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Instytut Sobieskiego
Instytut Sobieskiego (The Sobieski Institute) is a think tank founded in Poland in 2004, known for its political advocacy of the Polish conservative political movement. The Poland's social conservative party Law and Justice , which governed Poland from 2005 to 2007 and which won Poland's 2015 general elections, was inspired by many ideas and projects proposed by the Sobieski Institute. It is committed to a conservative, liberal state, with strony focus on free market and new technologies, Polish strong presence within the European Union and is an advocate of economic freedom. The main areas of interest of its experts and analysts are security and defense policy, energy policy, international relations, law, public finance and information and communication technologies. It publishes reports and comment on economy, law proposals and innovation strategies of Poland and European Union. Used to publish journal ''Międzynarodowy Przęgląd Polityczny'' (''The International Political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Think Tank
A think tank, or policy institute, is a research institute that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture. Most think tanks are non-governmental organizations, but some are semi-autonomous agencies within government or are associated with particular political parties, businesses or the military. Think-tank funding often includes a combination of donations from very wealthy people and those not so wealthy, with many also accepting government grants. Think tanks publish articles and studies, and even draft legislation on particular matters of policy or society. This information is then used by governments, businesses, media organizations, social movements or other interest groups. Think tanks range from those associated with highly academic or scholarly activities to those that are overtly ideological and pushing for particular policies, with a wide range among them in terms of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Finance
Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy. It is the branch of economics that assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of one or the other to achieve desirable effects and avoid undesirable ones. The purview of public finance is considered to be threefold, consisting of governmental effects on: # The efficient allocation of available resources; # The distribution of income among citizens; and # The stability of the economy. Economist Jonathan Gruber has put forth a framework to assess the broad field of public finance. Gruber suggests public finance should be thought of in terms of four central questions: # When should the government intervene in the economy? To which there are two central motivations for government intervention, Market failure and redistribution of income and wealth. # How might the government intervene? Once the decision is made to intervene the government must ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Think Tanks Established In 2004
In their most common sense, the terms thought and thinking refer to conscious cognitive processes that can happen independently of sensory stimulation. Their most paradigmatic forms are judging, reasoning, concept formation, problem solving, and deliberation. But other mental processes, like considering an idea, memory, or imagination, are also often included. These processes can happen internally independent of the sensory organs, unlike perception. But when understood in the widest sense, any mental event may be understood as a form of thinking, including perception and unconscious mental processes. In a slightly different sense, the term ''thought'' refers not to the mental processes themselves but to mental states or systems of ideas brought about by these processes. Various theories of thinking have been proposed, some of which aim to capture the characteristic features of thought. ''Platonists'' hold that thinking consists in discerning and inspecting Platonic forms and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2004 Establishments In Poland
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. In mathematics Four is the smallest composite number, its proper divisors being and . Four is the sum and product of two with itself: 2 + 2 = 4 = 2 x 2, the only number b such that a + a = b = a x a, which also makes four the smallest squared prime number p^. In Knuth's up-arrow notation, , and so forth, for any number of up arrows. By consequence, four is the only square one more than a prime number, specifically three. The sum of the first four prime numbers two + three + five + seven is the only sum of four consecutive prime numbers that yields an odd prime number, seventeen, which is the fourth super-prime. Four lies between the first proper pair of twin primes, three and five, which are the first two Fermat primes, like seventeen, which is the third. On the other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narodowy Bank Polski
The Narodowy Bank Polski (; the National Bank of Poland), often abbreviated to NBP, is the central bank of Poland, founded in 1945. It controls the issuing of Poland's currency, the Polish złoty. The bank is headquartered in Warsaw, and has branches in 16 major Polish cities. The NBP represents Poland in the European System of Central Banks, an EU organization. History Although the bank has existed under its current name since 1945, it is a continuation of two previous central banks, both named simply Bank of Poland (''Bank Polski''). The first one was founded in Warsaw in 1828 by Prince Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki. An institution of the government of the Kingdom of Poland, it was entitled with issuance of the Polish currency as well as control over the credit rates. It was also entitled with a concession to operate foreign currencies and buy off credits issued by foreign companies and banks. During the Second World War the gold reserves of Poland were transferred to Rom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paweł Szałamacha
