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Hungarian Working People's Party
The Hungarian Working People's Party (, abbr. MDP) was the ruling communist party of Hungary from 1948 to 1956. It was formed by a merger of the Hungarian Communist Party (MKP) and the Social Democratic Party of Hungary (MSZDP).Neubauer, John, and Borbála Zsuzsanna Török. The Exile and Return of Writers from East-Central Europe: A Compendium'. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009. p. 140 Ostensibly a union of equals, the merger had actually occurred as a result of massive pressure brought to bear on the Social Democrats by both the Hungarian Communists, as well as the Soviet Union. The few independent-minded Social Democrats who had not been sidelined by Communist salami tactics were pushed out in short order after the merger, leaving the party as essentially the MKP under a new name. Its leader was Mátyás Rákosi until 1956, then Ernő Gerő in the same year for three months, and eventually János Kádár until the party's dissolution. Other minor legal Hungarian political pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mátyás Rákosi
Mátyás Rákosi (; born Mátyás Rosenfeld; 9 March 1892 – 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian communism, communist politician who was the ''de facto'' leader of Hungary from 1947 to 1956. He served first as General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party from 1945 to 1948 and then as General Secretary (later renamed First Secretary) of the Hungarian Working People's Party from 1948 to 1956. Rákosi had been involved in left-wing politics since his youth, and in 1919 was a leading commissar in the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic. After the fall of the Communist government, he escaped the country and worked abroad as an agent of the Comintern. He was arrested in 1924 after attempting to return to Hungary and organize the Communist Party underground, and ultimately spent over fifteen years in prison. He became a cause célébre in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imre Nagy
Imre Nagy (; 7 June 1896 – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (''de facto'' Prime Minister) of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1953 to 1955. In 1956 Nagy became leader of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 against the Soviet-backed government, for which he was sentenced to death and executed two years later. Nagy was a committed communist from soon after the Russian Revolution, and through the 1920s he engaged in underground party activity in Hungary. Living in the Soviet Union from 1930, he served the Soviet NKVD secret police as an informer from 1933 to 1941, denouncing over 200 colleagues, who were then purged and arrested and 15 of whom were executed. Nagy returned to Hungary shortly before the end of World War II, and served in various offices as the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) took control of Hungary in the late 1940s and the country entered the Soviet sphere of influence. He served as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Hungary
Politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The prime minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system, while the president is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial position. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament. The party system since the last elections is dominated by the conservative Fidesz. The three larger oppositions are Democratic Coalition (DK), Momentum and Jobbik; there are also opposition parties with a small fraction in parliament (e.g. Politics Can Be Different). The judiciary is theoretically independent of the executive and the legislature, but in practice is strongly influenced by the ruling Fidesz Party. Hungary is an independent state, which has been a member of the European Union since 2004. Since 1989 Hungary has been a parliamentary republic. Legislative power is exercised by the unica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Hungary
Hungary in its modern (post-1946) borders roughly corresponds to the Great Hungarian Plain (the Pannonian Basin). During the Iron Age, it was located at the crossroads between the cultural spheres of the Celtic tribes (such as the Scordisci, Boii and Veneti), Dalmatian tribes (such as the Dalmatae, Histri and Liburni) and the Germanic tribes (such as the Lugii and Marcomanni). The name "Pannonian" comes from Pannonia, a province of the Roman Empire. Only the western part of the territory (the so-called Transdanubia) of modern Hungary formed part of Pannonia. The Roman control collapsed with the Hunnic invasions of 370–410, and Pannonia was part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom during the late 5th to mid 6th century, succeeded by the Avar Khaganate (6th to 9th centuries). The Magyar invasion took place during the 9th century. The Magyars were Christianized at the end of the 10th century, and the Christian Kingdom of Hungary was established in AD 1000, ruled by the Árpád dynast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 Hungarian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 17 May 1953.