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Ignaty Grinevitsky
Ignacy Hryniewiecki or Ignaty Ioakhimovich Grinevitsky). (russian: Игнатий Гриневицкий, pl, Ignacy Hryniewiecki, be, Ігнат Грынявіцкі; — March 13, 1881) was a Polish member of the Russian revolutionary society Narodnaya Volya. He gained notoriety for participating in the bombing attack to which Tsar Alexander II of Russia succumbed. Hryniewiecki threw the bomb that fatally wounded the Tsar and himself. Having outlived his victim by a few hours, he died the same day. Hryniewiecki and his accomplices believed that the assassination of Alexander II could provoke a political or social revolution to overthrow the tsarist autocracy. Many historians consider the assassination a Pyrrhic victory, since instead of ushering in a revolution, it strengthened the resolve of the state to crush the revolutionary movement, leading to the movement's decline in the 1880s. Hryniewiecki's role in the assassination has sometimes been cited as the earliest occurr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bobruysky Uyezd as their native language.
Bobruysky Uyezd (russian: Бобруйский уезд) was one of the counties of Minsk Governorate and the Governorate-General of Minsk of the Russian Empire and then of Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic with its center in Bobruisk from 1793 until its formal abolition in 1924 by Soviet authorities . Demographics At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Bobruysky Uyezd had a population of 255,935. Of these, 67.4% spoke Belarusian, 19.4% Yiddish, 10.0% Russian, 2.0% Polish, 0.5% Ukrainian, 0.3% German, 0.2% Latvian and 0.1% Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different References External links [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (Polish: ''język polski'', , ''polszczyzna'' or simply ''polski'', ) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group written in the Latin script. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles. In addition to being the official language of Poland, it is also used by the Polish diaspora. There are over 50 million Polish speakers around the world. It ranks as the sixth most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional dialects and maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (''ą'', ''ć'', ''ę'', ''ł'', ''ń'', ''ó'', ''ś'', ''ź'', ''ż'') to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet, although they are not used in native words. The traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrocellulose
Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. One of its first major uses was as guncotton, a replacement for gunpowder as propellant in firearms. It was also used to replace gunpowder as a low-order explosive in mining and other applications. In the form of collodion it was also a critical component in an early photographic emulsion, the use of which revolutionized photography in the 1860s. Production The process uses a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to convert cellulose into nitrocellulose. The quality of the cellulose is important. Hemicellulose, lignin, pentosans, and mineral salts give inferior nitrocelluloses. In precise chemical terms, nitrocellulose is not a nitro compound, but a nitrate ester. The glucose repeat unit (anhydroglucose) within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitroglycerine
Nitroglycerin (NG), (alternative spelling of nitroglycerine) also known as trinitroglycerin (TNG), nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a dense, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester. Chemically, the substance is an organic nitrate compound rather than a nitro compound, but the traditional name is retained. Invented in 1847 by Ascanio Sobrero, nitroglycerin has been used ever since as an active ingredient in the manufacture of explosives, namely dynamite, and as such it is employed in the construction, demolition, and mining industries. Since the 1880s, it has been used by militaries as an active ingredient and gelatinizer for nitrocellulose in some solid propellants such as cordite and ballistite. It is a major component in double-based smokeless propellants used by reloaders. Combined with nitrocellulo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Kibalchich
Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich (russian: Николай Иванович Кибальчич, uk, Микола Іванович Кибальчич, sr, Никола Кибалчић, ''Mykola Ivanovych Kybalchych''; 19 October 1853 – April 3, 1881) was a Russian revolutionary of Ukrainian-Serbian origin who took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II as the main explosive expert for Narodnaya Volya (the People's Will), and was also a rocket pioneer. He was a distant cousin of revolutionary Victor Serge. Early life Born in Korop, Krolevetsky Uyezd, Chernigov Governorate (present-day Ukraine) in 1853 into a clerical family, Kibalchich was the son of an Orthodox parish priest. He entered a Gymnasium (school), gymnasium in 1864 but was later admitted to a seminary. But he returned to secondary school and finishing it with a silver medal several years later. In 1871 he entered St. Petersburg State Transport University, St Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers and in 1873 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine Canal
The Griboyedov Canal or Kanal Griboyedova () is a canal in Saint Petersburg, constructed in 1739 along the existing ''Krivusha'' river. In 1764–90, the canal was deepened and the banks were reinforced and covered with granite. The Griboyedov Canal starts from the Moyka River near the Field of Mars. It flows into the Fontanka River. Its length is , with a width of . Before 1923, it was called the Catherine Canal, after the Empress Catherine the Great, during whose rule it was deepened. The Communist authorities renamed it after the Russian playwright and diplomat, Alexandr Griboyedov. The streets or embankments running along the canal are known as ''Naberezhnaya Kanala Griboyedova''. Bridges There are 21 bridges across the canal: * Tripartite Bridge * Novo-Konyushenny Bridge * Italian Bridge * Kazansky Bridge * Bank Bridge * Flour Bridge * Stone Bridge * Demidov Bridge * Hay Bridge * Kokushkin Bridge * Voznesensky Bridge * Podyachensky Bridge * Bridge of F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaya Sadovaya Street
