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Information Scandal
The Muldergate scandal, also known as the Information Scandal or Infogate, was a South African political scandal involving a secret propaganda campaign conducted by the apartheid Department of Information. It centred on revelations about the Department's use of a multi-million rand secret slush fund, channelled from the defence budget, to fund an ambitious series of projects in publishing, media relations, public relations, lobbying, and diplomacy. Most ambitiously, the fund was used to establish a new pro-government newspaper, the ''Citizen'', and in attempts to purchase both the '' Rand Daily Mail'' and the ''Washington Star''. The projects, involving a total amount of at least $72 million (over $300 million in 2021 terms), aimed primarily to counter negative perceptions of the South African government in foreign countries, especially in the West. The scandal broke in 1977 and implicated the Prime Minister, B. J. Vorster. Also centrally involved in "Project Annemarie" were Esche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Scandal
In politics, a political scandal is an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage. Politicians, government officials, party officials and lobbyists can be accused of various illegal, corrupt, unethical or sexual practices. Scandalized politicians are more likely to retire or get lower vote shares. Journalism Scandal sells, and broadsides, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines and the electronic media have covered it in depth. The Muckraker movement in American journalism was a component of the Progressive Era in the U.S. in the early 20th century. Journalists have built their careers on exposure of corruption and political scandal, often acting on behalf of the opposition party. There are numerous contextual factors that make a scandal noteworthy, such as the importance of the people, the depth of conspiracy and the coverup strategies used. The political ideology of media owners plays a role—they prefer to target the oppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerald Sparrow
Gerald Sparrow (1903–1988) was a British lawyer, judge and travel writer. He served on the International Court in Bangkok, Thailand, for over 20 years. He was the president of the Club of Ten, a pro-apartheid organization, and the author of over 40 books. Early life Gerald Sparrow was born in 1903 in Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire. He attended Sherborne School in Dorset, then Trinity Hall, University of Cambridge, where he was the president of the Cambridge Union Society. Career Sparrow practised as a barrister in Manchester in the mid-1920s, then (invited by the Crown Prince) emigrated to Siam (now Thailand), where he was appointed, in 1930 and aged only 26 or 27, as a judge on the International Court (which tried cases involving non-Thais) in Bangkok. He served on the court "for two decades". He was also the author of "over 40 books, mostly about travel". Sparrow was the president of the Club of Ten, a pro-apartheid organization whose members included South African, Britis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Sacramento Union
''The Sacramento Union'' was a daily newspaper founded in 1851 in Sacramento, California. It was the oldest daily newspaper west of the Mississippi River before it closed its doors after 143 years in January 1994, no longer able to compete with ''The Sacramento Bee'', which was founded in 1857, just six years after the ''Union''. Founding The birth of this storied newspaper institution began in 1851 when the city of Sacramento was in its infancy. Under the direction of its first editor, Dr. John F. Morse, who had attracted proprietors through letters to the ''New Orleans Delta'' and well-known literary attainments, The ''Union'' was initially printed as ''The Daily Union'' on Wednesday, March 19, 1851. Upon the front page of this 23-inch by 34-inch paper, Morse addressed the readers of The ''Union'', committing to “publish the first news in the best style and at the lowest prices” and “to have an efficient correspondent in every important town and mining region in the state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. Founded in 1828, it was predominantly built by Martin Van Buren, who assembled a wide cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party.M. Philip Lucas, "Martin Van Buren as Party Leader and at Andrew Jackson's Right Hand." in ''A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861'' (2014): 107–129."The Democratic Party, founded in 1828, is the world's oldest political party" states Its main political rival has been the Republican Party since the 1850s. The party is a big tent, and though it is often described as liberal, it is less ideologically uniform than the Republican Party (with major individuals within it frequently holding widely different political views) due to the broader list of unique voting blocs that compose it. The historical predecessor of the Democratic Party is considered to be th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Harber
Anton Harber (October 27, 1958) is a South African journalist. He is executive director of the Campaign for Free Expression, director of the Henry Nxumalo Foundation an adjunct professor of journalism at the University of the Witwatersrand, and the co-editor or author of five books. Early life Anton Harber was born on October 27, 1958 in Durban, South Africa. He went to Carmel College, Durban, and graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand. Career Harber started his career at the Springs Advertiser and worked at the Sunday Post, the Sowetan and Rand Daily Mail newspapers. He was political reporter on the Rand Daily Mail when it was closed in 1985. He was a founding co-editor of the ''Weekly Mail'', later known as the ''Mail & Guardian, 1985-1997.'' He was then chief executive officer of Kagiso Broadcasting (Pty) Ltd and executive director of Kagiso Media Ltd. He left to form internet company BIG Media (Pty) Ltd. Harber was appointed to the Caxton Chair of Journalism at h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Luyt
