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Instrument Of Government (1634)
The Instrument of Government ( sv, regeringsform) of 1634 was a document describing the form and operation of the Swedish government, retrospectively regarded as the country's first constitution, although it was not intended to function as such.Regeringsformen '' Nordisk Familjebok'' (1915), p.1207 It was composed by the Lord High Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, and was adopted by the |
Axel Oxenstierna 3
Axel may refer to: People * Axel (name), all persons with the name Places * Axel, Netherlands, a town ** Capture of Axel, a battle at Axel in 1586 Arts, entertainment, media * ''Axel'', a 1988 short film by Nigel Wingrove * ''Axel'', a Cirque du Soleil show * ''Axël'', an 1890 drama play by Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam * Axel (dance turn), a type of turn performed in dance * Axel lift, a movement in pair skating * Axel jump, a type of jump in figure skating * "Axel F", the 1985 instrumental theme song of ''Beverly Hills Cop'' by Harold Faltermeyer Companies, organizations * Axel Hotels, hotel chain * Axel Springer SE, largest digital publishing house in Europe Other uses * Axel Maersk, Danish container ship * Citroën Axel, automobile made by Citroën * Typhoon Axel (other), multiple storms named Axel See also * Aksel * Axl (other) Axl may refer to: People * Axl Rose, lead singer of Guns N' Roses * Axl Rotten, ring name for former professional wrestl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instrument Of Government (1772)
The 1772 Instrument of Government ( sv, regeringsform) was the constitution of the Kingdom of Sweden from 1772 to 1809. It was promulgated in the wake of the Revolution of 1772, a self-coup mounted by King Gustav III, and replaced the 1720 Instrument of Government, which had been in force for most of the Age of Liberty (1719-72). Although in theory the 1772 Instrument merely readjusted the balance of power between the crown and the Riksdag of the Estates (Swedish Parliament), without changing Sweden's status as a constitutional monarchy, in practice it is generally seen as instituting an absolute monarchy, especially after its modification in 1789 by the Union and Security Act, which further strengthened royal power at the expense of the Riksdag. It remained in force throughout the Gustavian era, until replaced by the 1809 Instrument of Government as a result of the Coup of 1809. Background During the Age of Liberty (1719-72), Sweden was governed as a constitutional monarchy, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon
''Svenskt biografiskt lexikon'' () is a Swedish biographical dictionary, started in 1917. The first volume, covering names ''Abelin'' to ''Anjou'', was published in 1918. As of 2017, names from A to S are covered. Volumes # ABELIN – ANJOU (1918) # ANKARCRONA – BECKER (1920) # BECK – FRIIS – BERNDES (1922) # BERNDES – BLOCK (1924) # BLOM – BRANNIUS (1925) # BRANT – BYGDÉN (1926) # BÜLOW – CEDERGREN (1927) # CEDERHIELM – CORNELIUS (1929) # CORNELL – DAL (1931) # DíALBEDYHLL – DE LA GARDIE (1931) # DE LA GRANGE – EBERSKÖLD (1945) # EBERSTEIN – EKMAN (1949) # EKMAN – ENWALL (1950) # ENVALLSSON – FAHLBECK (1953) # FAHLBERG – FEUK (1956) # FICH – GEHLIN (1964–1966) # GEIJER – HALL (1967–1969) # HALLARDT – HEURGREN (1969–1971) # HEURLIN – INGE (1971–1973) # INGEBORG – KATARINA (1973–75) # KATARINA – KÖNIGSMARCK (1975–77) # KÖNIGSMARCK – LILJA (1977–79) # LILJEBLAD – LJUNGBERGER (1980–1981) # LJUNGDAHL – MALMROS (19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Crown
The Crown is the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of the Commonwealth realms and their subdivisions (such as the Crown Dependencies, overseas territories, provinces, or states). Legally ill-defined, the term has different meanings depending on context. It is used to designate the monarch in either a personal capacity, as Head of the Commonwealth, or as the king or queen of their realms (whereas the monarchy of the United Kingdom and the monarchy of Canada, for example, are distinct although they are in personal union). It can also refer to the rule of law; however, in common parlance 'The Crown' refers to the functions of government and the civil service. Thus, in the United Kingdom (one of the Commonwealth realms), the government of the United Kingdom can be distinguished from the Crown and the state, in precise usage, although the distinction is not always relevant in broad or casual usage. A corporation sole, the Crown is the legal embodiment of execut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Government
Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of public administration within a particular sovereign state. This particular usage of the word government refers specifically to a level of administration that is both geographically-localised and has limited powers. While in some countries, "government" is normally reserved purely for a national administration (government) (which may be known as a central government or federal government), the term local government is always used specifically in contrast to national government – as well as, in many cases, the activities of sub-national, first-level administrative divisions (which are generally known by names such as cantons, provinces, states, oblasts, or regions). Local governments generally act only within powers specifically delegated to them by law and/or directives of a higher level of government. In federal states, local government generally comprises a third or fourth tier of government, whereas in unitary state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provinces Of Sweden
The provinces of Sweden ( sv, Sveriges landskap) are historical, geographical and cultural regions. Sweden has 25 provinces; they have no administrative function (except for in some cases as sport districts), but remain historical legacies and a means of cultural identification as pertains, for example, to dialects and folklore. Several of them were subdivisions of Sweden until 1634, when they were replaced by the counties of Sweden (''län''). Some were conquered later on from Denmark–Norway. Others, like the provinces of Finland, were lost. Lapland is the only province acquired through colonization. In some cases, the administrative counties correspond almost exactly to the provinces, as is Blekinge to Blekinge County and Gotland, which is a province, county and a municipality. While not exactly corresponding with the province, Härjedalen Municipality is beside Gotland the only municipality named after a province. In other cases, the county borders do not correspond with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counties Of Sweden
