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Inter-Alpha Group Of Banks
The Inter-Alpha Group of Banks was created in 1971 by six banks in the European Community to provide a platform for the regular exchange of ideas and to explore areas for cooperation between its member banks. The group is a non-hierarchical association and is maintained by mutual agreement with each bank retaining full autonomy and independence. It was one of the banking clubs set up during the 1960s and 1970s when a number of European banks attempted to cooperate at an international level. Function The group's function has evolved to: * Provide a platform for the regular exchange of ideas at the executive and senior management level * Allow specialists to meet and discuss topics of particular interest * Establish areas of cooperation, particularly in international trade * Train bank management through annual Inter-Alpha Banking School and annual Inter-Alpha Banking Management Programme at INSEAD at Fontainebleau near Paris * Create a framework for individual banks within th ...
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European Community
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisbon Treaty. aiming to foster economic integration among its member states. It was subsequently renamed the European Community (EC) upon becoming integrated into the first pillar of the newly formed European Union in 1993. In the popular language, however, the singular ''European Community'' was sometimes inaccuratelly used in the wider sense of the plural '' European Communities'', in spite of the latter designation covering all the three constituent entities of the first pillar. In 2009, the EC formally ceased to exist and its institutions were directly absorbed by the EU. This made the Union the formal successor institution of the Community. The Community's initial aim was to bring about economic integration, including a common market and ...
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NatWest Group
NatWest Group plc is a British banking and insurance holding company, based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The group operates a wide variety of banking brands offering personal and business banking, private banking, investment banking, insurance and corporate finance. In the United Kingdom, its main subsidiary companies are National Westminster Bank, Royal Bank of Scotland, NatWest Markets and Coutts. The group issues banknotes in Scotland and Northern Ireland; , the Royal Bank of Scotland was the only bank in the UK to still print £1 notes. Before the 2008 collapse and the general financial crisis, the Group was very briefly the largest bank in the world, and for a period was the second-largest bank in the UK and Europe and the fifth-largest in the world by market capitalisation. Subsequently, with a slumping share price and major loss of confidence, the bank fell sharply in the rankings, although in 2009 it was briefly the world's largest company by both assets (£1.9 trillion) an ...
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Financial Services
Financial services are the Service (economics), economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer finance, consumer-finance companies, brokerage firm, stock brokerages, investment management, investment funds, individual asset managers, and some government-sponsored enterprises. History The term "financial services" became more prevalent in the United States partly as a result of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, GrammLeachBliley Act of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies operating in the U.S. financial services industry at that time to merge. Companies usually have two distinct approaches to this new type of business. One approach would be a bank that simply buys an insurance company or an investment bank, keeps the original brands of the acquired firm, and adds the Takeover, acquisit ...
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Financial Market
A financial market is a market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives at low transaction costs. Some of the securities include stocks and bonds, raw materials and precious metals, which are known in the financial markets as commodities. The term "market" is sometimes used for what are more strictly ''exchanges'', organizations that facilitate the trade in financial securities, e.g., a stock exchange or commodity exchange. This may be a physical location (such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), London Stock Exchange (LSE), JSE Limited (JSE), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) or an electronic system such as NASDAQ. Much trading of stocks takes place on an exchange; still, corporate actions (merger, spinoff) are outside an exchange, while any two companies or people, for whatever reason, may agree to sell the stock from the one to the other without using an exchange. Trading of currencies and bonds is largely on a bilateral basis, although some bonds trade o ...
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European Financial Services Roundtable
The European Financial Services Round Table (EFR) brings together chairmen and chief executives of leading European banks and insurance companies. The purpose of the EFR is to contribute to the European public policy debate on issues relating to financial services and to the financial stability with the completion of the single market in financial services. Paul Achleitner is Chairman of the EFR. The EFR is also engaged in the lessons to be drawn from the financial crisis to render the financial system more resilient. The EFR deals in particular with the global G20 agenda, regulation and supervision, consumer protection and pensions. Current priorities are the Growth & Investment Agenda, the Digital Agenda & Cyber Security, Sustainable finance & Climate Change, Prudential Regulation The EFR has published, inter alia, positions, reports and press releases on those priority issues as well as on a wide range of topics such as European retail market, G20 agenda, the integration of pensi ...
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ABECOR
The Associated Banks of Europe Corporation (or ABECOR) was founded in 1972 in Brussels by ABN AMRO and three other banks to enhance the Bank's operations in Europe. The association later consisted of the nine banks: * Banque Nationale de Paris * Barclays Bank * Banca Nazionale del Lavoro * Dresdner Bank * Algemene Bank Nederland * * Banque de Bruxelles * Banque Internationale à Luxembourg * Österreichische Länderbank With over $200 Billion in assets, it was supposed to be a major group or banking club in Europe, its main legacy was a joint training centre. The association generally did not live up to the expectations of its member banks, with the exception of the economists, who regularly and intensively exchanged thoughts and were able to tap into sizeable databases and analysis. The banks found that when attempting joint projects the majority were often held back by a stubborn minority. One enduring accomplishment however of the ABECOR cooperation turned out to be ABIN, ...
