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Institute Of Medicine Equation
The Institute of Medicine Equation was published in September 2002. It is the equation which is behind the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the new food pyramid, MyPyramid. The Institute of Medicine equation uses a different approach to most others. The equation doesn't measure basal metabolic rate, but uses experiments based on doubly labelled water. The scientists at the Institute of Medicine said in their report that the factorial method tended to underestimate calorie expenditure. Equations The Estimated Energy Requirement, \text, is the estimated number of daily kilocalories, or Calories, an individual requires in order to maintain his or her current weight. For a person with a body mass of m (kg), height of h (m), age of a (years) and Physical Activity \text, this is given by *Adult Men: \text=662-(9.53 \times a)+ \text \times ((15.91 \times m)+(539.6 \times h)) *Adult Women: \text=354-(6.91 \times a)+\text\times ((9.36 \times m)+(726 \times h)) *Boys Age 3-18: \t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Center For Nutrition Policy And Promotion
The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) is an agency in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, created on December 1, 1994, to improve the health and well-being of Americans by establishing national dietary guidelines based on the best science available. CNPP promotes dietary guidance by linking scientific research to the nutritional needs of the American public through the function of USDA's Nutrition Evidence Library, which it created and manages. The Center serves as the administrative agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for the issuance of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which provide evidence-based advice for people 2 years and older about how good dietary habits can promote health and reduce the risk for major chronic diseases. However, as a result of conflicts of interest, the Guidelines sometimes favor the interests of the food and drug industries over the public's interest in accurate and impartial dietary advice. The 2015-2020 Dietary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MyPyramid
MyPyramid, released by the USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion on April 19, 2005, was an update on the earlier American food guide pyramid. It was used until June 2, 2011, when the USDA's MyPlate replaced it. The icon stresses activity and moderation along with a proper mix of food groups in one's diet. As part of the MyPyramid food guidance system, consumers were asked to visit the MyPyramid website for personalized nutrition information. Significant changes from the previous food pyramid include: * Inclusion of a new symbol—a person on the stairs—representing physical activity. * Measuring quantities in cups and ounces instead of servings. MyPyramid was designed to educate consumers about a lifestyle consistent with the January 2005 ''Dietary Guidelines for Americans'', an 80-page document. The guidelines, produced jointly by the USDA and Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), represented the official position of the U.S. government and served as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal Metabolic Rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of food energy, energy expenditure per unit time by endotherm, endothermic animals at rest. It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O2/min or joule per hour per kg body mass J/(h·kg). Proper measurement requires a strict set of criteria to be met. These criteria include being in a physically and psychologically undisturbed state and being in a Thermal neutral zone, thermally neutral environment while in the post-absorptive state (i.e., not actively digesting food). In Bradymetabolism, bradymetabolic animals, such as fish and reptiles, the equivalent term standard metabolic rate (SMR) applies. It follows the same criteria as BMR, but requires the documentation of the temperature at which the metabolic rate was measured. This makes BMR a variant of standard metabolic rate measurement that excludes the temperature data, a practice that has led to problems in defining "standard" rates of metabolism for ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doubly Labeled Water
Doubly labeled water is water in which both the hydrogen and the oxygen have been partly or completely replaced (i.e. ''labeled'') with an uncommon isotope of these elements for tracing purposes. In practice, for both practical and safety reasons, almost all recent applications of the "doubly labeled water" method use water labeled with heavy but non-radioactive forms of each element (deuterium and oxygen-18). In theory, radioactive heavy isotopes of the elements could be used for such labeling; this was the case in many early applications of the method. In particular, doubly labeled water (DLW) can be used for a method to measure the average daily metabolic rate of an organism over a period of time (often also called the Field metabolic rate, or FMR, in non-human animals). This is done by administering a dose of DLW, then measuring the elimination rates of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the subject over time (through regular sampling of heavy isotope concentrations in body water, by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of Medicine
