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Indonesian Rupiah
The rupiah (Currency symbol, symbol: Rp; ISO 4217, currency code: IDR) is the official currency of Indonesia, issued and controlled by Bank Indonesia. Its name is derived from the Sanskrit word for silver, (). Sometimes, Indonesians also informally use the word ( in Indonesian language, Indonesian) in referring to rupiah in coins. The rupiah is divided into 100 Cent (currency), cents (), although high inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in cents obsolete. The rupiah was introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists Indonesian National Revolution, fighting for independence. It replaced the Japanese government-issued currency in the Dutch East Indies, Japanese-issued version of the Netherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years, the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Language
Indonesian (; ) is the official language, official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standard language, standardized variety (linguistics), variety of Malay language, Malay, an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. With over 280 million inhabitants, Indonesia ranks as the list of countries by population, fourth-most populous nation globally. According to the 2020 census, over 97% of Indonesians are fluent in Indonesian, making it the largest language by number of speakers in Southeast Asia and one of the List of languages by total number of speakers, most widely spoken languages in the world.James Neil Sneddon. ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society''. UNSW Press, 2004. Indonesian vocabulary has been influenced by various native regional languages such as Javanese language, Javanese, Sundanese language, Sundanese, Minangkabau language, Min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands Indies Gulden
The Netherlands Indies guilder (Dutch language, Dutch: ''Nederlands-Indische gulden'', Indonesian language, Malay-Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, Van Ophuijsen spelling: ''Roepiah Hindia-Belanda'') was the unit of account of the Dutch East Indies from 1602 under the United East India Company (), following Dutch practice first adopted in the 15th century (guilder coins were not minted in the Netherlands between 1558 and 1681 and none circulated in the Indies until a century later). A variety of Dutch, Spanish and Asian coins were in official and common usage. After the collapse of the VOC at the end of the 18th century, control of the islands reverted to the Dutch government, which issued silver 'Netherlands Indies' guilder and fractional silver and copper coins until Indonesian independence in 1945. History Prior to European contact A number of forms of payment were found throughout the archipelago prior to European contact. Stamped gold and silver masa and kupang date from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garuda Pancasila
The national emblem of Indonesia is called in Indonesian. The main part is the Garuda with a Escutcheon (heraldry), heraldic shield on its chest and a scroll gripped by its legs. The shield's five emblems represent ''Pancasila (politics), Pancasila'', the five principles of Indonesia's national ideology. The Garuda claws gripping a white ribbon scroll inscribed with the national motto ''Bhinneka Tunggal Ika'' written in black text, which can be loosely translated as "Unity in Diversity". ''Garuda Pancasila'' was designed by Sultan Hamid II from Pontianak, Indonesia, Pontianak, supervised by Sukarno, and was adopted as the national emblem on 11 February 1950. History Garuda, the discipled carrier or vehicle (vahana) of the Hindu god Vishnu, appears in many ancient Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist temples of ancient Indonesia. Temples such as Mendut, Borobudur, Sajiwan, Prambanan, Kidal Temple, Kidal, Candi Penataran, Penataran, Belahan, and Candi Sukuh, Sukuh depict the im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian 50-rupiah Coin
The fifty rupiah coin (Rp50) is a denomination of the Indonesian rupiah. It was first introduced in 1971 and last minted in 2003. As of 2020, only aluminum Rp50 coins dating from 1999 through 2003 remain legal tender, although it is rarely seen in circulation due to its extremely low value. First issue (1971-1990) The Rp50 coin was first introduced in 1971 as a cupronickel coin that weighed , had a diameter, was thick, and had a milled edge. Its obverse featured the lettering "BANK INDONESIA," "50 RUPIAH," and "1971," as well as two stars, while its reverse featured the lettering "Rp50" and a portrait of the greater bird-of-paradise (''Paradisea apoda''). A total of 1,035,435,000 coins were minted. These coins were demonetized on June 25, 2002, and were redeemable in commercial banks until June 24, 2007 and Bank Indonesia offices until June 24, 2012. Second issue (1991-1998) In 1991, the Bank of Indonesia issued an aluminum-bronze Rp50 coin that they minted until 1998. It w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IDR 50 Koin
IDR may refer to: * Indonesian rupiah, by ISO 4217 currency code * Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, Indore, India, by IATA code * Instantaneous Decoding Refresh in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video, see Network Abstraction Layer * Incentive Distribution Rights, see Master limited partnership * Idiosyncratic drug reaction, a type of adverse drug reaction that is specific to an individual * Independence Day: Resurgence, 2016 film * Indian Depository Receipt, a financial instrument * Inner Distribution Road, a ring road in Reading, Berkshire, UK * International Depository Receipt, a negotiable security * Iskandar Development Region, the southern development corridor in Johor, Malaysia * ''Jane's International Defence Review'', a monthly magazine reporting on military news and technology * In Death Reborn, album by ''Army of the Pharaohs'' * Volkswagen I.D. R The Volkswagen I.D. R also known as Volkswagen I.D. R Pikes Peak, is a Sports prototype, prototype fully electric vehi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element; it has symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel is a hard and ductile transition metal. Pure nickel is chemically reactive, but large pieces are slow to react with air under standard conditions because a passivation layer of nickel oxide forms on the surface that prevents further corrosion. Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually in ultramafic rocks, and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere. Meteoric nickel is found in combination with iron, a reflection of the origin of those elements as major end products of supernova nucleosynthesis. An iron–nickel mixture is thought to compose Earth's outer and inner cores. Use of nickel (as natural meteoric nickel–iron alloy) has been traced as far back as 3500 BCE. Nickel was first isolated and classifie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Dollar
