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Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United) Members
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO; bg, Вътрешна Македонска Революционна Организация (ВМРО), translit=Vatrešna Makedonska Revoljucionna Organizacija (VMRO); mk, Внатрешна Македонска Револуционерна Организација (ВМРО), translit=Vnatrešna Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija (VMRO)), was a secret revolutionary society founded in the Ottoman territories in Europe, that operated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Founded in 1893 in Salonica, it initially aimed to gain autonomy for the Macedonia (region), Macedonia and Adrianople vilayet, Adrianople regions in the Ottoman Empire, however, it later became an agent serving Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgarian interests in Balkan politics. IMRO modeled itself after the earlier Bulgarian Internal Revolutionary Organization of Vasil Levski and accepted its motto "Freedom or Death" (Свобода или смър ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IMORO
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO; bg, Вътрешна Македонска Революционна Организация (ВМРО), translit=Vatrešna Makedonska Revoljucionna Organizacija (VMRO); mk, Внатрешна Македонска Револуционерна Организација, translit=Vnatrešna Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija), was a secret revolutionary society founded in the Ottoman territories in Europe, that operated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Founded in 1893 in Salonica, initially, it aimed to gain autonomy for Macedonia (region), Macedonia and Adrianople Vilajet, Adrianople regions in the Ottoman Empire, however, later it became an agent serving Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgarian interests in Balkan politics. IMRO group modeled itself after the Internal Revolutionary Organization of Vasil Levski and accepted its motto "Freedom or Death" (Свобода или смърть). Starting in 1896 it fought t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomy For Macedonia And Adrianople Regions
Autonomy for the region of Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace within the Ottoman Empire was a concept that arose in the late 19th century and was popular until ca. 1920. The plan was developed among Macedonian and Thracian Bulgarian emigres in Sofia and covered several meanings. Serbia and Greece were totally opposed to that set of ideas while Bulgaria was ambivalent to them. In fact Sofia advocated granting such autonomy as a prelude to the annexation of both areas, as for many Bulgarian emigres it was seen in the same way. History The concept was popularized in 1894 by the statute of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization with its demand for political autonomy of these areas. Initially its membership was restricted only for Bulgarians. It was active in Macedonia, but also in Thrace (the Vilayet of Adrianople). At the eve of the 20th century, it changed its exclusively Bulgarian character and opened it to all Macedonians and Thracians regardless of their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Secret Revolutionary Committee
The Macedonian Secret Revolutionary Committee (MSRC) ( bg, Македонски Таен Революционен Комитет (МТРК) Macedonian: Македонски Таен Револуционерен Комитет(МТРК)) was founded in in Plovdiv. It was developed later in Geneva in a secret, anarchistic, brotherhood called "Geneva group". The Bulgarian anarchist movement grew in the 1890s, and the territory of Principality of Bulgaria became a staging-point for anarchist activities against the Ottomans. Its activists were the students Michail Gerdjikov, Petar Mandjukov, Petar Sokolov, Slavi Merdjanov, Dimitar Ganchev, Konstantin Antonov and others. In 1893 they started in Plovdiv revolutionary activity as founders of the MSRC, which was proclaimed there in 1895. At the end of 1897 part of the group moved to Switzerland (Lozana and Geneva), where it made close connections with the revolutionary immigration and founded in 1898 the so-called ''Geneva group' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United)
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United) (1925–1936) ( Bulgarian: Вътрешна македонска революционна организация - обединена, ''Vatreshna makedonska revolyucionna organizatsiya - Obedinena''; Macedonian: Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација (обединета), ''Vnatrešna makedonska revolucionerna organizacija (obedineta)''), commonly known in English as IMRO (United), was the name of a revolutionary political organization active across the entire geographical region of Macedonia. History IMRO (United) was founded in 1925 in Vienna after the failure of the May Manifesto by the left wing of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia (2019), Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Dimitar Bechev; Rowman & Littlefield, , pp. 148-149 It was under the leadership of several Bulgarians as Dimitar Vlahov, Pave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood
The Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood ('' bg, :Българско тайно революционно братство'') was organized from a small group of Bulgarian conservatives, adherents of evolutionary methods of struggle, in Salonica. In 1897, in the face of the growing power of Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), these moderates, led by Ivan Garvanov, who was then a teacher at the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki, set up a rival organization, called Revolutionary Brotherhood, which entered into friendly relations with the Macedonian Supreme Committee and began setting up branches in various towns throughout Macedonia and Southern Thrace. Inevitably, the Brotherhood clashed with the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees (BMARC), and there were even mutual attempts at assassination, although nobody was actually killed. When Boris Sarafov was elected to the leadership of the Macedonian Supreme Committee, with the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilinden (organization)
Ilinden was a veteran unpolitical organization established in Sofia in 1921 with branches in a whole of Bulgaria.''Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia'', Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009, , p. 94. It was founded by leaders of the former Internal Macedonian Adrianople Revolutionary Organization, who did not participate into the new Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) founded by Todor Alexandrov after the First World War. It supported the creation of a federal Macedonian state within a future Balkan Federation, which concept was similar to the ideas proclaimed by the Balkan Communist Federation at that time. In 1924 Alexandrov several times spoke with Petar Atsev, then president of the organization, on the occasion of a growing communist propaganda among its members. In 1924 Aleksandrov was killed, but as participants in the conspiracy against him were suspected the leaders of the Ilinden organization. Subsequently, many of them became victim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation
The Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation ( Bulgarian: Вътрешна тракийска революционна организация, ''Vatreshna trakiyska revolutsionna organizatsiya'', ITRO) was a Bulgarian revolutionary organisation active in Western Thrace and southern Bulgaria between 1920 and 1934. Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009, , p. 100. 
