|
Inocybe Geophylla
''Inocybe geophylla'', commonly known as the earthy inocybe, common white inocybe or white fibercap, is a poisonous mushroom of the genus ''Inocybe''. It is widespread and common in Europe and North America, appearing under both conifer and deciduous trees in summer and autumn. The fruiting body is a small all-white or cream mushroom with a fibrous silky umbonate cap and adnexed gills. An all- lilac variety ''lilacina'' is also common. Taxonomy and naming It was first described in 1799 as ''Agaricus geophyllus'' by English naturalist James Sowerby in his work ''Coloured Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms''. Christiaan Hendrik Persoon spelt it ''Agaricus geophilus'' in his 1801 work ''Synopsis methodica fungorum''. Its specific epithet is derived from the Ancient Greek terms ''geo-'' "earth", and ''phyllon'' "leaf". It was given its current binomial name in 1871 by Paul Kummer. A lilac form is known as var. ''lilacina''; it was originally described as ''Agaricus geophyllu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Sowerby
James Sowerby (21 March 1757 – 25 October 1822) was an English naturalist, illustrator and mineralogist. Contributions to published works, such as ''A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland'' or ''English Botany'', include his detailed and appealing plates. The use of vivid colour and accessible texts were intended to reach a widening audience in works of natural history. Biography James Sowerby was born in Lambeth, London, his parents were named John and Arabella. Having decided to become a painter of flowers his first venture was with William Curtis, whose ''Flora Londinensis'' he illustrated. Sowerby studied art at the Royal Academy and took an apprenticeship with Richard Wright. He married Anne Brettingham De Carle and they were to have three sons: James De Carle Sowerby (1787–1871), George Brettingham Sowerby I (1788–1854) and Charles Edward Sowerby (1795–1842), the Sowerby family of naturalists. His sons and theirs were to contribute and continue the enormous vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore Print
300px, Making a spore print of the mushroom ''Volvariella volvacea'' shown in composite: (photo lower half) mushroom cap laid on white and dark paper; (photo upper half) cap removed after 24 hours showing pinkish-tan spore print. A 3.5-centimeter glass slide placed in middle allows for examination of spore characteristics under a microscope. image:spore Print ID.gif, 300px, A printable chart to make a spore print and start identification The spore print is the powdery deposit obtained by allowing spores of a fungal sporocarp (fungi), fruit body to fall onto a surface underneath. It is an important diagnostic character in most handbooks for identifying mushrooms. It shows the colour of the mushroom spores if viewed en masse. Method A spore print is made by placing the spore-producing surface flat on a sheet of dark and white paper or on a sheet of clear, stiff plastic, which facilitates moving the spore print to a darker or lighter surface for improved contrast; for example, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salix Polaris
''Salix polaris'', the polar willow, is a species of willow with a circumpolar distribution in the high arctic tundra, extending north to the limits of land, and south of the Arctic in the mountains of Norway, the northern Ural Mountains, the northern Altay Mountains, Kamchatka, and British Columbia, Canada.Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago''Salix polaris''Plants of British Columbia''Salix polaris''/ref>Den Virtuella Floran/ref> Description One of the smallest willows in the world, it is a prostrate, creeping dwarf shrub, only high, and has underground branches or runners in the uppermost soil layers. The leaves are rounded-ovate, 5–32 mm long and 8–18 mm broad, dark green with entire margins. It is dioecious, with separate female and male plants. The flowers are grouped in short catkins each bearing only a few flowers. The fruit is a brownish and hairy capsule. The long runners with freely rooting stems creep in mats of mosses and lichens, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salix Herbacea
''Salix herbacea'', the dwarf willow, least willow or snowbed willow, is a species of tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae) adapted to survive in harsh arctic and subarctic environments. Distributed widely in alpine and arctic environments around the North Atlantic Ocean, it is one of the smallest of woody plants. Distribution ''Salix herbacea'' is adapted to survive in harsh environments, and has a wide distribution on both sides of the North Atlantic, in arctic northwest Asia, northern Europe, Greenland, and eastern Canada, and further south on high mountains, south to the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Rila in Europe, and the northern Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States. It grows in tundra and rocky moorland, usually at over elevation in the south of its range but down to sea level in the Arctic.Meikle, R. D. (1984). ''Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland''. BSBI Handbook No. 4. .Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago''Salix herbacea''/ref> ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salix Arctica
''Salix arctica'', the Arctic willow, is a tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae). It is adapted to survive in Arctic conditions, specifically tundras. Description ''S. arctica'' is typically a low shrub growing to only in height, rarely to , although it may reach in height in the Pacific Northwest. It has round, shiny green leaves long and broad; they are pubescent, with long, silky, silvery hairs. Like the rest of the willows, Arctic willow is dioecious, with male and female catkins on separate plants. As a result, the plant's appearance varies; the female catkins are red-coloured, while the male catkins are yellow-coloured.Jepson Flora''Salix arctica''/ref> Despite its small size, it is a long-lived plant, growing extremely slowly in the severe arctic climate; one in eastern Greenland was found to be 236 years old. Hybrids with '' Salix arcticola'' and ''Salix glauca'' are known. Distribution and habitat The Arctic willow grows in tundra and rocky moorland, and is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betula Glandulosa