Malaya Sadovaya Street (russian: Малая Садовая Улица, meaning 'Little Garden Street') is a pedestrian street of cafes, terraces and fountains in the heart of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It runs between Italyanskaya Street (Italian Street) and the Nevsky Prospect. Spanning a single block, at about , it is known as Saint Petersburg's shortest street. The street's Nevsky Prospect terminus is at Catherine Square, which features the monument to Catherine the Great by the sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin and Matthew Chizhov, and the architects Victor Schröter and David Grimm. At the Italyanskaya Street terminus is Manezhnaya Square, where there is a view of the portico of the great stables designed by Vincenzo Brenna and Karl Rossi. History The street, then called New Lane (russian: Новым переулком), was first made in the 1740s. A palace belonging to Ivan Shuvalov was built here, completed in 1756, after which the street was called Shuvalov Lane. All the odd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Manege
Michael Manege (''Mikhailovsky manezh''; russian: Михайловский манеж) is the Neoclassical building of an early 19th-century riding academy in the historic center of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It was converted into an indoor arena, indoor sporting arena in 1949 and was renamed Zimniy Stadion (russian: Зимний стадион, lit. "Winter Stadium"). Name Similar to the neighboring Saint Michael's Castle, Mikhailovsky Castle the name "Mikhailovsky" comes from the Archangel Michael, a heavenly patron of the House of Romanov, the ruling dynasty of the Russian Empire in 1613–1917. "Manège" is French language, French for "riding academy", since the area was originally used as a dressage area for horses of the imperial cavalry. The square in which the monument sits is called Manezhnaya Square, Saint Petersburg, Manezhnaya Square (russian: Манежная площадь). History The history of Manezhnaya Square and the Mikhailovsky Manège dates to the 1730s, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabochaya Gazeta
''Rabochaya Gazeta'' ( rus, Рабочая Газета, p=rɐˈbot͡ɕɪjə ɡɐˈzʲetə, t=Workers' Newspaper) was an illegal social democratic newspaper in the Russian Empire, published in 1897 in Kiev. It was an organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). The editors included Boris L. Eidelman, P. L. Tuchapsky and N. A. Vigdorchik. History The social democrats grouped around ''Rabochaya Gazeta'' maintained contact with the Emancipation of Labour group and the Saint Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class. They also helped preparations for the convocation of the first party congress. Two issues were published: the first on and the second on (marked as November). In March 1898, the First Congress of the RSDLP recognised ''Rabochaya Gazeta'' as the official party organ. The publication of the newspaper ceased on , since the Central Committee members elected at the congress were arrested and the printing press was destroyed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clandestine Literature
Clandestine literature, also called "underground literature", refers to a type of editorial and publishing process that involves self-publishing works, often in contradiction with the legal standards of a location. Clandestine literature is often an attempt to circumvent censorship, prosecution, or other suppression. In academic study, such literature may be referred to as heterodox publications (as opposed to officially sanctioned, orthodox publishing). Examples of clandestine literature include the Samizdat literature of Soviet dissidents; the Aljamiado literature of Al-Andalus Spain; and the nushu writing of some upper-class women in Hunan, China, from around the 10th century to the 19th century. Clandestine publications were plentiful during the Enlightenment era in 18th-century France, circulating as pamphlets or manuscripts, usually containing texts that would have been considered highly blasphemous by the Ancien Régime, or even straight out atheist. These clandestine manusc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudonym
A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individual's own. Many pseudonym holders use pseudonyms because they wish to remain anonymous, but anonymity is difficult to achieve and often fraught with legal issues. Scope Pseudonyms include stage names, user names, ring names, pen names, aliases, superhero or villain identities and code names, gamer identifications, and regnal names of emperors, popes, and other monarchs. In some cases, it may also include nicknames. Historically, they have sometimes taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms, and Latinisations. Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones and become the individual's full-time name. Pseudonyms are "part-time" names, used only in certain contexts – to provide a more clear-cut separation between o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg State Institute Of Technology
Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) (russian: Санкт-Петербургский Технологический Институт (Технический Университет)) was founded in 1828. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Russia, and it currently trains around 5,000 students. History In the past, the institute was named ''Imperial Petersburg Institute of Technology'' (russian: Императорский Петербургский Технологический Институт and ''Lensoviet Leningrad Institute of Technology'' (russian: Лениградский Технологический Институт имени Ленсовета), the institute's name changing with that of the city. During the Imperial period, unlike most other Russian universities, the institute did not require completion of gymnasium education as a condition of entry; the only requirement was to pass the institute's examinat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