Paweł Włodzimierz Szałamacha (born 24 January 1969, in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland) is a Polish politician, member of the National Bank of Poland Management Board, and a former Minister of Finance. He was a deputy minister at the Ministry of State Treasury in the years 2005–2007, and a member of the Sejm in the years 2011– 2015. Szałamacha was the Minister of Finance, in office 16 November 2015 to 28 September 2016. He graduated from the Faculty of Law and Administration of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, received a Master of Laws in European Union law from the College of Europe and a mid-career Master of Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high .... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paweł Soloch
Paweł Krzysztof Soloch (born 3 February 1962, Szczecin) is a Polish politician and official. Since August 2023 he represents Poland as the Ambassador to Romania. Prior to that, he was the Head of the National Security Bureau (2015–2022). Life Soloch attended high school in Szczecin. In 1989, he graduated from the Faculty of History at the University of Warsaw. He completed postgraduate studies at the Institut De Hautes Etudes En Administration Publique in Lausanne (1990–1991) and École nationale d'administration, Strasbourg-Paris (1994–1995). In 1989, he worked in the National Electoral Office of the Solidarity Citizens' Committee. From 1990 to 1992, he worked as a specialist at the Foundation for the Development of Local Democracy. Between 1992 and 1998, he worked for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Department of Security Policy, and the Ministry of Defence, the Defence Policy Office and the Strategic Studies Department. From 1998 to 1999, he was adviser to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Stock Exchange
The Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), pl, Giełda Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie, is a stock exchange in Warsaw, Poland. It has a market capitalization of PLN 1.05 trillion (EUR 232 billion; as of December 23, 2020). The WSE is a member of the Federation of European Securities Exchanges. On 17 December 2013, the WSE also joined the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges (SSE) initiative. History Kingdom of Poland Warsaw became the capital and financial center of Poland in the early 17th century. In the Middle Ages other Polish towns, most of them members of the Hanse, were the leading economic centers of Poland. Merchants from western and southern Europe settled in Poland since the beginning of Polish statehood. They brought the system of organized exchange trading in securities, mostly bills and currencies, to Poland. The oldest Polish bill was issued in 1243 by the Cuyavien bishop Sambor. The main centers of securities tradings were at the lower Vistula, in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marek Dietl , also spelled Merek, a village in Iran
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Marek is the West Slavic (Czech, Polish and Slovak) masculine equivalent of Marcus, Marc or Mark. The name may refer to: * Marek (given name) * Marek (surname) * Marek, the pseudonym of Bulgarian communist Stanke Dimitrov (1889–1944) * The title character of '' Oberinspektor Marek'', an Austrian television series See also * * Marek's disease * VC Marek Union-Ivkoni, Bulgarian professional men's volleyball team, based in Dupnitsa * Marek i Wacek (meaning Marek and Wacek), a musical duo of Polish pianists Marek Tomaszewski and Wacław "Wacek" Kisielewski * Marrick * Merrick (other) * Mereg Mereg ( fa, مرگ; also known as Mark, Merek, Merk, and Mirg) is a village in Sarkal Rural District, in the Central District of Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. As of the 2006 census, it had a population of 372, distributed among 80 f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoconservative
Neoconservatism is a political movement that began in the United States during the 1960s among liberal hawks who became disenchanted with the increasingly pacifist foreign policy of the Democratic Party and with the growing New Left and counterculture of the 1960s, particularly the Vietnam protests. Some also began to question their liberal beliefs regarding domestic policies such as the Great Society. Neoconservatives typically advocate the promotion of democracy and interventionism in international affairs, including peace through strength, and are known for espousing disdain for communism and political radicalism. Prominent neoconservatives in the George W. Bush administration included Paul Wolfowitz, Elliott Abrams, Richard Perle and Paul Bremer. While not identifying as neoconservatives, senior officials Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld listened closely to neoconservative advisers regarding foreign policy, especially the defense of I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information And Communication Technologies
Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual, that enable users to access, store, transmit, understand and manipulate information. ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audiovisuals and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives to merge the telephone networks with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution, and management. ICT is an umbrella term that includes any communication device, encompassing radio, television, cell phones, computer and network hardware, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and appliances with them such as video conferencing an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Relations
International relations (IR), sometimes referred to as international studies and international affairs, is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors, such as intergovernmental organisations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organisations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs). There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, liberalism, and constructivism. International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science, along with comparative politics and political theory. However, it often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history. While international politics has been analyzed since antiq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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