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Inda Sillasie River
Inda Sillasie is a river of northern Ethiopia. It originates at the confluence of May Zegzeg and May Be'ati Rivers in the mountains of Dogu’a Tembien (1970 metres above sea level), and flows southward to Giba River which empties finally in the Tekezé River. Along its couse, it first takes the name Rubaksa River, then Dabba Hadera River, and finally Inda Sillasie River. Hydrography It is a confined river, locally meandering in its narrow alluvial plain, with a slope gradient of 26 metres per kilometre. With its tributaries, the river has cut a deep gorge. Tributaries Main tributaries are * May Zegzeg ** May Harena ** May Sho'ate * May Be'ati River Hydrology Hydrological characteristics The runoff footprint or annual total runoff volume is 13 million m³. Peak discharges up to 172 m³ per second occur in the second part of the rainy season (month of August) when there are strong rains and the soils are saturated with water in many places. The percentage of total rai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dabba Hadera
Dabba may refer to: * Dabba or tiffin carrier, a lunch box used in South Asia * ''The Lunchbox'', working title ''Dabba'', a 2013 Indian film * Dabba (company), a South African telco company * ∂, a mathematical symbol * Beast of the Earth, or ''Dabbat al-Ardḍ'', an apocalyptic creature in Islam See also * Dhaba, the name for a roadside restaurant in South Asia * Daba (other) * Dabbas (other) Dabbas may refer to: * Athanasius II Dabbas (died 1619), Melkite Greek Patriarch of Antioch * Athanasius III Dabbas (1647–1724), Melkite Greek Patriarch of Antioch * Cyril IV Dabbas, Patriarch claimant who contended with Ignatius III Atiyah * ... * Yabba Dabba Doo (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Content
Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood. Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas, and is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the materials' porosity at saturation. It can be given on a volumetric or mass (gravimetric) basis. Definitions Volumetric water content, θ, is defined mathematically as: :\theta = \frac where V_w is the volume of water and V_\text = V_s + V_w + V_a is equal to the total volume of the wet material, i.e. of the sum of the volume of solid host material (e.g., soil particles, vegetation tissue) V_s, of water V_w, and of air V_a. Gravimetric water content is expressed by mass (weight) as follows: :u = \frac where m_w is the mass of water and m_s is the mass of the solids. For materials that change in volume with water content, such as coal, the gravimetric water content, ''u' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Be'ati
Ayninbirkekin is a ''tabia'' or municipality in the Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Literal meaning of Ayninbirkekin in Tigrinya is "We will not bend". The ''tabia'' centre is in Halah village, located approximately 8 km to the east of the ''woreda'' town Hagere Selam. Main town is Ala'isa, situated on the ridge overseeing the Giba valley. Geography The ''tabia'' is located astride a main water divide (that is followed by the main road) and stretches down towards May Zegzeg river at the south and upper Tsaliet River at the north. Three highest places (at around 2600 m a.s.l.) are Meri’a Ziban in the west, Imba Ra’isot in the centre and the escarpment to Arebay at the north. The lowest places are the confluence of May Zegzeg and May Be’ati Rivers (1970 m a.s.l.) in the south and in the north May Leiba River near Iyesus church (2240 m a.s.l.). Geology From the higher to the lower locations, the following geological form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gemgema
Gemgema is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien ''woreda'' of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The area has been protected since 1992 by the local community. Timeline * 1992: established as exclosure by the community * 2017: support by the EthioTrees project Environmental characteristics * Area: 92 ha * Average slope gradient: 59% * Aspect: the exclosure is oriented towards the west * Minimum altitude: 2124 metres * Maximum altitude: 2288 metres * Lithology: Antalo Limestone Management As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Physical soil and water conservation has been implemented to enhance infiltration, and vegetation growth. There are five guards to protect the exclosure. Field observations showed that however some illegal grazing occurred in the exclosure in 2018. Benefits for the community Setting aside such areas fits with the long- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Hib'o
May Hib’o is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien ''woreda'' of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The exclosure holds a 70-metre long cave. Environmental characteristics * Area: 50 ha * Average slope gradient: 35% * Aspect: the exclosure is oriented towards the southwest and the north (both sides of a gorge) * Minimum altitude: 1896 metres * Maximum altitude: 2146 metres * Lithology: Antalo Limestone * 2017: support by the EthioTrees project Management As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Benefits for the community Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were ''hiza’iti'' lands are set aside for use by the future generations. It has also direct benefits for the community: * improved ground water availability * honey production * climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture) * the sequestered carbon (in to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kidmi Gestet
