IHL (1945-01)
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IHL (1945-01)
IHL may refer to: * International Hockey League (other), the name of several different defunct hockey leagues: :* International Professional Hockey League (1904–1907), central-eastern North America :* International Hockey League (1929–36), central-eastern North America :* International Hockey League (1945–2001), across North America :* International Hockey League (1992–96), Eastern Europe, now the Kontinental Hockey League :* International Hockey League (2007–2010), midwest North America, merged into the Central Hockey League * International humanitarian law International humanitarian law (IHL), also referred to as the laws of armed conflict, is the law that regulates the conduct of war (''jus in bello''). It is a branch of international law that seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict by prot ..., the law that regulates the conduct of armed conflict (''jus in bello'') * Internet Header Length, the second field in an IPv4 packet header {{disambiguat ...
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International Hockey League (other)
International Hockey League may refer to: * International Professional Hockey League (1904–1907), central-eastern North America * International Hockey League (1929–1936), central-eastern North America * International Hockey League (1945–2001), across North America * International Hockey League (1992–1996), Eastern Europe, now the Kontinental Hockey League * Interliga (1999–2007), or International Ice Hockey League, central-eastern Europe, replaced the Alpenliga * International Hockey League (2007–2010), now the United Hockey League, midwest North America * Inter-National League (2012–2016), Austria, Italy, and Slovenia See also * List of ice hockey leagues This is a list of ice hockey leagues, both professional and amateur, from around the world; parentheses denote year of establishment and, where applicable, year of disestablishment. North America Major professional * National Hockey League (1917 ...
, professional and amateur leagues from around the world { ...
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International Professional Hockey League
The International Professional Hockey League (IPHL) was the first fully professional ice hockey, professional ice hockey leagues, ice hockey league, operating from 1904 to 1907. It was formed by Jack Gibson (ice hockey born 1880), Jack "Doc" Gibson, a dentist who played hockey throughout Ontario before settling in Houghton, Michigan. The IPHL was a five team circuit which included Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Calumet, Michigan and Houghton. The IPHL was instrumental in changing the nature of top-level senior men's ice hockey from amateur sports, amateur to professional. In the time period around 1900, leagues in Canada fought against the professionalization of athletics. John Ross Robertson was quoted in the newspapers of the day as saying "for self preservation, the stand of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) against the professionalism of Pittsburgh, Houghton, Calumet and the Soo must be uncompromisingly antagonistic ... An ...
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International Hockey League (1929–36)
Several leagues have used the name or one similar to it: * International Professional Hockey League (1904–1907), central-eastern North America * International Hockey League (1929–1936), central-eastern North America * International Hockey League (1945–2001), across North America * International Hockey League (1992–1996), Eastern Europe, now the Kontinental Hockey League * International Hockey League (2017), Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia * Interliga (1999–2007), central-eastern Europe, replaced the Alpenliga * International Hockey League (2007–2010) The United Hockey League (UHL), originally known as the Colonial Hockey League from 1991 to 1997 and last known as the International Hockey League from 2007 to 2010, was a low-level minor professional ice hockey league, with teams in the Unite ..., midwest North America * Inter-National League (2012–2016), Austria, Italy, and Slovenia {{disambig ...
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International Hockey League (1945–2001)
The International Hockey League (IHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league in the United States and Canada that operated from 1945 to 2001. The IHL served as the National Hockey League's alternate Farm team, farm system to the American Hockey League (AHL). After 56 years of operation, financial instability led to the league's demise. Six of the surviving seven teams merged into the AHL in 2001. History Early years The IHL was formed on December 5, 1945, in a three-hour meeting at the Norton Palmer Hotel in Windsor, Ontario. In attendance were Jack Adams (coach of the Detroit Red Wings), Fred Huber (Red Wings public relations), Frank Gallagher (later league commissioner), Lloyd Pollock (Windsor hockey pioneer), Gerald McHugh (Windsor lawyer), Len Hebert, Len Loree and Bill Beckman. The league began operations in the 1945–46 IHL season with four teams in Windsor and Detroit, and operated as semi-professional league. In 1947, a team from Toledo, Ohio, joined the league, and ...
