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Ibn Al-Sarī Al-Zajjāj
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Sarī al-Zajjāj () was a grammarian of Basrah, a scholar of philology and theology and a favourite at the Abbāsid court. He died in 922 at Baghdād, the capital city in his time. Life Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad al-Sarī (Surrī) al-Zajjāj had been a glass-grinder – al-Zajjāj means ‘the glassman’ - before abandoning this trade to study philology under the two leading grammarians, al-Mubarrad of the Baṣran school and Tha'lab of the Kufan school. As top student and class representative he advised al-Mubarrad. He studied ''“Al-Kitāb”'' of Sībawayh with the Baṣrah grammarian Abū Fahd. Al-Zajjāj entered the Abbāsid court, first as tutor to al-Qāsim ibn ‘Ubayd Allāh, son of the vizier ‘Ubayd Allāh ibn Sulaymān ibn Wahb’s and later, as tutor to the sons of the caliph al-Mu‘taḍid. On his succession to the vizierate, Caliph al-Mu’taḍid ordered vizier al-Qāsim to commission an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubayd Allah Ibn Sulayman
Ubayd Allah ibn Sulayman () was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate who served as vizier for ten years, from June 891 until his own death in April 901. Hailing from the Banu Wahb, a family of Nestorian Christian origin that had served in the caliphal bureaucracy since late Umayyad times, Ubayd Allah was the son of Sulayman ibn Wahb, who had held the vizierate himself three times. Ubayd Allah followed the family tradition and entered the administration as a secretary, but when Sulayman fell in disgrace by regent al-Muwaffaq in 878, Ubayd Allah was also dismissed. His fortunes rose again through the support of al-Muwaffaq's son and future caliph al-Mu'tadid (r. 892–902), who appointed Ubayd Allah as vizier to the Caliph al-Mu'tamid (r. 870–892) after al-Muwaffaq's death in June 891. Ubayd Allah distinguished himself for his ability, honesty and justice, and continued to serve in the post throughout most of al-Mu'tadid's own reign, until his death in April 901. Ubayd Alla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Ali Al-Farisi
Abū 'Alī al-Fārisī (); surnamed Abū Alī al Ḥasan Aḥmad Abd al-Ghaffār Ibn Muḥammad ibn Sulaimān ibn Abān al-Fārisī (c. 901 – 987) ; was a leading grammarian of the school of al-Baṣrah of mixed Arab and Iranian heritage. He lived in Baghdād and later served at the courts of Sayf al-Dawla at Aleppo and 'Aḍud al-Dawlah at Shiraz. His nephew was Abi al-Hussein Muhammad Bin al-Hassan Bin Abd al-Wareth al-Faressi al-Nawawi, who instructed the celebrated theorist al-Jurjānī on al-Fārisī's grammatical treatise, the ''Idah''. Life Abū 'Ali al-Ḥasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Ghaffār al-Fārisī, was known as Abū Alī, or sometimes al-Fasawī. He was born in the town of Fasa in Fars province in 901. He was born to a Persian father and an Arab mother. In 919, he went to Baghdād to study. He travelled widely and spent a period with Sayf ad-Dawlah ibn Hamdān, the Hamdanid ruler at Aleppo in 952/953, where he held conferences with the famous court poet al-Mutan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Al-Nadim
Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Nadīm ( ar, ابو الفرج محمد بن إسحاق النديم), also ibn Abī Ya'qūb Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Warrāq, and commonly known by the ''nasab'' (patronymic) Ibn al-Nadīm ( ar, ابن النديم; died 17 September 995 or 998) was an Arab Muslim bibliographer and biographer of Baghdad who compiled the encyclopedia ''Kitāb al-Fihrist'' (''The Book Catalogue''). Biography Much known of al-Nadim is deduced from his epithets. 'Al-Nadim' (), 'the Court Companion' and 'al-Warrāq () 'the copyist of manuscripts'. Probably born in Baghdad ca. 320/932 he died there on Wednesday, 20th of Shaʿban A.H. 385. He was a Persian or perhaps an Arab. From age six, he may have attended a ''madrasa'' and received comprehensive education in Islamic studies, history, geography, comparative religion, the sciences, grammar, rhetoric and Qurʾanic commentary. Ibrahim al-Abyari, author of ''Turāth al-Insaniyah'' says al-Nadim s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aḥmad Ibn Buwayh
Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the verb (''ḥameda'', "to thank or to praise"), non-past participle (). Lexicology As an Arabic name, it has its origins in a Quranic prophecy attributed to Jesus in the Quran which most Islamic scholars concede is about Muhammad. It also shares the same roots as Mahmud, Muhammad and Hamed. In its transliteration, the name has one of the highest number of spelling variations in the world. Though Islamic scholars attribute the name Ahmed to Muhammed, the verse itself is about a Messenger named Ahmed, whilst Muhammed was a Messenger-Prophet. Some Islamic traditions view the name Ahmad as another given name of Muhammad at birth by his mother, considered by Muslims to be the more esoteric name of Muhammad and central to understanding his nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinar
The dinar () is the principal currency unit in several countries near the Mediterranean Sea, and its historical use is even more widespread. The modern dinar's historical antecedents are the gold dinar and the silver dirham, the main coin of the medieval Islamic empires, first issued in AH 77 (696–697 CE) by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. The word "dinar" derives from the Latin " ''dēnārius''," a silver coin of ancient Rome, which was first minted about c.211 BCE. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of the Arabic دينار (''dīnār''), which was borrowed via the Syriac ''dīnarā'', itself from the Latin ''dēnārius''. The Kushan Empire introduced a gold coin known as the ''dīnāra'' into India in the 1st century AD; the Gupta Empire and its successors up to the 6th century adopted the coin. The modern gold dinar is a projected bullion gold coin, not issued as official currency by any state. Legal tender Countries currently usi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amanuensis
An amanuensis () is a person employed to write or type what another dictates or to copy what has been written by another, and also refers to a person who signs a document on behalf of another under the latter's authority. In one example Eric Fenby assisted the blind composer Frederick Delius in writing down the notes that Delius dictated. Origin and secretarial uses The word originated in ancient Rome, for a slave at his master's personal service "within hand's reach", performing any command; later it was specifically applied to an intimately trusted servant (often a freedman) acting as a personal secretary (amanuensis is what he does, not what he is). In the Bible, the Apostle Paul is shown as the author of the Book of Romans. However, at the end of the book, Tertius of Iconium describes himself as the scribe who wrote the letter. A similar semantic evolution occurred at the French royal court, where the ''secrétaire de la main du roi'', originally a lowly clerk specializing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mubarrad
Al-Mubarrad () (al-Mobarrad), or Abū al-‘Abbās Muḥammad ibn Yazīd (c. 826c. 898), was a native of Baṣrah. He was a philologist, biographer and a leading grammarian of the School of Basra, a rival to the School of Kufa. In 860 he was called to the court of the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil at Samarra. When the caliph was killed the following year, he went to Baghdād, and taught there until his death. A prolific writer, perhaps the greatest of his school, his best known work is ''Al-Kāmil'' ("The Perfect One" or "The Complete"). A leading scholar of Sībawayh's seminal treatise on grammar, "al-Kitab" ("The Book"), he lectured on philology and wrote critical treatises on linguistics and Quranic exegesis (tafsir). He is said to be the source of the story of Shahrbanu or Shahr Banu — eldest daughter of Yazdegerd III. His quote to would-be students was: :“Have you ridden through grammar, appreciating its vastness and meeting with the difficulties of its co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
