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III Brigade Of The Polish Legions
Brigade III of the Polish Legions ( pl, III Brygada Legionów Polskich, de-AT, Brigade III der Polnischen Legion, hu, A Lengyel Légió III. Dandárja) was a unit of the Austro-Hungarian Army, manned by Austrian Poles. It was formed in 1915, existed till 1917, and was a part of the Polish Legions in World War I. History The Third Brigade was formed on 8 May 1915, as part of the Polish Legions in World War I. The Brigade commanders included: Zygmunt Zieliński (April 1915 - September 1915), Wiktor Grzesicki (September 1915 - July 1916), Stanisław Szeptycki (July 1916 - October 1916), and Bolesław Roja (?). In 1917 the III Brigade together with the I Brigade followed Józef Piłsudski during the Oath crisis, refusing to swear the oath, and was disbanded. Battles Major battles fought by the Third Brigade included: * battle of Jastków The Battle of Jastków was a World War I battle that took place July 31–August 3, 1915, near the village of Jastków, then part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austro-Hungarian Army
The Austro-Hungarian Army (, literally "Ground Forces of the Austro-Hungarians"; , literally "Imperial and Royal Army") was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. It was composed of three parts: the joint army (, "Common Army", recruited from all parts of the country), the Imperial Austrian Landwehr (recruited from Cisleithania), and the Royal Hungarian Honvéd (recruited from Transleithania). In the wake of fighting between the Austrian Empire and the Hungarian Kingdom and the two decades of uneasy co-existence following, Hungarian soldiers served either in mixed units or were stationed away from Hungarian areas. With the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 the new tripartite army was brought into being. It existed until the disestablishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire following World War I in 1918. The joint "Imperial and Royal Army" ( or ''k.u.k.'') units were generally poorly trained and had very limited access to new equipment bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Legions In World War I
The Polish Legions ( pl, Legiony Polskie) was a name of the Polish military force (the first active Polish army in generations) established in August 1914 in Galicia soon after World War I erupted between the opposing alliances of the Triple Entente on one side (comprising the British Empire, the French Republic and the Russian Empire); and the Central Powers on the other side, comprising the German Empire and Austria-Hungary. The Legions became "a founding myth for the creation of modern Poland" in spite of their considerably short existence; they were replaced by the Polish Auxiliary Corps ( pl, Polski Korpus Posiłkowy) formation on 20 September 1916, merged with Polish II Corps in Russia on 19 February 1918 for the Battle of Rarańcza against Austria-Hungary, and disbanded following the military defeat at the Battle of Kaniów in May 1918,WIEM Encyklopedia (2015)Polski Korpus Posiłkowyat PortalWiedzy.onet.pl against imperial Germany. General Haller escaped to France to form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zygmunt Zieliński (1858–1925)
Zygmunt Zieliński (1 August 1858 – 11 April 1925) was a Polish general. He reached the rank of colonel in the Austro-Hungarian Army. In 1914, he volunteered for the Polish Legions, where he commanded the 3rd Brigade, Polish Legions from 1915. From 1917 to 1918, he commanded the Polish Auxiliary Corps. After World War I ended, he participated in the Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War, commanding the Polish 3rd Army. He retired in 1922. Awards * Order of the White Eagle (1921) * Commander's Cross of the Virtuti Militari * Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari * Cross of Independence * Cross of Valor (four times) * Commander's Cross of the Legion of Honour Bibliography * Tadeusz Kryska-Karski, Stanisław Żurakowski: ''Generałowie Polski Niepodległej'', Editions Spotkania, Warszawa 1991, pp. 27. * Piotr Stawecki, ''Słownik biograficzny generałów Wojska Polskiego 1918-1939'', Warszawa 1994, , pp. 367–368. * Marian Porwit Marian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wiktor Grzesicki
Wiktor may refer to: * Andrzej Wiktor (1931–2018), Polish malacologist *Wiktor Andersson (1887–1966), Swedish film actor * Wiktor Balcarek (1915–1998), Polish chess player *Wiktor Biegański (1892–1974), Polish actor, film director and screenwriter * Wiktor Brillant (1877–1942), Polish pharmacist *Wiktor Chabel (born 1985), Polish rower * Wiktor Eckhaus (1930–2000), Polish–Dutch mathematician * Wiktor Jassem (1922–2016), Polish phonetician, philologist, linguist *Wiktor Gilewicz (1907–1948), Polish officer *Wiktor Grotowicz (1919–1985), Polish actor *Wiktor Komorowski (1887–1952), Polish pilot *Wiktor Litwiński, Polish politician *Wiktor Olecki (1909–1981), Polish cyclist *Wiktor Ormicki (1898–1941), Polish geographer and cartographer * Wiktor Poliszczuk (1925–2008), Polish-Ukrainian-Canadian politologist *Wiktor Zygmunt Przedpełski (1891–1941), Polish socialist and activist *Wiktor Sadowski (born 1956), Polish artist *Wiktor Suwara (born 1996), Polish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Szeptycki
Count Stanisław Maria Jan Teofil Szeptycki (3 November 1867 – 9 October 1950) was a Polish count, general and military commander. Biography Born in 1867 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary to the aristocratic Szeptycki family, he was the grandson of Polish playwright Aleksander Fredro, son of the count Jan Kanty Szeptycki and brother of Andrey Sheptytsky, Metropolitan Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. Szeptycki joined the Austro-Hungarian Army, where he attained the rank of colonel. In 1914 he joined the Polish Legions, where he became commander of the Third Brigade, and from November 1916 to April 1917 commander of the entire Polish Legions formation. Following the Oath Crisis he commanded the German-aligned '' Polnische Wehrmacht''. Until February 1918 he was Austro-Hungarian governor general of Lublin, but resigned in protest when Germany turned Chełm and the surrounding area over to the Ukrainians. He joined the newly recreated Polish Armed Forces in November ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolesław Roja
