|
Ibn Al-Ṭayyib
Abū al-Faraj ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ṭayyib (died 1043), known by the ''nisba'' al-ʿIrāqī and in medieval Latin as Abulpharagius Abdalla Benattibus, was a prolific writer, priest and polymath of the Church of the East. He practised medicine in Baghdad and wrote in Arabic about medicine, canon law, theology and philosophy. His biblical exegesis remains the most influential written in Arabic and he was an important commentator on Galen and Aristotle. He also produced translations from Syriac into Arabic. Life According to Ibn al-ʿAdīm, he was born in Antioch but no other source reports this and it is often assumed that he was born in Iraq. Ibn al-Ṭayyib studied medicine and probably philosophy under Abū al-Khayr ibn Suwār ibn al-Khammār. Some modern authors also make him a student of Abū ʿAlī ʿĪsā ibn Zurʿa. He taught and practised medicine at the hospital ('' al-māristān'') al-ʿAḍudī in Baghdad. Ibn Buṭlān, ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Kaḥḥāl and Abū ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nisba (onomastics)
In Arabic names, a ' ( ar, نسبة ', "attribution"), also rendered as ' or ', is an adjective indicating the person's place of origin, tribal affiliation, or ancestry, used at the end of the name and occasionally ending in the suffix ''-iyy(ah)''. , originally an Arabic word, has been passed to many other languages such as Turkish, Persian, Bengali and Urdu. In Persian, Turkish, and Urdu usage, it is always pronounced and written as '. In Arabic usage, that pronunciation occurs when the word is uttered in its construct state only. The practice has been adopted in Iranian names and South Asian Muslim names. The can at times become a surname. Original use A "relation" is a grammatical term referring to the suffixation of masculine -''iyy'', feminine ''-iyyah'' to a word to make it an adjective. As an example, the word ''‘Arabiyy'' () means "Arab, related to Arabic, Arabian". forms are very common in Arabic names. Use in onomastics Traditional Arabic names do not incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ʿAḍud Al-Dawla
Fannā (Panāh) Khusraw ( fa, پناه خسرو), better known by his laqab of ʿAḍud al-Dawla ( ar, عضد الدولة, "Pillar of the bbasidDynasty") (September 24, 936 – March 26, 983) was an emir of the Buyid dynasty, ruling from 949 to 983, and at his height of power ruling an empire stretching from Makran to Yemen and the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. He is widely regarded as the greatest monarch of the dynasty, and by the end of his reign he was the most powerful ruler in the Middle East. The son of Rukn al-Dawla, Fanna Khusraw was given the title of Adud al-Dawla by the Abbasid caliph in 948 when he was made emir of Fars after the death of his childless uncle Imad al-Dawla, after which Rukn al-Dawla became the senior emir of the Buyids. In 974 Adud al-Dawla was sent by his father to save his cousin Izz al-Dawla from a rebellion. After defeating the rebel forces, he claimed the emirate of Iraq for himself, and forced his cousin to abdicate. His father, howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tishrīn
The Arabic names of the months of the Gregorian calendar are usually phonetic Arabic pronunciations of the corresponding month names used in European languages. An exception is the Syriac calendar used in Iraq and the Levant, whose month names are inherited via Classical Arabic from the Babylonian and Hebrew lunisolar calendars and correspond to roughly the same time of year. Though the lunar Hijri calendar and solar Hijri calendar are prominent in the Mideast, the Gregorian calendar is and has been used in nearly all the countries of the Arab world, in many places long before European occupation. All Arab states use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes. The names of the Gregorian months as used in Egypt, Sudan, and Yemen are widely regarded as standard across the Arab world, although their Classical Arabic names are often used alongside them. In other Arab countries, some modification or actual changes in naming or pronunciation of months are observed. Iraq and the Levan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anno Hegirae
The Hijri year ( ar, سَنة هِجْريّة) or era ( ''at-taqwīm al-hijrī'') is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar. It begins its count from the Islamic New Year in which Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathrib (now Medina). This event, known as the Hijrah, is commemorated in Islam for its role in the founding of the first Muslim community (''ummah''). In the West, this era is most commonly denoted as AH ( la, Anno Hegirae , 'in the year of the Hijra') in parallel with the Christian (AD), Common (CE) and Jewish eras (AM) and can similarly be placed before or after the date. In predominantly Muslim countries, it is also commonly abbreviated H ("Hijra") from its Arabic abbreviation '' hāʾ'' (). Years prior to AH 1 are reckoned in English as BH ("Before the Hijrah"), which should follow the date. A year in the Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve lunar months and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently its New Year's Day occurs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Qifṭī
'Alī ibn Yūsuf al-Qifṭī or Ali Ibn Yusuf the Qifti (of Qift, his home city) (), he was ''Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Yūsuf ibn Ibrāhīm ibn 'Abd al-Wahid al-Shaybānī'' () (ca. 1172–1248); an Egyptian Arab historian, biographer-encyclopedist, patron, and administrator-scholar under the Ayyubid rulers of Aleppo. His biographical dictionary ''Kitāb Ikhbār al-'Ulamā' bi Akhbār al-Ḥukamā'' (), tr. 'History of Learned Men'; is an important source of Islamic biography. Much of his vast literary output is lost, including his histories of the Seljuks, Buyids and the Maghreb, and biographical dictionaries of philosophers and philologists. See below. Life 'Alī al-Qifṭī, known as Ibn al-Qifṭī, was a native of Qift, Upper Egypt, the son of ''al-Qāḍī al-Ashraf'', Yūsuf al-Qifṭī (b.548/1153), and the grandson of Ibrāhīm ibn 'Abd al-Wāḥid, ''al-Qāḍī al-Awḥad'' in the Ayyūbid court. Alī succeeded his father and grandfather into court adm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Sīnā