The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly called the Institute of Medicine (IoM) until 2015, is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The National Academy of Medicine is a part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the National Research Council (NRC). The National Academy of Medicine provides national and international advice on issues relating to health, medicine, health policy, and biomedical science. It aims to provide unbiased, evidence-based, and authoritative information and advice concerning health and science policy to policy-makers, professionals, leaders in every sector of society, and the public at large. Operating outside the framework of the U.S. federal government, it relies on a volunteer workforce of scientists and other experts, operating under a formal peer-review system. As a national academy, the organization a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calorie
The calorie is a unit of energy. For historical reasons, two main definitions of "calorie" are in wide use. The large calorie, food calorie, or kilogram calorie was originally defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin). The small calorie or gram calorie was defined as the amount of heat needed to cause the same increase in one gram of water. Thus, 1 large calorie is equal to 1000 small calories. In nutrition and food science, the term ''calorie'' and the symbol ''cal'' almost always refers to the large unit. It is generally used in publications and package labels to express the energy value of foods in per serving or per weight, recommended dietary caloric intake, metabolic rates, etc. Some authors recommend the spelling ''Calorie'' and the symbol ''Cal'' (both with a capital C) to avoid confusion; however, this convention is often ignored. In physics and chemistry the word ''calorie'' and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equations
In mathematics, an equation is a formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign . The word ''equation'' and its cognates in other languages may have subtly different meanings; for example, in French an ''équation'' is defined as containing one or more variables, while in English, any well-formed formula consisting of two expressions related with an equals sign is an equation. ''Solving'' an equation containing variables consists of determining which values of the variables make the equality true. The variables for which the equation has to be solved are also called unknowns, and the values of the unknowns that satisfy the equality are called solutions of the equation. There are two kinds of equations: identities and conditional equations. An identity is true for all values of the variables. A conditional equation is only true for particular values of the variables. An equation is written as two expressions, connected by an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it may negatively affect health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over ; the range is defined as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower values to calculate obesity. Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity has individual, socioeconomic, and environmental causes. Some known causes are diet, physical activity, automation, urbanization, genetic susceptibility, medications, mental disorders, economic policies, endocrine disorders, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. While a majority of obese individuals at any given time are attempting to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Body Weight
Human body weight is a person's Mass versus weight, mass or weight. Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital Weighing scale, weighing scales. Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight. Average adult human weight varies by continent, from about in Asia and Africa to about in North America, with men on average weighing more than women. Estimation in children There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured. Most involve a parent or health care provider guessing the child's weight through weight-estimation formulas. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harris–Benedict Equation
The Harris–Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR). The estimated BMR value may be multiplied by a number that corresponds to the individual's activity level; the resulting number is the approximate daily kilocalorie intake to maintain current body weight. The Harris-Benedict equation may be used to assist weight loss — by reducing the kilocalorie intake number below the estimated maintenance intake of the equation. Calculating the Harris-Benedict BMR The original Harris–Benedict equations were published in 1918 and 1919. The Harris–Benedict equations revised by Roza and Shizgal in 1984. The 95% confidence range for men is ±213.0 kcal/day, and ±201.0 kcal/day for women. The Harris–Benedict equations revised by Mifflin and St Jeor in 1990: History The Harris-Benedict equation sprang from a study by James Arthur Harris and Francis Gano Benedict, which was published ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schofield Equation
The Schofield Equation is a method of estimating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of adult men and women published in 1985. This is the equation used by the World Health Organization, WHO in their technical report series. The equation that is recommended to estimate BMR by the US Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the Basal metabolic rate#BMR estimation formulas, Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. The equations for estimating Basal metabolic rate, BMR in kJ/day (kilojoules per day) from body mass (kg) are:Energy Requirements of Adults, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation (See table 5.2). Men: Women: The equations for estimating BMR in kcal/day (kilocalories per day) from body mass (kg) are: Men: Women: Key: W = Body weight in kilograms SEE = Standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