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International Hockey League (1992–96)
Several leagues have used the name or one similar to it: * International Professional Hockey League (1904–1907), central-eastern North America * International Hockey League (1929–1936), central-eastern North America * International Hockey League (1945–2001), across North America * International Hockey League (1992–1996), Eastern Europe, now the Kontinental Hockey League * International Hockey League (2017), Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia * Interliga (1999–2007), central-eastern Europe, replaced the Alpenliga * International Hockey League (2007–2010) The United Hockey League (UHL), originally known as the Colonial Hockey League from 1991 to 1997 and last known as the International Hockey League from 2007 to 2010, was a low-level minor professional ice hockey league, with teams in the Unite ..., midwest North America * Inter-National League (2012–2016), Austria, Italy, and Slovenia {{disambig ...
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Kontinental Hockey League
The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL; russian: Континентальная хоккейная лига (КХЛ), Kontinental'naya khokkeynaya liga) is an international professional ice hockey league founded in 2008. It comprises member clubs based in Russia (19), Belarus (1), Kazakhstan (1) and China (1) for a total of 22 clubs. It was considered in 2015 to be the premier professional ice hockey league in Europe and Asia, and the second-strongest in the world behind North America's National Hockey League. The KHL had in 2017 the highest total attendance in Europe with 5.32 million spectators in the regular season and third-highest average attendance in Europe with 6,121 spectators per game in the regular season. The Gagarin Cup is awarded annually to the league's playoff champion at the end of each season. The title of Champion of Russia is given to the highest-ranked Russian team. History History The league formed from the Russian Superleague (RSL) and the champion of the ...
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International Hockey League (2007–2010)
The United Hockey League (UHL), originally known as the Colonial Hockey League from 1991 to 1997 and last known as the International Hockey League from 2007 to 2010, was a low-level minor professional ice hockey league, with teams in the United States and Canada. The league was headquartered in Rochester, Michigan, and, in its last year, consisted of seven teams. It folded in 2010, with most of its teams joining the Central Hockey League. The Central Hockey League teams still operating in 2014 were then added to ECHL. The only former CoHL/UHL/IHL teams still active as of 2022 are the Fort Wayne Komets and Kalamazoo Wings. History The UHL was originally formed in 1991 as the Colonial Hockey League and had teams in Brantford, Ontario; Detroit, Michigan; Flint, Michigan; St. Thomas, Ontario; and Thunder Bay, Ontario; the avowed goal of the league organizers was to fill the low-level niche in the Great Lakes area abandoned by the original International Hockey League as the latte ...
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Central Hockey League
The Central Hockey League (CHL) was a North American mid-level minor professional ice hockey league which operated from 1992 until 2014. It was founded by Ray Miron and Bill Levins and later sold to Global Entertainment Corporation, which operated the league from 2000 to 2013, at which point it was purchased by the individual franchise owners. As of the end of its final season in 2014, three of the 30 National Hockey League teams had affiliations with the CHL: the Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild, and Tampa Bay Lightning. Several teams of defunct leagues joined the CHL along its history, including the Southern Hockey League, Western Professional Hockey League and International Hockey League. After two teams suspended operations during the 2014 offseason, the ECHL accepted the remaining seven teams as members in October 2014, meaning the end for the CHL after 22 seasons. History The Central Hockey League (CHL) was revived in 1992 by Ray Miron and the efforts of Bill Levins, with ...
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International Humanitarian Law
International humanitarian law (IHL), also referred to as the laws of armed conflict, is the law that regulates the conduct of war (''jus in bello''). It is a branch of international law that seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict by protecting persons who are not participating in hostilities and by restricting and regulating the means and methods of warfare available to combatants. International humanitarian law is inspired by considerations of humanity and the mitigation of human suffering. It comprises a set of rules, which is established by treaty or custom and that seeks to protect persons and property/objects that are or may be affected by armed conflict, and it limits the rights of parties to a conflict to use methods and means of warfare of their choice. Sources of international law include international agreements (the Geneva Conventions), customary international law, general principles of nations, and case law. It defines the conduct and responsibilities of bell ...
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