Kidmi Gestet is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien ''woreda'' of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. Environmental characteristics * Area: 46 ha * Average slope gradient: 48% * Minimum altitude: 2015 metres * Maximum altitude: 2131 metres * Lithology: Antalo Limestone * 2017: support by the EthioTrees project Management Cattle ranging and wood harvesting are prohibited in Kidmi Gestet. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Benefits for the community Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities: ''hiza’iti'' lands are set aside for use by the future generations. This also has direct benefits for the community, including: * improved ground water availability * honey production * climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture) * the sequestered carbon is certified using the Plan Vivo voluntary carbon standard, after which carbon credits are sold * the revenues are then reinvested in the v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Addi Meles
Addi Meles is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien ''woreda'' of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The area is protected by the local community. Environmental characteristics * Area: 65 ha * Average slope gradient: 20% * Aspect: the exclosure is oriented, on both sides of a ridge towards the east and the west * Minimum altitude: 2163 metres * Maximum altitude: 2259 metres * Lithology: Antalo Limestone * 2018: support by the EthioTrees project Management As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Physical soil and water conservation has been implemented to enhance infiltration, and vegetation growth. Field observations showed that some illegal grazing occurred in the exclosure in 2018. Benefits for the community Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were ''hiza’iti'' lands are set aside for use by the future ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerial Reconnaissance In World War II
A transformational growth in aerial reconnaissance occurred in the years 1939–45, especially in Britain and then in the United States. It was an expansion determined mostly by trial and error, represented mostly by new tactics, new procedures, and new technology, though rarely by specialized aircraft types. The mission type branched out into many sub-types, including new electronic forms of reconnaissance. In sharp contrast with the case during the pre-war years, by 1945 air reconnaissance was widely recognized as a vital, indispensable component of air power. Pre-war situation In the interwar years, reconnaissance languished as a mission type and tended to be overshadowed by routine aerial mapping. This was despite the growth (in the United States and Britain) of a doctrine of strategic bombardment as the decisive weapon of war. Experience would soon prove that bombing was completely ineffective unless accompanied by intensive aerial reconnaissance. In the 1930s, gradual technic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baseflow
Baseflow (also called drought flow, groundwater recession flow, low flow, low-water flow, low-water discharge and sustained or fair-weather runoff) is the portion of the streamflow that is sustained between precipitation events, fed to streams by delayed pathways. It should not be confused with groundwater flow. Fair weather flow is also called base flow. Importance Baseflow is important for sustaining human centers of population and ecosystems. This is especially true for watersheds that do not rely on snowmelt. Different ecological processes will occur at different parts of the hydrograph. During the baseflow ascending limb, there is frequently more stream area and habitat available for water-dependent species, spawning salmon for example. During the recession limb which in California is from May to October, there is increasingly less stream area, indigenous species are more adept at surviving in low flow conditions than introduced species. Geology Baseflow is derived from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flash Floods
A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical storm, or by meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam, as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889. Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods by having a timescale of fewer than six hours between rainfall and the onset of flooding. Flash floods are a significant hazard, causing more fatalities in the U.S. in an average year than lightning, tornadoes, or hurricanes. Flash floods can also deposit large quantities of sediments on floodplains and can be destructive of vegetation cover not adapted to frequent flood conditions. Causes Flash floods most often occur in dry areas that have recently received precipitation, but they may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sediment Yield
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles. For example, sand and silt can be carried in suspension in river water and on reaching the sea bed deposited by sedimentation; if buried, they may eventually become sandstone and siltstone (sedimentary rocks) through lithification. Sediments are most often transported by water (fluvial processes), but also wind (aeolian processes) and glaciers. Beach sands and river channel deposits are examples of fluvial transport and deposition, though sediment also often settles out of slow-moving or standing water in lakes and oceans. Desert sand dunes and loess are examples of aeolian transport and deposition. Glacial moraine deposits and till are ice-transported sediments. Classification Sediment can be classified based on its grain size, grain shape, and comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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