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Hyainailouridae
Hyainailouridae ("hyena-cats") is a paraphyletic family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the middle Eocene and persisted well into the middle Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. General characteristics Hyainailourids are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While some measured as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder with head-body length up to 3.2 m and weighed up to 1,500 kg, most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. At least one hyainailourid lineage, Apterodontinae, was specialised for aquatic, otter-like habits. Range T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megistotherium
''Megistotherium'' ("greatest beast") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Africa. Etymology The name of this genus comes and . The name of species ''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' comes and (with ''-es'' being an agent noun: 'bone-crusher'). Description ''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' is the only known species from this genus, and it was a large hyainailourid that lived during the early Miocene. Its remains have been found in the Ngorora and Muruyur Formations of Kenya, Egypt,Morlo, M., Miller, E.R., and El-Barkooky, A.N. 2007. Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 145–159. Namibia, UgandaMorales, J. and M. Pickford. (2008). "Creodonts and carnivores from the Middle Miocene Muruyur Formation at Kipsaraman and Cheparawa, Baringo District, Kenya." ''Comptes Rendus Palevol'' 7 (8): 487-497 and Libya. Named by Robert Savage in 1973, ''Megistotherium'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouroidea
Hyainailouroidea (" hyena- cats") is a paraphyletic superfamily of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from middle Eocene to late Miocene deposits in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Superfamily: †Hyainailouroidea (paraphyletic superfamily) ** Family: †Hyainailouridae (paraphyletic family) ** Family: † Prionogalidae ** Family: †Teratodontidae Teratodontidae ("monstrous teeth") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from Middle Eocene to Late Miocene depo ... Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of superfamily Hyainailouroidea are shown in the following cladogram: References {{Hyaenodonta Hyaenodonts Cenozoic mammals of North America Cenozoic mammals of Asia Cenozoic mammals of Europe Cenozoic mammals of Africa [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaenodonta
Hyaenodonta (" hyena teeth") is an extinct order of hypercarnivorous placental pan-carnivoran mammals from mirorder Ferae. Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the early Paleocene in Europe and persisted well into the late Miocene. Characteristics Hyaenodonts are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While '' Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' may have been up to (surpassing the modern polar bear in size) and ''Hyaenodon gigas'' (the largest species from genus ''Hyaenodon'') was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 3.0 m long and weighed about 330 kg, most of hyaenodonts were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. Because of their size range, it is probable that di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouros
''Hyainailouros'' ("hyena-cat") is an extinct polyphyletic genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, that lived during the early to middle Miocene, of which there were at least three species spread across Europe, Africa, and Asia. Closely related to other large African hyaenodonts such as ''Simbakubwa'' and ''Megistotherium'', ''Hyainailouros'' walked with a semi-digitigrade stance and was probably capable of large, leaping bounds. Alongside its African relatives and the last members of the genus ''Hyaenodon ''Hyaenodon'' (" hyena-tooth") is an extinct genus of carnivorous hyaenodont mammals from tribe Hyaenodontini, within subfamily Hyaenodontinae in family Hyaenodontidae,Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell (1997."Classification of Mammals: Above t ...'' from Asia, ''Hyainailouros'' was among the largest hyaenodonts that existed. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Hyai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simbakubwa
''Simbakubwa'' ("great lion") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Kenya during the early Miocene. Etymology The name of this genus comes from Swahili language for "great lion". Species name ''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' means "great lion of Africa". Description Different regression models produce a wide range of body mass estimates for ''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'': from a low estimate of , comparable to the largest lions, to an upper estimate possibly reaching up to , which would surpass the modern polar bear in size. The fossils of ''Simbakubwa'' were first discovered by rural Kenyans at Meswa Bridge, Western Kenya. Thereafter Matthew Borths and Nancy Stevens published the findings after examining the fossils which had been stored at the Nairobi National Museum in Kenya for decades. The type specimen consists of a mandible from the lower jaw, a right upper maxilla and some postcranial remains. The light wear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sivapterodon
