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Hydroptilidae
The Hydroptilidae are a large family of caddisflies (Trichoptera) with a worldwide distribution. They are commonly known as microcaddisflies or purse-case caddisflies, in reference to two characteristic traits of this family: Hydroptilidae are much smaller than other caddisflies, rarely exceeding in length. Their larvae do not build a protective case until the final instar of their growth. At that time however, they build a typically Purse-shaped case, either portable or stuck to the substrate, in which the larva finishes growth and pupates. Systematics and taxonomy Their systematic placement among the caddisflies is still disputed. They are traditionally placed in the suborder Spicipalpia, which do not seem to be a natural monophyletic group, but rather an evolutionary grade of moderately advanced caddisflies. Some authors downrank the Spicipalpia to a superfamily of the more basal Annulipalpia and call them Rhyacophiloidea (which otherwise refers to a subfamily of subo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroptila Larva
''Hydroptila'' is a very large genus of microcaddisflies with a worldwide distribution. Species *'' Hydroptila abantica'' *'' Hydroptila abbotti'' *'' Hydroptila acadia'' *'' Hydroptila acinacis'' *'' Hydroptila acrodonta'' *'' Hydroptila acuminata'' *'' Hydroptila acuta'' *'' Hydroptila acutangulata'' *'' Hydroptila adana'' *'' Hydroptila aegyptia'' *'' Hydroptila africana'' *'' Hydroptila agosensis'' *'' Hydroptila ajax'' *'' Hydroptila alabama'' *'' Hydroptila alara'' *'' Hydroptila albicornis'' *'' Hydroptila aldricki'' *'' Hydroptila amoena'' *'' Hydroptila ampoda'' *'' Hydroptila ancistrion'' *'' Hydroptila andalusiaca'' *'' Hydroptila angulata'' *'' Hydroptila angulifera'' *'' Hydroptila angusta'' *'' Hydroptila angustata'' *'' Hydroptila anisoforficata'' *'' Hydroptila annulicornis'' *'' Hydroptila antennopedia'' *'' Hydroptila antilliarum'' *'' Hydroptila apalachicola'' *'' Hydroptila arctia'' *'' Hydroptila arethusa'' *'' Hydroptila argentinica'' *'' Hydroptila argosa' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroptilinae
Hydroptilinae is a subfamily of microcaddisflies in the family Hydroptilidae. There are at least 60 genera and 1,600 described species in Hydroptilinae. The type genus for Hydroptilinae is ''Hydroptila'' J.W. Dalman, 1819. Genera These 65 genera belong to the subfamily Hydroptilinae: * '' Abtrichia'' Mosely, 1939 * '' Acanthotrichia'' Wells, 1982 * '' Acostatrichia'' Mosely, 1939 * '' Acritoptila'' Wells, 1982 * '' Agraylea'' Curtis, 1834 * '' Alisotrichia'' Flint, 1964 * '' Anchitrichia'' Flint, 1970 * '' Ascotrichia'' Flint, 1983 * '' Austratrichia'' Wells, 1982 * '' Betrichia'' Mosely, 1939 * '' Bredinia'' Flint, 1968 * '' Byrsopteryx'' Flint, 1981 * '' Caledonotrichia'' Sykora, 1967 * '' Catoxyethira'' Ulmer, 1912 * '' Celaenotrichia'' Mosely, 1934 * '' Cerasmatrichia'' Flint, Harris & Botosaneanu, 1994 * '' Ceratotrichia'' Flint in Quintero & Aiello, 1992 * '' Chrysotrichia'' Schmid, 1958 * '' Costatrichia'' Mosely, 1937 * '' Cyclopsiella'' Kjaerandsen, 1997 * '' Dhatrichi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caddisflies
The caddisflies, or order Trichoptera, are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults. There are approximately 14,500 described species, most of which can be divided into the suborders Integripalpia and Annulipalpia on the basis of the adult mouthparts. Integripalpian larvae construct a portable casing to protect themselves as they move around looking for food, while Annulipalpian larvae make themselves a fixed retreat in which they remain, waiting for food to come to them. The affinities of the small third suborder Spicipalpia are unclear, and molecular analysis suggests it may not be monophyletic. Also called sedge-flies or rail-flies, the adults are small moth-like insects with two pairs of hairy membranous wings. They are closely related to the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) which have scales on their wings; the two orders together form the superorder Amphiesmenoptera. The aquatic larvae are found in a wide variety of habitats such as streams, river ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tube Case Caddisflies
The Integripalpia are a suborder of Trichoptera The caddisflies, or order Trichoptera, are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults. There are approximately 14,500 described species, most of which can be divided into the suborders Integripalpia and Annulipalpia on the b ..., the caddisflies. The name refers to the unringed nature of maxillary palp's terminal segment in the adults. Integripalpian larvae construct portable cases out of debris during the first larval instar, which are enlarged through subsequent instars. These cases are often very specific in construction at both the family and genus level. External linksTree Of Life Integripalpia Page Insect suborders {{Trichoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossosomatoidea
The Glossosomatoidea are a superfamily of the class Insecta and order Trichoptera The caddisflies, or order Trichoptera, are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults. There are approximately 14,500 described species, most of which can be divided into the suborders Integripalpia and Annulipalpia on the b .... References Insect superfamilies Spicipalpia {{Trichoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incertae Sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is indicated by ' (of uncertain family), ' (of uncertain suborder), ' (of uncertain order) and similar terms. Examples *The fossil plant '' Paradinandra suecica'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order Ericales when described in 2001. * The fossil ''Gluteus minimus'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal phylum. The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom Animalia. * While it was unclear to which order the New World vultures (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''. It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes. * Bocage's longbill, ''Motacilla bocagii' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. All life on Earth is part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. In a ''rooted'' phylogenetic tree, each node with descendants represents the inferred most recent common ancestor of those descendants, and the edge lengths in some trees may be interpreted as time estimates. Each node is called a taxonomic unit. Internal nodes are generally called hypothetical taxonomic units, as they cannot be directly observed. Trees are useful in fields of biology such as bioinformatics, systematics, and phylogenetics. ''Unrooted'' trees illustrate only the relatedness of the leaf nodes and do not require the ancestral root to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apomorph
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor. ) In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology. Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals. Etymology The word —coined by German entomologist Willi Hennig—is derived from the Ancient Greek words (''sún''), meaning "with, together"; (''apó''), meaning "away from"; and (''morphḗ''), meaning "shape, form". Clade analysis T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spicipalpia
The Spicipalpia are a suborder of Trichoptera, the caddisflies. The four families included in this suborder all have the character of pointed maxillary palps in the adults. The larvae of the different families have varying lifestyles, from free-living to case-making, but all construct cases in their final larval instar An instar (, from the Latin '' īnstar'', "form", "likeness") is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, between each moult (''ecdysis''), until sexual maturity is reached. Arthropods must shed the exoskeleton in order to grow or ... for pupation or at an earlier instar as a precocial pupation behavior. Although recognized under some phylogenies, molecular analysis has shown this group is likely not monophyletic. External linksTree Of Life Trichoptera Page Insect suborders {{Trichoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhyacophiloidea
:''"Rhyacophiloidea" may also be the name of the entire "Spicipalpia", when these are treated as a superfamily inside the Annulipalpia.'' The Rhyacophiloidea are a superfamily in the insect order Trichoptera The caddisflies, or order Trichoptera, are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults. There are approximately 14,500 described species, most of which can be divided into the suborders Integripalpia and Annulipalpia on the b .... References Insect superfamilies Spicipalpia {{Trichoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annulipalpia
The Annulipalpia, also known as the "fixed-retreat makers", are a suborder of Trichoptera, the caddisflies.Glenn B. Wiggins, ''Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera)'', 2nd. ed. (Toronto: University Press, 1996), p. 117 The name of the suborder refers to the flexible terminal segment of the adult maxillary palps, which often has many tiny rings. The larvae construct fixed retreats in freshwater aquatic environments in which they remain stationary, waiting for food to come to them. Members of the Psychomyiidae, Ecnomidae The Ecnomidae are a family of caddisflies comprising 9 genera with a total of 375 species. Distribution The Ecinomidae have a Gondwanan distribution, except one genus, which also is present in Oriental and Palearctic regions. Morphology Th ... and Xiphocentronidae families construct simple tubes of sand and other particles held together by silk and anchored to the bottom, and feed on the accumulations of silt formed when suspended ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