The reason for the establishment of ITRO was the deplorable situation of the
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Macedonian Federative Organization
The Macedonian Federative Organization (MFO) ( Bulgarian and Macedonian: Македонска федеративна организация/организација (MFO/МФО) ) was established in Sofia in 1921 by former Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) left wing's activists. History Background Reestablished in 1920, the IMRO became a formidable organization, with Pirin Macedonia as its stronghold. From its secure bases in Bulgaria it launched armed attacks and propaganda campaigns into Northern Greece and Vardar Banovina. Although it appeared as well organized group, it had its own left wing. In the early 1920s, the IMRO split over the ultimate goal of its activity. The right faction led by Alexandar Protogerov sought incorporation of all Macedonian territory into Bulgaria, while the left faction sought an autonomous Macedonia that could join Balkan Federative Republic. In December 1921, left-leaning deserters formed the official ''Macedonian Emigre's Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian People's Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization
The Bulgarian People's Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization ( bg, Българска народна македоно-одринска революционна организация) was a short-lived Bulgarian revolutionary organization from the region of Macedonia. It was created on May 4, 1910 by members of Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization's (SMARO) Solun, Strumica and Ser revolutionary regions, excluding the supporters of Yane Sandanski. A statute and a central committee, led by Hristo Chernopeev and Anton Bozukov, were created shortly after. Some of the other more renowned members of the organization were Tane Nikolov, Apostol Petkov, Georgi Zankov and Dimitar Lyapov. After negotiations in Sofia in 1911, BPMARO united with SMARO.Първанова, Зорка. Възстановяване на въоръжената борба и възстановяването на ВМОРО, в: Национално-освободителното д ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonia For The Macedonians
Macedonia for the Macedonians (; ; ) is a slogan and political concept used during the first half of the 20th century in the region of Macedonia. It aimed to encompass all the nationalities in the area, into a separate supranational entity. History William Gladstone and contemporaris It was raised by the British politician William Ewart Gladstone in 1897, in an often misquoted 1897 citation, when he promoted the idea on some kind of mini-Balkan Federation in this region. Gladstone appealed for the right of self-determination of the peoples who resided in the region, while Britain regarded the creation of an autonomous Macedonia with a Christian governor as a possible solution of the Macedonian issue. On that occasion, the British journalist G. W. Steevens also noted in the preface of the broshure containing the letter of Gladstone, that he has used "Macedonians" as a collective name of the diverse population of the region. Steevens explained that there were at least six differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Macedonia (IMRO)
Independent Macedonia was a conceptual project of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) to create an independent Macedonia, during the interwar period. History Prelude The predecessor of the concept of ''Independent Macedonia'' appeared initially in the late 19th century as variant called '' autonomous Macedonia'' in the documents of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization. The organization was founded in 1893 in Ottoman Thessaloniki by a small band of anti-Ottoman Macedono-Bulgarian revolutionaries. The idea then was strictly political and did not imply a secession from Bulgarian ethnicity, but unity of all nationalities in the area, then under Ottoman control. During the Balkan Wars and the First World War the organization supported the Bulgarian army and joined to Bulgarian war-time authorities when they temporarily took control over mosts of Thrace and Macedonia. In this period autonomism as a political tactic was abandoned an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Bulgaria
The Tsardom of Bulgaria ( bg, Царство България, translit=Tsarstvo Balgariya), also referred to as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom ( bg, Трето Българско Царство, translit=Treto Balgarsko Tsarstvo, links=no), sometimes translated in English as Kingdom of Bulgaria ( bg, Крáлство България, Kralstvo Balgariya, links=no), was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October ( O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a Tsardom. Ferdinand, founder of the royal family, was crowned a Tsar at the Declaration of Independence, mainly because of his military plans and for seeking options for unification of all lands in the Balkans region with an ethnic Bulgarian majority (lands that had been seized from Bulgaria and given to the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Berlin). The state was almost constantly at war throughout its existence, lending to its nickname as "th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
