Scotland, they were usually known as poorhouses.) The earliest known use of the term ''workhouse' ... were also abolished. PACs were replaced by Social Welfare Committees from 1940; they were themselves wound up from 1948. References Poor Law in Britain and Ireland {{UK-history-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Workhouse
In Britain, a workhouse () was an institution where those unable to support themselves financially were offered accommodation and employment. (In Scotland, they were usually known as poorhouses.) The earliest known use of the term ''workhouse'' is from 1631, in an account by the mayor of Abingdon reporting that "we have erected wthn our borough a workhouse to set poorer people to work". The origins of the workhouse can be traced to the Statute of Cambridge 1388, which attempted to address the labour shortages following the Black Death in England by restricting the movement of labourers, and ultimately led to the state becoming responsible for the support of the poor. However, mass unemployment following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, the introduction of new technology to replace agricultural workers in particular, and a series of bad harvests, meant that by the early 1830s the established system of poor relief was proving to be unsustainable. The New Poor Law of 1834 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