Brigadier General Bolesław Jerzy Roja (4 April 1876 − 27 May 1940) was an officer of the Polish Legions in World War I, a general, and a politician in the Second Polish Republic, recipient of some of the highest Polish military awards including Virtuti Militari. He opposed Józef Piłsudski and his Sanacja regime in the 1920s. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939 he was arrested and murdered by the Nazis in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Life Roja was born on 4 April 1876 in the village of Bryńce Zagórne near Żydaczów, Austrian Galicia to a family of forester Józef Roja and Maria ''née'' Trzcińska. He graduated from the Austro-Hungarian Army Cadet School in Vienna. In 1899 he was promoted to Second Lieutenant, and served with the 36th Land Defence Regiment (k.k. ''Landwehr Infanterie Regiment'' Nr. 36) in Kolomyja. In 1905, due to poor health, he was transferred to army reserve. Roja cooperated with Austro-Hungarian intelligence. For a time, he studied law an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brigade I Of The Polish Legions
Brigade I of the Polish Legions ( pl, I Brygada Legionów Polskich, de-AT, Brigade I der Polnischen Legion, hu, A Lengyel Légió I. Dandárja) was a unit of Austro-Hungarian Army, manned by Poles under Austrian occupation, part of the Polish Legions in World War I, existing from 1914 to 1917. History The First Brigade was formed on December 19, 1914, as part of the Polish Legions in World War I. Until October 1916 the First Brigade was commanded by Józef Piłsudski, thereafter by Marian Żegota-Januszajtis. The First Brigade and the Third Brigade were disbanded after the 1917 Oath Crisis. The March of the First Brigade was one of the best-known songs of the Polish Legions. Combat Major battles fought by the First Brigade included: * battle of Łowczówek (December 22–25, 1914) * battle of Konary (May 16–25, 1915) * battle of Jastków (July 30 – August 3, 1915) * battle of Kamionka (August 4–7, 1915) * battle of Kostiuchnówka (July 4–6, 1916) Organization Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Piłsudski
), Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire (now Lithuania) , death_date = , death_place = Warsaw, Poland , constituency = , party = None (formerly PPS) , spouse = , children = Wanda, Jadwiga , profession = , signature = Józef Piłsudski Signature.svg , footnotes = , nickname = , allegiance = Austria-HungarySecond Polish Republic , branch = Polish LegionsPolish Army , serviceyears = 1914–19231926–1935 , rank = Marshal of Poland , unit = , commands = , battles = World War IPolish–Ukrainian WarPolish–Lithuanian WarPolish–Soviet War , awards = , resting_place = Józef Klemens Piłsudski (; 5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State (1918–1922) and First Marshal of Poland (from 1920). He was cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oath Crisis
The Oath crisis ( pl, Kryzys przysięgowy) was a World War I political conflict between the Imperial German Army command and the Józef Piłsudski-led Polish Legions. Initially supporting the Central Powers against Imperial Russia, Piłsudski hoped for the defeat of one of the partitioning powers—Russia—with the help of the other two partitioning states, Austria-Hungary and Germany. However, after the Russian defeat in 1917 it became clear that the Central Powers were in no position to guarantee the independence of Poland. Despite the Act of November 5th of 1916 and the creation of Kingdom of Poland, it was apparent that the newly created state would be little more than a puppet buffer-state for Germany, a part of its Mitteleuropa plan. At this point, Piłsudski decided to switch allegiances to gain the support of the Entente, particularly France and the United Kingdom, for the cause of Polish independence. A good pretext appeared in July 1917, when the Central Powers d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Jastków
The Battle of Jastków was a World War I battle that took place July 31–August 3, 1915, near the village of Jastków, then part of the Russian Empire. It was a major clash between the Russian Army and the Austro-Hungarian Polish Legions (primarily the 1st Brigade, Polish Legions Brigade I of the Polish Legions ( pl, I Brygada Legionów Polskich, de-AT, Brigade I der Polnischen Legion, hu, A Lengyel Légió I. Dandárja) was a unit of Austro-Hungarian Army, manned by Poles under Austrian occupation, part of the Polish ...). It was one of the Legion's largest engagements, and its first major one. The battle ended with the Austro-Hungarian and Polish victory, as the Russian forces retreated. References *Jan Konefał. ''Bitwa Legionów Polskich pod Jastkowem w dniach 31 lipca – 3 sierpnia 1915 r.''. „Rocznik Lubelski”. T. 27/28 (1985-1986), p. 121-129, 1988. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Lubelskie. ISSN 0080-3510 * External linksUczczono 100. rocznicę bitwy pod Jastkowe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kostiuchnówka
The Battle of Kostiuchnówka was a World War I battle that took place July 4–6, 1916, near the village of Kostiuchnówka (Kostyukhnivka) and the Styr River in the Volhynia region of modern Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire. It was a major clash between the Russian Army and the Polish Legions (part of the Austro-Hungarian Army) during the opening phase of the Brusilov Offensive. Polish forces, numbering 5,500–7,300, faced Russian forces numbering over half of the 46th Corps of 26,000. The Polish forces were eventually forced to retreat, but delayed the Russians long enough for the other Austro-Hungarian units in the area to retreat in an organized manner. Polish casualties were approximately 2,000 fatalities and wounded. The battle is considered one of the largest and most vicious of those involving the Polish Legions in World War I. Background In World War I, the partitioners of Poland fought each other, with the German Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire align ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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