The counties of Sweden (Swedish: ''Sveriges län'') are the top-level geographic subdivisions of Sweden. Sweden is today divided into 21 counties; however, the number of counties has varied over time, due to territorial gains/losses and to divisions and/or mergers of existing counties. This level of administrative unit was first established in the 1634 Instrument of Government on Lord Chancellor Count Axel Oxenstierna's initiative, and superseded the historical provinces of Sweden ( sv, landskap) in order to introduce a more efficient administration of the realm. At that time, they were what the translation of ''län'' into English literally means: fiefdoms. The county borders often follow the provincial borders, but the Crown often chose to make slight relocations to suit its purposes. In every county there is a county administrative board (''länsstyrelse'') headed by a governor ('' landshövding''), appointed by the government, as well as a separate regional council ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord High Treasurer Of Sweden
The Lord High Treasurer (Swedish: ''Riksskattmästare'') was a highly prominent member of the Swedish Privy Council between 1602 and 1684, excluding periods when the office was out of use. The Lord High Treasurer was head of the ''Kammarkollegium'' and, from 1634, one of five Great Officers of the Realm. Origin A "Master of the Chamber" (''kammarmästare'') or chamberlain, with the responsibility to supervise issues concerning the economy of the state, is mentioned as early as the beginning of the 14th century. During Gustav Vasa's time as king (1523–1560), the title was called ''överste räknemästare'' as well, and the office holder was head of the chamber (''kammaren''), which was the first central bureau of Sweden. Later in the 16th century, an ''överste räknemästare'' is among the privy councillors. From 1602, the chief of the chamber was named Lord High Treasurer, ''riksskattmästare''. The office during the 17th century The chamber was reorganized and renamed ''Kammar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna
Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna af Korsholm och Wasa, 1st Count of Korsholma and Vaasa, Finnish: ''Gabriel Pentinpoika Oxenstierna'', (18 March 1586 at Lindholmen Castle, Västergötland – 12 December 1656 at Edsberg Manor, Sollentuna) was a Swedish statesman, jurist and diplomat. Biography Oxenstierna was the son of Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna the Elder, councillor to Duke Charles of Södermanland, Närke and Värmland (later King Charles IX), and his first wife Sigrid Gustafsdotter (Tre Rosor). He was orphaned at an early age. Like other contemporary members of the influential Oxenstierna family, he was educated abroad and entered the service of King Charles IX upon his return in 1606. He retained royal favour during the rule of King Gustavus Adolphus and was made Governor-General of Reval and Swedish Estonia in 1611, subsequently being appointed Privy Councillor and Master of the Ordnance in 1617. Alongside his more famous cousins, Lord Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord High Steward Of Sweden
The Lord High Steward or Lord High Justiciar (Swedish: ''Riksdrots'' or only '' Drots'') was a highly prominent member of the Swedish Privy Council from the 13th century until 1809, excluding periods when the office was out of use. Middle Ages The first mentioning of the title "'' drots''" in Sweden, concerns the reign of Magnus Ladulås and the year 1276. It is difficult to say anything definite about the status of the office at that time, but sources from the 14th century shows the width of the power of the Lord High Steward. The influence seems to have been vast, as long as the steward managed to stay out of doing things against the will of the king himself. The steward was the king's closest confidant and during the guardian regency at the time of Magnus Eriksson's adolescence (1319–1331), the title holder (mostly Knut Jonsson) was the mightiest man in Sweden. In the latter stages of the 14th century, during conflicts between the king and the Swedish noblemen, the title beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Gustafsson Oxenstierna
Baron Gabriel Gustafsson Oxenstierna (15 June 1587 – 27 November 1640) was a Swedish statesman. Born either in Tyresö, Sweden, or in Reval (modern Tallinn, Estonia), he was the son of Privy Councillor Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna and Barbro Axelsdotter Bielke. As such he was brother of, among others, Lord High Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna. Career Oxenstierna began studying in Uppsala. He continued to study abroad, in German towns Rostock, Wittenberg and Jena. After his return to Sweden, he was in the service of King Charles IX from 1604. From 1612 he was chancellor and chief adviser of Duke John, son of former King John III. Also in 1612, Oxenstierna was appointed governor of Estonia. In 1617 he became a Privy Councillor and a marshal of the court of King Gustavus Adolphus. Being a close confidant of older brother Axel Oxenstierna (Lord High Chancellor 1612–1654) as well as of the king, Gabriel Oxenstierna was used as a diplomatic representative on numerous occas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Officers Of The Realm
The Great Officers of the Realm (Swedish: ''De högre riksämbetsmännen'') were the five leading members of the Swedish Privy Council from the later parts of the 16th century to around 1680. With the constitution of 1634, the five officers became heads of five different branches of government (Swedish: ''kollegium''). The same constitution also declared that the great officers were to act as regents during the minorities of kings or regnal queens. All great officers of the realm were abolished by king Carl XI of Sweden. The Lord High Steward and the Lord High Chancellor offices were revived in the late 18th century, but were soon removed again. The five great officers The great officers were, in order of a ranking which was established in 1634, the following: # Lord High Steward (or Lord High Justiciar) (Swedish: ''Riksdrots'') # Lord High Constable (Swedish: ''Riksmarsk'') # Lord High Admiral (Swedish: ''Riksamiral'') # Lord High Chancellor (Swedish: ''Rikskansler'') # Lor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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