Idioteuthis
''Idioteuthis'' is a genus of whip-lash squid containing at least one species. Some teuthologists consider it synonymous with '' Mastigoteuthis'', but genetics have confirmed the placement of this genus as distinct from all other genera in this family. The placement of ''Idioteuthis'' within the Mastigoteuthidae remains uncertain. Species *Genus ''Idioteuthis'' **'' Idioteuthis cordiformis'' ( Chun, 1908) **'' Idioteuthis latipinna'' * Sasaki, 1916 The taxon listed above with an asterisk (*) is a ''taxon inquirendum In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The term t ...'' and needs further study to determine if it is a valid taxon or a synonym. References *Salcedo-Vargas, M.A. 1997. Cephalopods from the Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme (NIOP) - II. Mastigoteuthid lineage and relat ...
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Idioteuthis Cordiformis
''Idioteuthis cordiformis'' is a species of whip-lash squid found in tropical regions of the west Pacific Ocean. The species is commonly known as the 'love-heart squid' because the species name ''cordiformis'' is Latin for 'heart shaped'. Recently, this species has been found to consume small birdbeak dogfish. Description ''Idioteuthis cordiformis'' is a large, deep-sea species that attains a mantle length (body length) of over one meter in length.Braid, 2013 Although multiple specimens have been carefully observed, they are often damaged during capture. Therefore, different authorities have described variations in the colouration of this species: pale flesh-pink, yellowish with small reddish-brown chromatophores, dark purple pigmentation with purple chromatophores overlaid with greyish tubercles, or having thickly crowded deep brownish chromatophores. In life, these animals appear dark red or purple Like all squids, it has eight arms. Like other species in this family, it also h ...
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Idioteuthis Latipinna
''Idioteuthis latipinna'' is a species of whip-lash squid. It is the type species of the genus ''Idioteuthis''. Richard E. Young and Michael Vecchione consider ''I. latipinna'' to be a junior synonym of '' I. cordiformis'' and the World Register of Marine Species states that it is a taxon inquirendum In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The term t .... Image:Idioteuthis latipinna2.jpg, Oral view of arm suckers Image:Idioteuthis latipinna3.jpg, Oral view of tentacular club suckers References *Sasaki, M. 1916. Notes on Oegopsid Cephalopods Found in Japan. ''Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses'' 9(2): 89-120. *Sasaki, M. 1929. A Monograph of the Dibranchiate Cephalopods of the Japanese and Adjacent Waters. ''Journal of the College of Agriculture'', Hokkaido Imperial University, 2 ...
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Whip-lash Squid
The Mastigoteuthidae, also known as whip-lash squid, are a family of small deep-sea squid. Approximately 20 known species in six genera are represented, with members found in both the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zone of most oceans. Originally described by Verill in 1881, it was later lowered by Chun (1920) to a subfamily (Mastigoteuthinae) of the Chiroteuthidae. However, Roper et al. (1969) raised it back to the family level, and this has not been changed since. The taxonomy of this family is extremely unstable, and there have been at times one genus (Young, Lindgren, & Vecchione, 2008), two genera and four subgenera(Salcedo-Vargas & Okutani, 1994), two genera and several 'groups' (Salcedo-Vargas, 1997), five genera (Braid, McBride, & Bolstad, 2014) and one species with an uncertain placement, or six genera (Young, Vecchione, & Braid, 2014). Description Mastigoteuthids range in size from quite small species in the genus '' Mastigoteuthis'', to relatively gigantic sizes in ...
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Mastigoteuthis
''Mastigoteuthis'' is a genus of whip-lash squid containing at least seven valid species. Some teuthologists consider ''Idioteuthis'' synonymous with this taxon. The genus contains bioluminescent species. Species *Genus ''Mastigoteuthis'' **'' Mastigoteuthis agassizii'' Verrill, 1881 **'' Mastigoteuthis dentata'' Hoyle, 1904 **''Mastigoteuthis flammea'' Chun, 1908 **'' Mastigoteuthis glaukopis'' Chun, 1908 **'' Mastigoteuthis grimaldii'' ( Joubin, 1895) **'' Mastigoteuthis psychrophila'' Nesis, 1977 **'' Mastigoteuthis schmidti'' Degner, 1925 **'' Mastigoteuthis hastula'' * ( Berry, 1920) **''Mastigoteuthis inermis'' * Rancurel, 1972 **'' Mastigoteuthis iselini'' * MacDonald & Clench, 1934 **'' Mastigoteuthis okutanii'' * Salcedo-Vargas, 1997 **'' Mastigoteuthis tyroi'' * Salcedo-Vargas, 1997 '' Magnapinna talismani'' was previously placed in this genus, but is now considered a species of bigfin squid. The taxa listed above with an asterisk (*) are ''taxon inquirendum In bi ...
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Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ...
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Teuthologist
Teuthology (from Greek , "cuttlefish, squid", and , ''-logia'') is the study of cephalopods such as octopus, squid, and cuttlefish."Natural History of the Squid"
p. 1. It is a branch of , the study of , in

Carl Chun
Carl Chun (1 October 1852 – 11 April 1914) was a German marine biologist. Chun was born in Höchst, today a part of Frankfurt, and studied zoology at the University of Leipzig, where from 1878 to 1883 he was privat-docent of zoology and an assistant to Rudolf Leuckart. After professorial posts in Königsberg (1883–1891) and Breslau (1891–1898), he returned to Leipzig as a professor of zoology.UNI Leipzig Professorenkatalog
(biographical sketch) In 1888, Chun described seasonal vertical migration (SVM) which has a periodicity of ca. 1 year. Chun examined depth-stratified net samples from the

Taxon Inquirendum
In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The term taxon inquirendum is broader in meaning and refers to an incompletely defined taxon of which the taxonomic validity is uncertain or disputed by different experts or is impossible to identify the taxon. Further characterization is required. See also * Glossary of scientific naming * ''Candidatus'', a proposed taxa based on incomplete evidence * ''incertae sedis'', a taxon of uncertain position in a classification * '' nomen dubium'', a name of unknown or doubtful application * Open nomenclature Open nomenclature is a vocabulary of partly informal terms and signs in which a taxonomist may express remarks about their own material. This is in contrast to synonymy lists, in which a taxonomist may express remarks on the work of others. Common . ...
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