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Imad Ad-Din Zangi
Imad al-Din Zengi ( ar, عماد الدین زنكي; – 14 September 1146), also romanized as Zangi, Zengui, Zenki, and Zanki, was a Turkmen atabeg, who ruled Mosul, Aleppo, Hama, and, later, Edessa. He was the namesake of the Zengid dynasty. Early life Zengi's father, Aq Sunqur al-Hajib, governor of Aleppo under Malik-Shah I, was beheaded by Tutush I for treason in 1094. At the time, Zengi was about 10 years old and brought up by Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul. Zengi against Damascus Following the death in 1128 of Toghtekin, ''atabeg'' of Damascus, a power vacuum threatened to open Syria to renewed Crusader aggression. Zengi became ''atabeg'' of Mosul in 1127 and of Aleppo in 1128, uniting the two cities under his personal rule, and was formally invested as their ruler by the Sultan Mahmud II. Zengi had supported the young sultan against his rival, the caliph al-Mustarshid. In 1130 Zengi allied with Taj al-Mulk Buri of Damascus against the Crusaders, but this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuk Turks who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armeno-Georgian family of Mkhargrdzeli as a military title and then within the house of Jaqeli as princes of Samtskhe. Title origins and meanings The word ''atabeg'' is a compound of the Turkic word ''ata'', "ancestor", or "father" and the word ''beg'' or ''bey'', "lord, leader, prince". ''Beg'' is stated in some sources as being of Iranian origin (as in the compound Baghdad from ''bag/beg'' and ''dad'', "lord" given). However, according to Gerhard Doerfer, the word ''beg'' may have possibly been of Turkic origin – the origin of the word still remains disputed to this day. The title ''Atabeg'' was co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zengid Campaign Against Antioch
The Zengid campaign against Antioch occurred in 1135 when Imad al-Din Zengi staged a successful campaign against the Principality of Antioch. In 1135 Imad al-Din Zengi conducted a major campaign against the Principality of Antioch The Principality of Antioch was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of Edessa or the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It extende .... While his lieutenant Sawar threatened Turbessel, Aintab and Azaz, Zengi swept past the eastern frontier.Runciman, StevenA History of the Crusades. Vol. 3.CUP Archive, 1987. Zengi inflicted major defeats against Antioch, capturing Atharib, Zardana, Tell Aghdi, Ma’arat al-Nu’man, Ma’arrat Misrin and Kafartab.Mikaberidze, Alexander, edConflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia (2 volumes): A Historical Encyclopedia.abc-clio, 2011.Morton, NicholasThe Crusader States and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Syria
Syria (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔒂𔒠 ''Sura/i''; gr, Συρία) or Sham ( ar, ٱلشَّام, ash-Shām) is the name of a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in Western Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant. Other synonyms are Greater Syria or Syria-Palestine. The region boundaries have changed throughout history. In modern times, the term "Syria" alone is used to refer to the Arab Republic of Syria. The term is originally derived from Assyria, an ancient civilization centered in northern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. During the Hellenistic period, the term Syria was applied to the entire Levant as Coele-Syria. Under Roman rule, the term was used to refer to the province of Syria, later divided into Syria Phoenicia and Coele Syria, and to the province of Syria Palaestina. Under the Byzantines, the provinces of Syria Prima and Syria Secunda emerged out of Coele Syria. After the Muslim conquest of the Levant, the term was superseded by the Arabic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damascus
)), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Syria#Mediterranean east#Arab world#Asia , pushpin_label_position = right , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Location of Damascus within Syria , pushpin_relief = 1 , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Governorate , subdivision_name1 = Damascus Governorate, Capital City , government_footnotes = , government_type = , leader_title = Governor , leader_name = Mohammad Tariq Kreishati , parts_type = Municipalities , parts = 16 , established_title = , established_date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toghtekin
Toghtekin or Tughtekin (Modern tr, Tuğtekin; Arabicised epithet: ''Zahir ad-Din Tughtikin''; died February 12, 1128), also spelled Tughtegin, was a Turkic military leader, who was ''atabeg'' of Damascus from 1104 to 1128. He was the founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus. Biography Toghtekin was a junior officer to Tutush I, Seljuq emir of Damascus and Syria. After the former's death in 1095, civil war erupted, and Toghtekin supported Tutush's son Duqaq as emir of the city against Ridwan, the emir of Aleppo. In the chaotic years which ensued Toghtekin was sent to reconquer the town of Jebleh, which had rebelled against the ''qadi'' of Tripoli, but he was unable to accomplish his task. On October 21, 1097, a Crusader army began the siege of Antioch. The local emir, Yaghi-Siyan, though nominally under Ridwan's suzerainty, appealed to Duqaq to send an armed force to their rescue. Duqaq sent Toghtekin, but on December 31, 1097, he was defeated by Bohemund of Taranto and Rob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerbogha
Qiwam al-Dawla Kerbogha ( tr, Kürboğa), known as Kerbogha or Karbughā, was atabeg of Mosul during the First Crusade and was renowned as a soldier. Early life Kerbogha was a Seljuk Turk who owed his success to his military talent. He supported Malik-Shah I's wife Terken Khatun and her four-year-old son Mahmud I who was installed on the throne at Baghdad. Kerbogha was sent with an army to secure Isfahan and to arrest Berkyaruq. However, Mahmud's supporters were defeated by Berkyaruq' forces at Isfahan in January 1093. A month later, he joined the Seljuk prince Ismail ibn Yaquti against Berkyaruq army which was victorious once more. Later on, Kerbogha joined Berkyaruq, then he was sent in 1094 to fight against Tutush I who declared himself Sultan in Syria, but he was imprisoned along with his brother Altuntaş in Aleppo then Homs. Upon the death of Tutush, he was released by Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan. In 1095, he served under the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mustazhir in his attempted reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tutush I
