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Hyaloperonospora Brassicae
''Hyaloperonospora brassicae'', in the family Peronosporaceae, is a plant pathogen. It causes downy mildew of species of ''Brassica'', ''Raphanus'', ''Sinapis'' and probably other genera within the ''Brassicaceae''. In the past, the cause of downy mildew in any plant in the family ''Brassicaceae'' was considered to be a single species ''Peronospora parasitica''. However, this has recently been shown to be a complex of species with narrower host ranges, now classified in the genus ''Hyaloperonospora'', for example ''Hyaloperonospora parasitica'' on the weed ''Capsella bursa-pastoris''. From the perspective of plant pathology, ''Hyaloperonospora brassicae'' is now the name of the most important pathogen in this complex, attacking the major agricultural and horticultural ''Brassica'' species. Other significant Brassicaceous hosts are attacked by different species in the complex, e.g. horseradish (''Armoracia rusticana'') by ''Hyaloperonospora cochleariae'', wallflower (''Erysimum che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabbage
Cabbage, comprising several cultivars of ''Brassica oleracea'', is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. It is descended from the wild cabbage ( ''B. oleracea'' var. ''oleracea''), and belongs to the "cole crops" or brassicas, meaning it is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var. ''botrytis''); Brussels sprouts (var. ''gemmifera''); and Savoy cabbage (var. ''sabauda''). A cabbage generally weighs between . Smooth-leafed, firm-headed green cabbages are the most common, with smooth-leafed purple cabbages and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colours being rarer. Under conditions of long sunny days, such as those found at high northern latitudes in summer, cabbages can grow quite large. , the heaviest cabbage was . Cabbage heads are generally picked during the first year of the plant's life cycle, but plants intended for seed are allowed to grow a second year and must be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Maire
René Charles Joseph Ernest Maire (29 May 1878, Lons-le-Saunier – 24 November 1949) was a French botanist and mycologist. His major work was the ''Flore de l'Afrique du Nord'' in 16 volumes published posthumously in 1953. He collected plants from Algeria, Morocco, France, and Mali for the herbarium of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium. Biography His botanical career began very early. At 18, he penned a work on the local flora of the Haute-Saône, currently on display at the Natural History Museum of Gray. He collected plants for study in Algeria and Morocco between 1902 and 1904. After obtaining his PhD in 1905, he was a professor of botany at the Faculty of Sciences in Algiers starting in 1911 where he specialised in phytopathology. He was put in charge of botanical research by the Moroccan government and was responsible for botanical studies in the Central Sahara. He was a member of a number of institutions, including the ''Société mycologique de France'' and the ''Soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peronosporaceae
Peronosporaceae are a family of water moulds that contains 21 genera, comprising more than 600 species. Most of them are called downy mildews. Peronosporaceae are obligate biotrophic plant pathogens. They parasitise their host plants as an intercellular mycelium using haustoria to penetrate the host cells. The downy mildews reproduce asexually by forming sporangia on distinctive white sporangiophores usually formed on the lower surface of infected leaves. These constitute the "downy mildew". The sporangia are wind-dispersed to the surface of other leaves. According to the genus concerned, the sporangia may then germinate by forming zoospores, thus resembling ''Phytophthora'', or by germ-tube. In the latter case, the sporangia behave as conidia and are often referred to as such. Sexual reproduction is via oospores. The parasitised plants are angiosperms or gymnosperms, and most Peronosporaceae are pathogens of herbaceous dicots. Some downy mildew genera have a more restricted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaloperonospora
''Hyaloperonospora'' is a genus of oomycete, obligate, plant pathogens that was originally considered to be part of ''Peronospora''. Species in this group produce a disease called downy mildew and can infect many important crops. From the 19 downy mildew producing genera, ''Hyaloperonospora'' has been grouped with ''Perofascia'' in the brassicolous downy mildews. In the group of downy mildews, ''Hyaloperonospora'' is the third biggest genus. The most famous species in the genus is the ''Hyaloperonospora parasitica'', or also known as ''Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis''. This species has become a model organism from its ability to infect the model plant ''Arabidopsis thaliana''. It is used to study plant-pathogen interactions, and is currently the only ''Hyaloperonospora'' species that has an assembled genome. History In 2002, ''Hyaloperonospora'' was discovered and described by Constantinescu, O. and Fatehi,J. using morphological and molecular characteristics. Later, Göker ''et al' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaloperonospora Parasitica
''Hyaloperonospora parasitica'' is an oomycete from the family Peronosporaceae. It has been considered for a long time to cause downy mildew of a variety of species within the Brassicaceae, on which the disease can cause economically important damage by killing seedlings or affecting the quality of produce intended for freezing. ''Hyaloperonospora parasitica''http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=39723 causes downy mildew on a wide range of many different plants. It belongs to the Kingdom Chromista, the phylum Oomycota, and the family Peronosporaceae. The former name for ''H. parasitica'' was ''Peronospora parasitica'' until it was reclassified and put in the genus Hyaloperonospora. It is an especially vicious disease on crops of the family Brassicaceae. It is most famous for being a model pathogen of ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' which is a model organism used for experimental purposes. Accordingly, the former ''Hyaloperonospora'' parasitica has been split into a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albugo Candida
''Albugo candida'', commonly known as white rust, is a species of oomycete in the family Albuginaceae. It is sometimes called a fungus, but in fact forms part of a distinct lineage of fungus-like microorganisms, Oomycetes, commonly known as water moulds. ''A. candida'' is an obligate plant pathogen that infects Brassicaceae species and causes the disease known as white rust or white blister rust. It has a relatively smaller genome than other oomycetes. Distribution ''A. candida'' has a cosmopolitan distribution and is known from many countries where cruciferous crops are grown in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia, North, Central, and South America. It has not been recorded from northern Scandinavia, northern and central Siberia, northern China, western and central Africa, Alaska, northern and central Canada, and southern and western South America. Hosts This pathogen infects plants in the family Brassicaceae; the growth stages involved include the seedling stage, the growing st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peronosporales
The Peronosporales are an order of water moulds (class Oomycetes) which can be pathogenic. Many diseases of plants are sometimes classified under this order, but are sometimes considered members of order Pythiales. Some of these pathogenic protists include the organisms responsible for potato blight, eucalyptus dieback, sudden oak death, and blue mold ''Peronospora hyoscyami'' f.sp. ''tabacina'' is a plant pathogen infecting tobacco that causes blue mold. It is an oomycete (a fungus-like organism) that is highly destructive toward seed plants. It is very prevalent in humid farming zones, .... Further genetic studies may place these organisms more definitively in one order or another. References Heterokont orders {{plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Mould Plant Pathogens And Diseases
Water (chemical formula ) is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent). It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food, energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. "Water" is also the name of the liquid state of H2O at standard temperature and pressure. A number of natural states of water exist. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of fog. Clouds consist of suspended droplets of water and ice, its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of snow. The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor. Water co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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