''Sivapterodon'' ("Shiva's '' Pterodon''") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Pakistan during the middle Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen .... Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Sivapterodon'' are shown in the following cladogram: References Hyaenodonts Miocene mammals of Asia Prehistoric placental genera {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterodontinae
Apterodontinae ("without winged tooth") is an extinct subfamily of hyainailourid hyaenodonts that lived in Africa and Europe during the late Eocene to middle Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the .... Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Apterodontinae ** Genus: †'' Apterodon'' *** †''Apterodon altidens'' *** †''Apterodon gaudryi'' *** †''Apterodon langebadreae'' *** †''Apterodon macrognathus'' *** †''Apterodon rauenbergensis'' *** †''Apterodon saghensis'' *** †''Apterodon'' sp. ur At-Talah escarpment, Libya ** Genus: †'' Quasiapterodon'' *** †''Quasiapterodon minutus'' Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of subfamily Apterodontinae are shown in the following cladogram: References {{Taxonbar, from=Q34514 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailourinae
Hyainailourinae ("hyena-cats") is an extinct paraphyletic subfamily of hyainailourid hyaenodonts that lived in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae (paraphyletic subfamily) ** Genus: †''Megistotherium'' *** †''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' ** Genus: †'' Mlanyama'' *** †''Mlanyama sugu'' ** Genus: †''Orienspterodon'' *** †''Orienspterodon dahkoensis'' ** Genus: †'' Pakakali'' *** †''Pakakali rukwaensis'' ** Genus: †''Simbakubwa'' *** †''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' ** (unranked): †''Akhnatenavus'' clade *** Genus: †'' Akhnatenavus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus leptognathus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon'' *** Genus: †''Hemipsalodon'' **** †''Hemipsalodon grandis'' **** †''Hemipsalodon viejaensis'' *** Genus: †'' Ischnognathus'' **** †''Ischnognathus savagei'' ** Tribe: † Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) *** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orienspterodon
''Orienspterodon'' ("eastern '' Pterodon''") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in China and Myanmar during the middle to late Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " .... ''Orienspterodon dahkoensis'' was originally assigned to genus '' Pterodon'' in 1975, but was eventually assigned to its own genus in 2007. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Orienspterodon'' are shown in the following cladogram. References Hyaenodonts Eocene mammals of Asia Prehistoric placental genera {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterodon
''Apterodon'' ("without winged tooth") is an extinct genus of hyaenodontid mammals that lived from the late Eocene through the middle Oligocene epoch in Africa and Europe. It is closely related to the African '' Quasiapterodon'', and together it, they comprise the hyainailurids subfamily Apterodontinae. Uniquely among hyaenodonts, species of ''Apterodon'' were a semiaquatic, fossorial mammals. They possessed strong forelimbs that were well equipped for digging, compared to those of modern badgers, while the tail, torso and hindlimbs show adaptations similar to those of other aquatic mammals like otters and pinnipeds. The dentition was suited to feed on hard-shelled invertebrate prey, such as crustaceans and shellfish. They probably lived along African coastlines. Borths and Stevens (2017.) described a new specimen of ''Apterodon macrognathus'' (among with other hyaenodonts) and concluded that the dental eruption of secondary dentition occurred much more slowly than in carnivora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodontidae ("hyena teeth") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct superfamily Hyaenodontoidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the early Eocene and persisted well into the early Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, North America and Europe. (1985): ''The Field Guide to Prehistoric Life.'' Facts on File Publications, New York. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Hyaenodontidae ** Genus: †'' Boritia'' *** †''Boritia duffaudi'' ** Genus: †'' Neosinopa'' *** †''Neosinopa gobiensis'' ** Genus: †'' Praecodens'' *** †''Praecodens acutus'' ** Genus: †'' Preregidens'' *** †''Preregidens langebadrae'' ** Genus: †'' Protoproviverra'' *** †''Protoproviverra palaeonictides'' ** (unranked): †''Cynohyaenodon''/''Quercytherium'' clade *** Genus: †''Cynohyaenodon'' (paraphyletic genus) **** †''Cynohyaenodon cayluxi'' **** †''Cynohyaenodon lautricensis'' **** †''Cynohyaenodo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope Carbon-13, 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope Carbon-12, 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Popigai impact structure, Siberia and in what is now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