''Betula glandulosa'', the American dwarf birch, also known as resin birch or shrub birch, is a species of birch native to North America. Description American dwarf birch is a multi-stemmed shrub typically growing to tall, often forming dense thickets. The trunks are slender, rarely over diameter, with smooth, dark brown bark. The leaves are nearly circular to oval, long and broad, with a toothed margin. The fruiting catkins are erect, long and broad. It is closely related to the dwarf birch (''Betula nana''), and is sometimes treated as a subspecies of it, as ''B. nana'' subsp. ''glandulosa''. It is distinguished from typical ''B. nana'' by the presence of glandular warts on the shoots and longer leaf petioles. Hybrids with several other birches occur. Distribution and habitat This plant occurs in arctic and cool temperate areas from Alaska east to Newfoundland and southern Greenland, and south at high altitudes to northern California, Colorado, and the Black Hills of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing. It was founded in 1893 to publish scholarly and scientific works by faculty of the University of California, established 25 years earlier in 1868, and has been officially headquartered at the university's flagship campus in Berkeley, California, since its inception. As the non-profit publishing arm of the University of California system, the UC Press is fully subsidized by the university and the State of California. A third of its authors are faculty members of the university. The press publishes over 250 new books and almost four dozen multi-issue journals annually, in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, and maintains approximately 4,000 book titles in print. It is also the digital publisher of Collabra and Luminos open access (OA) initiatives. The University of California Press publishes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Nuda
''Clitocybe nuda'', commonly known as the wood blewit and alternately described as ''Lepista nuda'', is an edible mushroom native to Europe and North America. Described by Pierre Bulliard in 1790, it was also known as ''Tricholoma nudum'' for many years. It is found in both coniferous and deciduous woodlands. It is a fairly distinctive mushroom that is widely eaten, though there is some caution about edibility. Nevertheless, it has been cultivated in Britain, the Netherlands and France. Taxonomy and naming The French mycologist Pierre Bulliard described the wood blewit in his work ''Herbier de la France'' in 1790 as ''Agaricus nudus'', reporting that it was common in the woods all year. He wrote of two varieties: one whose gills and cap are initially light violet and mature to burgundy, while the other has vine-coloured gills that intensify in colour with age. He added that the first variety was often confused with ''Cortinarius violaceus'', though it has a "nude" cap and no spi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laccaria Amethystina
''Laccaria amethystina'', commonly known as the "amethyst deceiver", is a small brightly colored mushroom, that grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. The mushroom itself is edible, but can absorb arsenic from the soil. Because its bright amethyst coloration fades with age and weathering, it becomes difficult to identify, hence the common name "deceiver". This common name is shared with its close relation ''Laccaria laccata'' that also fades and weathers. It is found mainly in Northern temperate zones, though it is reported to occur in tropical Central and South America as well. Recently, some of the other species in the genus have been given the common name of "deceiver". Taxonomy This species was first described in 1778 by well-known English botanist and apothecary William Hudson as ''Agaricus amethystinus'', and later put into the genus ''Laccaria'' by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke. The amethyst deceiver has had many binomials over a great many years, but reference to the amet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarophyllus
''Hygrophorus'' is a genus of agarics (gilled mushrooms) in the family Hygrophoraceae. Called "woodwaxes" in the UK or "waxy caps" (together with '' Hygrocybe'' species) in North America, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically fleshy, often with slimy caps and lamellae that are broadly attached to decurrent. All species are ground-dwelling and ectomycorrhizal (forming an association with living trees) and are typically found in woodland. Around 100 species are recognized worldwide. Fruit bodies of several species are considered edible and are sometimes offered for sale in local markets. Taxonomy History ''Hygrophorus'' was first published in 1836 by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. The generic name is derived from the Greek ῦγρὁς (= moist) + φόρος (= bearer), with reference to the slimy caps found in many species. Fries (1849) subsequently split the genus into three subgenera: ''Limacium'', ''Camarophyllus'', and '' Hygrocybe''. The last of these is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suillus Granulatus
''Suillus granulatus'' is a pored mushroom of the genus ''Suillus'' in the family Suillaceae. It is similar to the related '' S. luteus'', but can be distinguished by its ringless stalk. Like ''S. luteus'', it is an edible mushroom that often grows in a symbiosis (mycorrhiza) with pine. It has been commonly known as the weeping bolete, or the granulated bolete. Previously thought to exist in North America, that species has now been confirmed to be the rediscovered '' Suillus weaverae''. Taxonomy ''Suillus granulatus'' was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as a species of ''Boletus''. It was given its current name by French naturalist Henri François Anne de Roussel when he transferred it to ''Suillus'' in 1796. ''Suillus'' is an ancient term for fungi, and is derived from the word "swine". ''Granulatus'' means "grainy" and refers to the glandular dots on the upper part of the stem. However, in some specimens the glandular dots may be inconspicuous and not dark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricholoma Terreum
''Tricholoma terreum'', commonly known as the grey knight or dirty tricholoma, is a grey-capped mushroom of the large genus ''Tricholoma''. It is found in coniferous woodlands in Europe, and has also been encountered under introduced pine trees in Australia. It is regarded as edible mushroom, edible. A 2014 article speculated that it may be poisonous,Heping XiaFatal toxins found in 'edible' wild mushrooms in: Chemistry World, 16 June 2014 but Sitta ''et al.'' in 2016 published in the same journal a counter article demonstrating the unfounded nature of such speculation. Taxonomy The fungus was originally species description, described as ''Agaricus terreus'' by Jacob Christian Schäffer in 1762, and as ''Agaricus myomyces'' by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794. It was given its current binomial name by German Paul Kummer in 1871. It is commonly known as the grey knight from its discoloured gills. Almost all modern sources consider ''Tricholoma myomyces'' to be a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
