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Index Of Auditing Articles ...
This page is a list of auditing topics. A Audit C Control risk - Correctness - Cut-off D Detection risk -Due diligence -Engagement letter E Existence - External audit - External auditor E Financial statement assertions F Fraud deterrence G Going concern I Inherent risk - Internal audit - Internal auditor - Internal control - International Federation of Accountants - International Standards on Auditing M Management representations R Risk assessment S Sampling risk -Stocktaking {{DEFAULTSORT:Auditing Topics Auditing topics Auditing Auditing An audit is an "independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit oriented or not, irrespective of its size or legal form when such an examination is conducted with a view to express an opinion thereon.” Auditing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Audit
An audit is an "independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit oriented or not, irrespective of its size or legal form when such an examination is conducted with a view to express an opinion thereon.” Auditing also attempts to ensure that the books of accounts are properly maintained by the concern as required by law. Auditors consider the propositions before them, obtain evidence, and evaluate the propositions in their auditing report. Audits provide third-party assurance to various stakeholder (corporate), stakeholders that the subject matter is free from Materiality (auditing) , material misstatement. The term is most frequently applied to audits of the financial information relating to a legal person. Other commonly audited areas include: secretarial and compliance, internal controls, quality management, project management, water management, and energy conservation. As a result of an audit, stakeholders may evaluate and improve the effecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inherent Risk (accounting)
Inherent risk, in a financial audit, measures the auditor's assessment of the likelihood that there are material misstatements due to error or fraud in segment before considering the effectiveness of internal control. If the auditor concludes that a high likelihood exist, the auditor will conclude that inherent risk is high. See also *Inherent risk Inherent risk, in risk management, is an assessed level of raw or untreated risk; that is, the natural level of risk inherent in a process or activity without doing anything to reduce the likelihood or mitigate the severity of a mishap, or the amoun ... * Control risk References {{reflist * Jackson & Stent, 2010: Auditing Notes for South African Students (7th Edition) Auditing terms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stocktaking
Stock-taking or "inventory checking" or "wall-to-wall" is the physical verification of the quantities and condition of items held in an inventory or warehouse. This may be done to provide an audit of existing stock. It is also the source of stock discrepancy information. Stock-taking may be performed as an intensive annual, end of fiscal year, procedure or may be done continuously by means of a cycle count. An annual end of fiscal year stock-taking is typically undertaken for use in a company's financial statements. It is often done in the presence of the external auditors who are auditing the financial statements. Periodic counting is usually undertaken for regular, inexpensive items. The term "periodic" may refer to annual stock count. However, "periodic" may also refer to half yearly, seasonal, quarterly, monthly, bi-monthly or daily.Applegate, M.How Often Should You Do Inventory? accessed 2 February 2017 For expensive items a shorter period of stock-taking is preferred. A stoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sampling Risk
Sampling risk is one of the many types of risks an auditor may face when performing the necessary procedure of audit sampling. Audit sampling exists because of the impractical and costly effects of examining all or 100% of a client's records or books. As a result, a "sample" of a client's accounts are examined. Due to the negative effects produced by sampling risk, an auditor may have to perform additional procedures which in turn can impact the overall efficiency of the audit. Sampling risk represents the possibility that an auditor's conclusion based on a sample is different from that reached if the entire population were subject to audit procedure. The auditor may conclude that material misstatements exist, when in fact they do not; or material misstatements do not exist but in fact they do exist. Auditors can lower the sampling risk by increasing the sampling size. Although there are many types of risks associated with the audit process, each type primarily has an effect on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Risk Assessment
Broadly speaking, a risk assessment is the combined effort of: # identifying and analyzing potential (future) events that may negatively impact individuals, assets, and/or the environment (i.e. hazard analysis); and # making judgments "on the tolerability of the risk on the basis of a risk analysis" while considering influencing factors (i.e. risk evaluation). Put in simpler terms, a risk assessment determines possible mishaps, their likelihood and consequences, and the tolerances for such events. The results of this process may be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative fashion. Risk assessment is an inherent part of a broader risk management strategy to help reduce any potential risk-related consequences. Need Individual risk assessment Risk assessment are done in individual cases, including patient and physician interactions. Individual judgements or assessments of risk may be affected by psychological, ideological, religious or otherwise subjective factors, which impa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Management Representation