The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and International use of the U.S. dollar, several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introduced the U.S. dollar at par with the Spanish dollar, Spanish silver dollar, divided it into 100 cent (currency), cents, and authorized the Mint (facility), minting of coins denominated in dollars and cents. U.S. banknotes are issued in the form of Federal Reserve Notes, popularly called greenbacks due to their predominantly green color. The U.S. dollar was originally defined under a bimetallism, bimetallic standard of (0.7734375 troy ounces) fine silver or, from Coinage Act of 1834, 1834, fine gold, or $20.67 per troy ounce. The Gold Standard Act of 1900 linked the dollar solely to gold. From 1934, its equivalence to gold was revised to $35 per troy ounce. In 1971 all links to gold were repealed. The U.S. dollar became an important intern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agus Martowardojo
Agus Dermawan Wintarto Martowardojo (born 24 January 1956) is an Indonesian economist and banker who served as Governor of Bank Indonesia, Indonesia's central bank, from 2013 to 2018. Previously, he served as Minister of Finance from 2010 to 2013 after succeeding former minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati, who resigned from the office and took position as Managing Director of the World Bank Group. Early career Agus was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands. After graduating from University of Indonesia's Faculty of Economics in 1984, he became an international loan officer at the Indonesian branch of Bank of America. Agus has a long career as one of top bankers in Indonesia. He was the Chief Executive Officer of Bank Mandiri, the largest bank in Indonesia, between 2005 and 2010. He was the President Director of Bank Bumiputera (1995–1998) and President Director of Bank Ekspor Impor Indonesia (1998–1999). His performance as head of Bank Mandiri was considered successful, as he slashed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redenomination
In monetary economics, redenomination is the process of changing the face value of banknotes and coins in circulation. It may be done because inflation has made the currency unit so small that only large denominations of the currency are in circulation. In such cases the name of the currency may change or the original name may be used with a temporary qualifier such as "new". Redenomination may be done for other reasons such as changing over to a new currency such as the Euro or during decimalisation. Redenomination itself is considered symbolic as it does not have any impact on a country's exchange rate in relation to other currencies. It may, however, have a psychological impact on the population by suggesting that a period of hyperinflation is over, and is not a reminder of how much inflation has impacted them. The reduction in the number of zeros also improves the image of the country abroad. Inflation over time is the main cause for the purchasing power of the monetary un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Irian Rupiah
The West Irian rupiah was a distinct currency of West Irian (formerly West New Guinea) between 1963 and 1973. It replaced the West New Guinea gulden at par and was replaced by the Indonesian rupiah at the rate of 1 West Irian rupiah = 18.9 Indonesian rupiah. History The presence of the Dutch in Netherlands New Guinea had been a subject of disagreement ever since the treaty that negotiated the Dutch withdrawal from Indonesia in 1949. The Dutch were unwilling to cede to Indonesian control, preferring instead to establish a state of Papua (Indonesian province), Papua. The Indonesians eventually broke off diplomatic relations with the Dutch, on 17 August 1960. Due to the Indonesians insurgency and confusion over the status of the province, the UN took control as West New Guinea under the authority of the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority on 1 October 1962. On 1 May 1963, UNTEA agreed that the province would be transferred to Indonesia, as Irian Barat (West Irian), a province o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riau Rupiah
The Riau rupiah was a distinct currency of the Riau Islands Province, Riau Archipelago between 1963 and 1964. It replaced the Malaya and British Borneo dollar at par and was replaced by the Indonesian rupiah at the rate of 1 Riau rupiah = 14.7 Indonesian rupiah. History Riau, though part of Dutch and Indonesian territory, was economically under the influence of neighbouring Federation of Malaya, Malaya In order to affirm its fiscal stake in the region, a decree was passed on 15 October 1963 to replace the Malaya and British Borneo dollar (the circulating currency) with an Indonesian-issued currency, the Riau rupiah, which replaced the dollar at par. Although the Riau rupiah resembled the Indonesian rupiah in appearance, it had a much higher value. Malayan money was withdrawn from 1 November 1963. The Riau rupiah was exchangeable as a foreign currency with the Indonesian rupiah. The Riau rupiah was much shorter lived than the West Irian rupiah (which circulated from May 1963 until 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irian Barat
Western New Guinea, also known as Papua, Indonesian New Guinea, and Indonesian Papua, is the western half of the island of New Guinea, formerly Dutch and granted to Indonesia in 1962. Given the island is alternatively named Papua, the region is also called West Papua (). It is one of the seven geographical units of Indonesia in ISO 3166-2:ID. Lying to the west of Papua New Guinea and geographically a part of the Australian continent, the territory is almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere and includes the Biak and Raja Ampat archipelagoes. The region is predominantly covered with rainforest where traditional peoples live, including the Dani of the Baliem Valley. A large proportion of the population live in or near coastal areas. The largest city is Jayapura. The island of New Guinea has been populated for tens of thousands of years. European traders began frequenting the region around the late 16th century due to spice trade. In the end, the Dutch Empire emerged as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