Ibn Sina ( fa, ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islamic Golden Age, and the father of early modern medicine. Sajjad H. Rizvi has called Avicenna "arguably the most influential philosopher of the pre-modern era". He was a Muslim Peripatetic philosopher influenced by Greek Aristotelian philosophy. Of the 450 works he is believed to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine. His most famous works are ''The Book of Healing'', a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and ''The Canon of Medicine'', a medical encyclopedia which became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 1650. Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna's corpus includes writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bar Hebraeus
Gregory Bar Hebraeus ( syc, ܓܪܝܓܘܪܝܘܣ ܒܪ ܥܒܪܝܐ, b. 1226 - d. 30 July 1286), known by his Syriac ancestral surname as Bar Ebraya or Bar Ebroyo, and also by a Latinized name Abulpharagius, was an Aramean Maphrian (regional primate) of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1264 to 1286. He was a prominent writer, who created various works in the fields of Christian theology, philosophy, history, linguistics, and poetry. For his contributions to the development of Syriac literature, has been praised as one of the most learned and versatile writers among Syriac Orthodox Christians. In his numerous and elaborate treatises, he collected as much contemporary knowledge in theology, philosophy, science and history as was possible in 13th century Syria. Most of his works were written in Classical Syriac language. He also wrote some in Arabic, which was the common language in his day. Name It is not clear when Bar Hebraeus adopted the Christian name Gregory ( syr, ܓܪܝܓܘܪ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliya Of Nisibis
, native_name_lang = Syriac , church = Church of the East , archdiocese = Nisibis , province = Metropolitanate of Nisibis , metropolis = , diocese = , see = , appointed = 26 December 1008 , term_end = 18 July 1046 , quashed = , predecessor = Yahballaha , successor = Abdisho ibn Al-Aridh ? , opposed = , other_post = Bishop of Beth Nuhadra , ordination = 15 September 994 , ordained_by = Yohannan V , consecration = 15 February 1002 , consecrated_by = Yohannan V , cardinal = , created_cardinal_by = , rank = Archbishop , laicized = , birth_name = Elijah Bar Shinajah , birth_date = , baptised = , birth_place = Shenna, Abbasid Caliphate(modern-day Iraq) , death_date = , death_place = Mayyafariqin, Al-Jazira, Abbasid Caliphate(modern-day Silvan, Diyarbakır, Turkey) , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliya I Of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Eliya I ( syr, ܐܠܝܐ) was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1028 to 1049. He is also known as the author of an early grammar of Syriac written around the year 1000. Sources Brief accounts of Eliya's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus () and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), and (fourteenth-century). A modern assessment of his reign can be found in David Wilmshurst's ''The Martyred Church''. Eliya's patriarchate The following account of Eliya's patriarchate is given by Bar Hebraeus: He shoyahb IVwas succeeded by Eliya I, formerly bishop of Tirhan The Diocese of Tirhan was an East Syriac diocese of the Church of the East, within the central ecclesiastical Province of the Patriarch. The diocese is attested between the sixth and fourteenth centuries. History The Tirhan district lay to the s ..., a man of advanced age and a learned doctor. He introduced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yohannan VI
Yohannan VI bar Nazuk was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1012 until his death, which is given by various sources as being in 1016 or 1020. Life Brief accounts of Yohannan's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus () and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari ibn Suleiman Mari ibn Suleiman or Sulaiman ( ar, ماري إبن سليمان) was a 12th-century Nestorian Christian author writing in Arabic. Nothing is known of his life. He is the author of a theological and historiographical work known as the Book of the ... (twelfth-century), (fourteenth-century) and (fourteenth-century). The following account of Yohannan's patriarchate is given by Bar Hebraeus: After the death of Yunanis a quarrel arose among the bishops over the appointment of his successor. After a long period of wrangling they drew lots for three candidates. The name of Yohannan bar Nazuk, bishop of Hirta, was drawn, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa
Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa Muʾaffaq al-Dīn Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Ibn Al-Qāsim Ibn Khalīfa al-Khazrajī ( ar, ابن أبي أصيبعة; 1203–1270), commonly referred to as Ibn Abi Usaibia (also ''Usaibi'ah, Usaybea, Usaibi`a, Usaybiʿah'', etc.), was an Arab physician from Syria in the 13th century CE. He compiled a biographical encyclopedia of notable physicians, from the Greeks, Romans and Indians up to the year 650AH/1252AD in the Islamic era. Biography Ibn Abi Usaibia was born at Damascus, a member of the Banu Khazraj tribe. The son of a physician, he studied medicine at Damascus and Cairo. In 1236, he was appointed physician to a new hospital in Cairo, but the following year he took up an offer by ruler of Damascus, of a post in Salkhad, near Damascus, where he lived until his death. His only surviving work is ''Lives of the Physicians''. In that work, he mentions another of his works, but it has not survived. ''Lives of the Physicians'' The title in Arabic, ''Uy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