Abu Sa'id Taj al-Dawla Tutush (; died 25 February 1095) or Tutush I, was the Seljuk emir of Damascus from 1078 to 1092, and sultan of Damascus from 1092 to 1094. Years under Malik Shah Tutush was a brother of the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I. In 1077, Malik-Shah appointed him to take over the governorship of Syria. Later that year, Tutush reached Aleppo, then ruled by the Mirdasid emir Sabiq ibn Mahmud, and began a three-month-long siege of the city. In 1078/9, Malik-Shah sent him to Damascus to help Atsiz ibn Uvaq, an independent Turkish warlord who had taken the city in 1076, who was being besieged by the Fatimid forces. After the siege had ended, Tutush had Atsiz executed and installed himself in Damascus. He later expanded his realm by annexing Sidon, Gibelacar, Tiberias, Ramla, Jaffa and Jerusalem, which he granted to Artuk Bey, another Seljuk commander. He later returned to besieging Aleppo and called for reinforcements from Malik-Shah, yet his reinforcements were ambushed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malik Shah I
Jalāl al-Dawla Mu'izz al-Dunyā Wa'l-Din Abu'l-Fatḥ ibn Alp Arslān (8 August 1055 – 19 November 1092, full name: fa, ), better known by his regnal name of Malik-Shah I ( fa, ), was the third sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached its zenith of power and influence. During his youth, he spent his time participating in the campaigns of his father Alp Arslan, along with the latters vizier Nizam al-Mulk. During one of such campaigns in 1072, Alp Arslan was fatally wounded and died only a few days later. After that, Malik-Shah was crowned as the new sultan of the empire, but the succession was contested by his uncle Qavurt. Although Malik-Shah was the nominal head of the Seljuk state, Nizam al-Mulk held near absolute power during his reign. Malik-Shah spent the rest of his reign waging war against the Karakhanids on the eastern side, and establishing order in the Caucasus. Malik-Shah's death to this day remains under dispute; acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emirate Of Aleppo
)), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = , mapsize1 = , map_caption1 = , pushpin_map = Syria#Mediterranean east#Asia#Syria Aleppo , pushpin_label_position = left , pushpin_relief = yes , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Location of Aleppo in Syria , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Governorate , subdivision_type2 = District , subdivision_type3 = Subdistrict , subdivision_name1 = Aleppo Governorate , subdivision_name2 = Mount Simeon (Jabal Semaan) , subdivision_name3 = Mount Simeon (J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkoman (ethnonym)
Turkoman (Middle Turkic languages, Middle Turkic: تُركْمانْ, ota, تركمن, Türkmen and ''Türkmân''; az, Türkman and ', tr, Türkmen, tk, Türkmen, Persian language, Persian: ترکمن sing. ''Turkamān'', pl. ''Tarākimah''), also called Turcoman and Turkman, is a term that was widely used during the Middle Ages for the people of Oghuz Turks, Oghuz Turkic origin. Oghuz Turks were a western Turkic people that, in the 8th century A.D, formed a Oghuz Yabgu State, tribal confederation in an area between the Aral Sea, Aral and Caspian Sea, Caspian seas in Central Asia, and spoke the Oghuz languages, Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. ''Turkmen'', originally an exonym, dates from the High Middle Ages, along with the ancient and familiar name "Turkic peoples, Turk" (), and tribal names such as "Bayat (tribe), Bayat", "Bayandur", "Afshar (tribe), Afshar", "Kayi", and others. By the 10th century, Islamic sources were calling Oghuz Turks as Muslim Turkmens, as o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fall Of Saruj
The Fall of Saruj in 1145 saw the main surviving Frankish fortress of Edessa fall to the Zengids.Frankopan, Peter., Venning, Timothy.A Chronology of the Crusades.United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2015. Following his great victory in the Siege of Edessa in 1144 Imad al-Din Zengi Imad al-Din Zengi ( ar, عماد الدین زنكي; – 14 September 1146), also romanized as Zangi, Zengui, Zenki, and Zanki, was a Turkmen atabeg, who ruled Mosul, Aleppo, Hama, and, later, Edessa. He was the namesake of the Zengid dy ... marched towards Saruj, the main surviving fortress of Edessa situated east of the Euphrates.Runciman, Steven.A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187.United States: Harper & Row, 1965. The Frankish fortress of Saruj fell to Zengi in January 1145. References {{reflist Battles involving the Zengid dynasty Battles involving the Seljuk Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Edessa (1144)
The siege of Edessa (Arabic, ''fatḥ al-Ruhāʾ'', ) took place from November 28 to December 24, 1144, resulting in the fall of the capital of the crusader County of Edessa to Imad al-Din Zengi, Zengi, the atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo. This event was the catalyst for the Second Crusade. Background The County of Edessa was the first of the crusader states to be established during and after the First Crusade. It dates from 1098 when Baldwin I of Jerusalem, Baldwin of Boulogne left the main army of the First Crusade and founded his own principality. Edessa was the most northerly, the weakest, and the least populated; as such, it was subject to frequent attacks from the surrounding Muslim states ruled by the Ortoqids, Danishmends, and Seljuk Turks. Count Baldwin II of Jerusalem, Baldwin II and future count Joscelin I of Edessa, Joscelin of Courtenay were taken captive after their defeat at the Battle of Harran in 1104. Joscelin was captured a second time in 1122, and although ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