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Société Générale
Société Générale S.A. (), colloquially known in English as SocGen (), is a French-based multinational financial services company founded in 1864, registered in downtown Paris and headquartered nearby in La Défense. Société Générale is France's third largest bank by total assets after BNP Paribas and Crédit Agricole. It is also the sixth largest bank in Europe and the world's eighteenth. It is considered a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board. From 1966 to 2003 it was known as one of the ''Trois Vieilles'' ("Old Three") major French commercial banks, along with Banque Nationale de Paris (from 2000 BNP Paribas) and Crédit Lyonnais. History 19th Century The bank was founded by a group of industrialists and financiers during the Second Empire on May 4, 1864. Its full name was ''Société Générale pour favoriser le développement du commerce et de l'industrie en France'' ("General Company to Support the Development of Commerce and Indus ...
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Grupo Santander
Banco Santander, S.A., doing business as Santander Group (, , Spanish: ), is a Spanish multinational financial services company based in Madrid and Santander in Spain. Additionally, Santander maintains a presence in all global financial centres as the 16th-largest banking institution in the world. Although known for its European banking operations, it has extended operations across North and South America, and more recently in continental Asia. It is considered a systemically important bank by Financial Stability Board. Many subsidiaries, such as Abbey National, have been rebranded under the Santander name. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In May 2016, Santander was ranked as 37th in the Forbes Global 2000 list of the world's biggest public companies. Santander is Spain's largest bank. Banco Santander is chaired by Ana Patricia Botín-Sanz de Sautuola O'Shea, daughter and granddaughter of former chairmen Emilio Botin-Sanz de Sautuola ...
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Williams & Glyn's Bank
Williams & Glyn's Bank Limited was established in London in 1970, when the Royal Bank of Scotland merged its two subsidiaries in England and Wales, Williams Deacon's Bank Ltd. and Glyn, Mills & Co. In 1985, Williams & Glyn's was fully absorbed into the Royal Bank of Scotland and ceased to trade separately. The Royal Bank of Scotland Group was renamed NatWest Group in 2020. History Williams Deacon's Bank and the Manchester & Salford Bank The London private bank of Williams Deacon & Co can date its history back to 1771 when the partnership of Raymond, Williams, Vere, Lowe and Fletcher was first recorded. It ceased payment in 1825 and was reconstituted with different shareholders as Williams, Deacon, Labouchere & Co, before finally becoming Williams Deacon in 1882. It was acquired by the Manchester & Salford Bank in 1890.A H Allman et al, ''Williams Deacon’s 1771-1970'' (1971) The Manchester & Salford Bank was founded in 1836 as a joint stock bank and became a substantial for ...
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National Bank Of Greece
The National Bank of Greece (NBG; el, Εθνική Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος) is a global banking and financial services company with its headquarters in Athens, Greece. 85% of the company's pretax preprovision profits are derived from its operations in Greece, complemented by 15% from Southeastern Europe. The group offers financial products and services for corporate and institutional clients along with private and business customers. Services include banking services, brokerage, insurance, asset management, shipping finance, leasing and factoring markets. The group is the largest Greek bank by total assets and the third largest by market capitalisation of €1.06 billion as at 4 December 2018. It is the second largest by deposits in Greece after Piraeus Bank. It is fourth largest by Greek loan assets trailing Piraeus Bank, Alpha Bank and Eurobank Ergasias. The bankers Jean-Gabriel Eynard and Georgios Stavros founded NBG in 1841 as a commercial bank. Stavros was al ...
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INSEAD
INSEAD, a contraction of "Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires" () is a non-profit business school that maintains campuses in Europe ( Fontainebleau, France), Asia (Singapore), the Middle East (Abu Dhabi, UAE), and North America (San Francisco, United States). As a graduate-only business school, INSEAD offers a full-time Master of Business Administration, an executive MBA (EMBA), a Master of Finance, a PhD in management, a Master in Management, Business Foundations Post-Graduate degrees, and a variety of executive education programs. Its MBA, taught in English, is consistently ranked among the best in the world. The MBA has produced the second most CEOs of the world’s 500 largest companies, second only to Harvard Business School's, and the sixth most billionaires. Despite its relatively small size as a specialist, graduate-only university, INSEAD educated 2nd most C-suite executives of listed companies in the world's 19 biggest economies, only second to Harvard U ...
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Nordea
Nordea Bank Abp, commonly referred to as Nordea, is a European financial services group operating in northern Europe and based in Helsinki, Finland. The name is a blend of the words "Nordic" and "idea". The bank is the result of the successive mergers and acquisitions of the Finnish, Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian banks of Merita Bank, Nordbanken, Unidanmark, and Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse that took place between 1997 and 2001. The Nordic countries are considered Nordea's home market, having finalised the sales of their Baltic operations in 2019. Nordea is listed on Nasdaq Nordic exchanges in Helsinki, Copenhagen, and Stockholm and Nordea ADR is listed in the US. Nordea serves 9.3 million private and 530,000 active corporate customers, including 2,650 large corporates and institutions. Nordea's credit portfolio is distributed across Finland (21%), Denmark (26%), Norway (21%), and Sweden (30%). There are four Business Areas (BAs) at Nordea, Personal Banking, Business Banking ...
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