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Ilija Plamenac
Ilija Plamenac (Cyrillic: Илија Пламенац; 1821 – 6 March 1916) was a Montenegrin '' vojvoda'' and military commander during the Montenegrin–Ottoman Wars of 1862 and 1876–1878. After his victory in the key Battle of Fundina in 1876, he served as Minister of Defence under King Nikola for more than 25 years. Early life and ancestry Ilija Plamenac was born in 1821 in Boljevići, in the region of Crmnica in Monetengro. His father Mihailo Plamenac was a priest. Ilija gained basic literacy in Boljevići, before continuing his elementary education in Cetinje Monastery. He studied under Dimitrije Milaković for over two years. When Milaković was dispatched to St. Petersburg by the Price-Bishop Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, Plamenac studied under Đorđije Petrović-Njegoš. During this time, he witnessed Njegoš's negotiations with Herzegovinian vizier Ali-paša Rizvanbegović in Dubrovnik, during the Battle of Grahovo in 1836. As a young man, Plamenac was ordain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Defence (Montenegro)
{{Montenegro-stub ...
The Ministry of Defence of Montenegro (, МОЦГ, MOCG) is the ministry in the Government of Montenegro that is in charge of the nation's military. List of ministers References External linksMontenegrin Ministry of Defence Defence Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Jure
In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally recognized. Examples Between 1805 and 1914, the ruling dynasty of Egypt were subject to the rulers of the Ottoman Empire, but acted as de facto independent rulers who maintained a polite fiction of Ottoman suzerainty. However, starting from around 1882, the rulers had only de jure rule over Egypt, as it had by then become a British puppet state. Thus, by Ottoman law, Egypt was de jure a province of the Ottoman Empire, but de facto was part of the British Empire. In U.S. law, particularly after ''Brown v. Board of Education'' (1954), the difference between de facto segregation (segregation that existed because of the voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and de jure segregation (segregation that existed because of local laws that m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. The city straddles the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia, and has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of Turkey. Istanbul is the list of European cities by population within city limits, most populous European city, and the world's List of largest cities, 15th-largest city. The city was founded as Byzantium ( grc-gre, Βυζάντιον, ) in the 7th century BCE by Ancient Greece, Greek settlers from Megara. In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome ( grc-gre, Νέα Ῥώμη, ; la, Nova Roma) and then as Constantinople () after himself. The city grew in size and influence, eventually becom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casus Belli
A (; ) is an act or an event that either provokes or is used to justify a war. A ''casus belli'' involves direct offenses or threats against the nation declaring the war, whereas a ' involves offenses or threats against its ally—usually one bound by a mutual defense pact. Either may be considered an A declaration of war usually contains a description of the ''casus belli'' that has led the party in question to declare war on another party. Terminology The term ''casus belli'' came into widespread use in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries through the writings of Hugo Grotius (1653), Cornelius van Bynkershoek (1707), and Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui (1732), among others, and due to the rise of the political doctrine of ''jus ad bellum'' or "just war theory". The term is also used informally to refer to any "just cause" a nation may claim for entering into a conflict. It is used retrospectively to describe situations that arose before the term came into wide use, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herzegovina Uprising (1852–62)
Herzegovina uprising or Herzegovinian uprising may refer to: * Herzegovina uprising (1596–97), fought by Serbs in Herzegovina against the Ottoman Empire, 1596–1597 * Herzegovina uprising (1852–62), fought by Serbs in Herzegovina against the Ottoman Empire, 1852–1862 * Herzegovina uprising (1875–77), fought by Serbs in Herzegovina against the Ottoman Empire, 1875–1877 * June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina, fought by Serbs in eastern Herzegovina against Ustaše in 1941 See also * Herzegovina (other) * Herzegovinian (other) * Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina (other) * Serbian Uprising (other) Serbian Uprising can refer to: * Serbian Uprising of 1594 (in Banat) * Serbian Uprising of 1596 (in Herzegovina) * Serbian Uprising of 1737 (in Raška) * Serbian Uprising of 1788 (in Pomoravlje) * Serbian Uprising of 1804 (in central Serbia) * ... {{disambiguation Herzegovina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Murići