Louis Luyt (18 June 1932 – 1 February 2013) was a South African business tycoon and politician, and one-time rugby administrator. Having been a rugby player as a young man, Luyt went on to become a businessman. He founded Triomf Fertiliser and Luyt Breweries, and took control of Ellis Park stadium in Johannesburg. Distrusted by the Afrikaner elite, Luyt achieved financial success without being a member of the secretive Afrikaner Broederbond, Broederbond. The Citizen In 1976, during the apartheid era, Luyt founded a new English language newspaper, The Citizen (South Africa), The Citizen. It was later revealed that the money to establish and finance the newspaper had come from a secret slush fund of the Department of Information, and ultimately from the Department of Defense. Rugby administrator He was president of the South African Rugby Union when the South African national rugby union team, Springboks, the national team, won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, Rugby World Cup in 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airborne Leaflet Propaganda
Airborne leaflet propaganda is a form of psychological warfare in which leaflets ( flyers) are scattered in the air. Military forces have used aircraft to drop leaflets to attempt to alter the behavior of combatants and non-combatants in enemy-controlled territory, sometimes in conjunction with air strikes. Humanitarian air missions, in cooperation with leaflet propaganda, can turn the populace against their leadership while preparing them for the arrival of enemy combatants. Functions of leaflet propaganda There are six different functions of airborne leaflet propaganda that have been used over the past century: ; Threaten destruction : Warn enemy combatants and non-combatants that their area will be targeted. This has the dual purpose of reducing collateral damage and encouraging enemy combatants and non-combatants (who may be engaged in wartime production) to abandon their duties, reducing the target's military effectiveness. ; Prompt the enemy to surrender : Explain to pros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angolan Civil War
The Angolan Civil War ( pt, Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war immediately began after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was a power struggle between two former anti-colonial guerrilla movements, the communist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the turned anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). The war was used as a surrogate battleground for the Cold War by rival states such as the Soviet Union, Cuba, South Africa, and the United States. The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in Angolan society and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial rule. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA with UNITA during the war for independence, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dick Clark (senator)
Richard Clarence Clark (born September 14, 1928) is an American politician who represented the state of Iowa in the United States Senate from 1973 to 1979. Early life Richard Clarence Clark was born on September 14, 1928, in Paris, Iowa. He graduated from Lamont High School in 1947 and enlisted in the U.S. Army, serving in Europe during the Korean War. Clark was educated at the University of Maryland, Wiesbaden and the University of Frankfurt from 1950 to 1952 during his military service. He completed his BA in 1953 at Upper Iowa University and his Masters in 1956 at the University of Iowa. He then became a professor at Upper Iowa University and a Democratic Party volunteer, working to collect names, addresses and phone numbers of party members with the goal of contacting them on election day to get them to the polls. This resulted in Democratic victories in an otherwise Republican area. This caught the attention of attorney John Culver of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, who enlisted C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John V
John V may refer to: * Patriarch John V of Alexandria or John the Merciful (died by 620), Patriarch of Alexandria from 606 to 616 * John V of Constantinople, Patriarch from 669 to 675 * Pope John V (685–686), Pope from 685 to his death in 686 * John V of Jerusalem, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem in 706–735 * John V the Historian or Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi, Catholicos of Armenia from 897 to 925 * John V of Gaeta (1010–1040) * John V of Naples (died 1042), Duke from 1036 to 1042 * John V, Count of Soissons, (1281–1304) * John V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (1302–1317) * John V Palaiologos (1332–1391), Byzantine Emperor from 1341 * John V, Count of Sponheim-Starkenburg (1359–1437), German nobleman * John V, Lord of Arkel (1362–1428) * John V, Duke of Brittany (1389–1442), Count of Montfort * John V, Duke of Mecklenburg (1418–1443) * John V, Count of Hoya (died 1466), nicknamed ''the Pugnacious'' or ''the Wild'' * John V, Count of Armagnac (1420–1473 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UPITN
United Press International Television News, abbreviated as UPITN, was a television news agency, operating from 1967 to 1985. It was the successor to earlier UPI television news film operations United Press Movietone and United Press International Newsfilm. It was at the forefront of international television newsgathering and had a vast network of foreign bureaus around the world with film crews capturing images of the events and people that defined the era. United Press International Television News and Visnews were the two largest and most important television news agencies at the time. In 1985, after UPI sold its interest, it was renamed Worldwide Television News, or WTN. In 1998 WTN was bought out by the 'Associated Press', to become Associated Press Television News. History United Press Movietone The agreement between United Press International, United Press and Movietone News, Fox-Movietone to shoot newsfilm for television stations was announced on July 13, 1948. United Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