Management representation is a letter issued by a client to the auditor in writing as part of audit evidences. The representations letter covers all periods encompassed by the audit report, and is dated the same date of audit work completion. It is used to let the client's management declare in writing that everything is MRL and is sufficient and appropriate and without omission of material facts to the financial statements, to the best of the management's knowledge. It serves to document management's representations during the audit, reducing misunderstandings of management's responsibilities for the financial statements. MRL is Audit, Audit is MRL For audit evidence, it is reliable if the auditor has no other means of obtaining evidence. Examples may include situations involving contingent liabilities or off-balance-sheet liabilities. The person issuing the letter should have the appropriate authority or seniority in the organization to vouch on the issue. In the case of cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Standards On Auditing
International Standards on Auditing (ISA) are professional standards for the auditing of financial information. These standards are issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). According to Olung M (CAO - L), ISA guides the auditor to add value to the assignment hence building confidence of investors. The standards cover various areas of auditing, including respective responsibilities, audit planning, Internal Control, audit evidence, using the work of other experts, audit conclusions and audit reports, and standards for specialized areas. Use of the ISAs * European Union: The Audit Directive of 17 May 2006 enforces the use of the ''International Standards on Auditing'' for all Statutory audits to be performed in the European Union. The Audit Directive of 17 May 2006 is important in order to ensure a high quality for all statutory audits required by Community law requiring all statutory audits be carried out on the basis of all international audi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Federation Of Accountants
The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) is the global advocacy organization for the accountancy profession; mainly for the financial accounting and auditing professions. Founded in 1977, IFAC has more than 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 3 million accountants employed in public practice, industry and commerce, government, and academia. The organization supports the development, adoption, and implementation of international standards for accounting education, ethics, and the public sector as well as audit and assurance. It supports four independent standard-setting boards, which establish international standards on ethics, auditing and assurance, accounting education, and public sector accounting. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in small and medium business accounting practices. To ensure the activities of IFAC and the independent standard-setting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Control
Internal control, as defined by accounting and auditing, is a process for assuring of an organization's objectives in operational effectiveness and efficiency, reliable financial reporting, and compliance with laws, regulations and policies. A broad concept, internal control involves everything that controls risks to an organization. It is a means by which an organization's resources are directed, monitored, and measured. It plays an important role in detecting and preventing fraud and protecting the organization's resources, both physical (e.g., machinery and property) and intangible (e.g., reputation or intellectual property such as trademarks). At the organizational level, internal control objectives relate to the reliability of financial reporting, timely feedback on the achievement of operational or strategic goals, and compliance with laws and regulations. At the specific transaction level, internal controls refers to the actions taken to achieve a specific objective (e.g., ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Auditor
An internal auditor is an auditor who is appointed by the Board of directors of the company in order to carry out the internal audit function. Generally an employee of the company acts as an internal auditor, whereas some companies appoint an external expert as an internal auditor. Though an internal auditor is appointed by the management or an employee of the company, independence is the prime requisite for the execution of an internal audit. Compromise in independence may distort the objectivity of an internal audit. An internal auditor is responsible to the Board functionally and administratively to the management of the company, and the auditor submits the report to the Board. See also * internal audit Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to ... References {{Reflist I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Audit
Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. Internal auditing might achieve this goal by providing insight and recommendations based on analyses and assessments of data and business processes. With commitment to integrity and accountability, internal auditing provides value to governing bodies and senior management as an objective source of independent advice. Professionals called internal auditors are employed by organizations to perform the internal auditing activity. The scope of internal auditing within an organization may be broad and may involve topics such as an organization's governance, risk management and management controls over: efficiency/effectiveness of operations (includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