The Battle of Muriq ( sq, Beteja e Muriqit; sr, Битка код Мурића) was a battle between Albanian Malësors from Muriqi (near Shkodra), Skadarska Krajina, (present-day Montenegro) and Montenegrin forces led by Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš in 1861-1862. Montenegrin general Mirko Petrović's forces had planned an attack on the Muriqi region with captains Joko Kusovac, Đoko Pejović and Ilija Plamenac to expand the Principality of Montenegro. The Montenegrins from Krajë, Selca and Krricë were waiting to attack the northern part of Muriqi which was inhabited by Albanians. Captain Iljia Plamenac had 200 soldiers ready. On the other side, Savo Vujović planned an attack south of Muriqi with 400 men from Dupillo, Bercela and Salca. The Montenegrin priest Milo Vojvodić ordered his forces to block all roads from Bar so that reinforcements could not reach the Albanians in Muriqi. The Albanians were victorious in the battle of Muriq 1861 Background Krajë was the borde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skadarska Krajina
Skadarska Krajina ( cyrl, Скадарска Крајина, lit. "Skadar Frontier"), simply known as Krajina ( cyrl, Крајина, ; sq, Kraja) is a geographical region in southeastern Montenegro stretching from the southern coast of Lake Skadar to the mountain of Rumija, comprising several villages. It is inhabited mainly by Albanians, with a minority of Montenegrins and Serbs. The area is divided between the municipalities of Bar and Ulcinj. Based on the last parts of the '' Priest of Duklja'', Krajina was a political centre of Duklja. Jovan Vladimir, the ruler of Duklja (ca. 1000–1016), was interred in the Prečista Krajinska church by his widow Kosara, who was also buried in the church. The oldest published Albanian book, ''Meshari'' ("the Missal"), was written by Albanian Catholic priest Gjon Buzuku who was born in the village of Livari. Geography The region within Montenegro is located from the eastern border with Albania near the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It is l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
True People's Party (historical)
The True People's Party ( sr, Права народна странка, Prava narodna stranka, abbr. ПНС/ PNS), also known as the Pravaši (''Rightists''), was a conservative and royalist political party in the Principality of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Montenegro, founded in 1907. The party represented the government, the rule of the Prince and later on the rule of King Nikola I. The True People's Party was led by Lazar Mijušković and notable party members included Jovan S. Plamenac, Marko Đukanović, Ivo Đurović, Sekula Drljević, Filip Jergović, Krsto Popović, Mitar Martinović and Milutin Vučinić. Montenegrin politics during the time of the party existence was deeply divided on the issue of supporting Nikola I's absolutist rule in order to retain the independence of Montenegro, and for advocating the unification of Montenegro and Serbia under the Karađorđević dynasty, as advocated by the opposition People's Party (NS). History The party was founded in 1907 by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jovan Plamenac
Jovan Simonov Plamenac ( sr-cyrl, Јован Симонов Пламенац; 1873 – 1944) was a Montenegrin and Yugoslav politician. Starting out as a prominent leader of the True People's Party in the Principality of Montenegro, state that would soon transform into a kingdom, Plamenac was a staunch supporter of the country's monarch Prince Nikola Petrović-Njegoš who changed his role to king in 1910. As World War I broke out and King Nikola secretly fled the country after it got invaded by the Central powers, Plamenac denounced the king. Following the war, Plamenac became one of the leaders of the Greens and one of the chief protagonists of the 1919 Christmas Rebellion in opposition to the post-war Montenegrin unification with Serbia and subsequent creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Upon fleeing to Italy in wake of the failed rebellion, Plamenac became head of the Montenegrin authorities in exile. At the post he presided over units of exiled Greens w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danilo I, Prince Of Montenegro
Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš ( sr-cyr, Данило I Петровић-Његош; 25 May 1826 – 13 August 1860) was the ruling Prince of Montenegro from 1851 to 1860. The beginning of his reign marked the transition of Montenegro from an archaic form of government ( Prince-Bishopric) into a secular Principality. He became involved in a war with the Ottoman Empire in 1852, the Porte claiming jurisdiction in Montenegro, and the boundaries between the two countries were not defined until 1858. Danilo, with the help of his elder brother, Voivode Mirko, defeated the Ottomans at Ostrog in 1853 and in the Battle of Grahovac in 1858. The town of Danilovgrad is named after him. Rise to power as Prince When Petar II Petrović-Njegoš died, the Senate, under the influence of Đorđije Petrović (the wealthiest Montenegrin at the time), proclaimed Petar's elder brother Pero Tomov as Prince (not bishop, or ''Vladika''). Nevertheless, in a brief struggle for power, Pero, who commanded th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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