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p899 As would be the case with all elections for the remainder of Communist rule, voters were presented with a single list from the Communist Hungarian Working People's Party, comprising Communists and pro-Communist independents. The Working People's Party won 206 of the 298 seats, with the remaining 92 going to independents.Nohlen & Stöver, p931 Results References {{Hungarian elections Elections in Hungary Parliamentary Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ... One-party elections hu:Országgyűlési választások a Magyar Népköztársaságban#1953 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1949 Hungarian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 15 May 1949.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p899 The Hungarian Independent People's Front, an umbrella group created that February to replace the National Independence Front and led by the Hungarian Working People's Party (as the Hungarian Communist Party had been renamed following a merger with the Hungarian Social Democratic Party), but also including the remaining four non-communist parties, ran a single list of candidates espousing a common programme. With all organised opposition having been paralysed, the Front won 95.6% of the vote,Soberg Shugart, Matthew and Wattenberg, Martin P. ''Mixed-member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds?'' Oxford University Press (2001), presaging the result of elections through 1990. 71 (17.7%) elected deputies were female, up from 22 (5.4%) elected in 1947. Some 71% of those elected belonged to the Working People's Party, and a similar prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential Council Of The Hungarian People's Republic
The Presidential Council of the Hungarian People's Republic was the collective head of state of Hungary during the Communist era. It was created in 1949, following the enactment of a new constitution that year that officially created the People's Republic of Hungary. Originally vested with broad powers during the interim of parliamentary sessions, its jurisdiction was limited throughout the moderate liberalization witnessed during the Kadar era. Along with the state itself, it was abolished on 23 October 1989. The Parliament of Hungary, upon the recommendation of the Presidential Council, elected and relieved the chairman and ministers of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic of their duties. List of chairmen of the Presidential Council ''Parties List of vice-chairmen of the Presidential Council Two vice presidents served simultaneously. They were deputy heads of state. {, , - style="vertical-align:top" , {, class="wikitable" ! Name ! Peri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Hungary
The president of Hungary, officially the president of the republicUnder the Constitution of Hungary, Basic Law, adopted in 2011, the official name of the state is simply Hungary; Before, the state was called the Republic of Hungary. However, the office is nonetheless referred to as the ''president of the republic'' even under the Basic Law, though in a sense of "the president of the republic who presides over Hungary", rather than "the president who presides over the Republic of Hungary". ( hu, Magyarország köztársasági elnöke, ''államelnök'', or ''államfő''), is the head of state of Hungary. The office has a largely ceremonial (figurehead) role, but may also veto power, veto legislation or send legislation to the Constitutional Court of Hungary, Constitutional Court for review. Most other executive powers, such as selecting Government of Hungary, government ministers and leading legislative initiatives, are vested in the office of the Prime minister of Hungary, prime m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Árpád Szakasits
Árpád Szakasits (; 6 December 1888 – 3 May 1965) was a Hungary, Hungarian Social Democrat, then Communist politician. He served as the country's head of state from 1948 to 1950, the first Communist to hold the post. A longtime leader of the Hungarian Social Democratic Party, he supported its merger with the Hungarian Communist Party to form the Hungarian Working People's Party. When President of Hungary, President Zoltán Tildy was forced to resign, Szakasits was named his successor on 3 August 1948 as part of the final stage of the Communists' complete takeover of the country. After the adoption of a 1949 Constitution of Hungary, new Soviet-style Constitution in 1949, the presidency was replaced with a Presidential Council of the Hungarian People's Republic, Presidential Council, and Szakasits became its chairman on 23 August 1949, serving until 26 April 1950. Szakasits was an Esperantist for over 40 years, attended Esperanto congresses, and was a member of the Internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
János Kádár (fototeca
János József Kádár (; ; 26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989), born János József Czermanik, was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, a position he held for 32 years. Declining health led to his retirement in 1988, and he died in 1989 after being hospitalized for pneumonia. Kádár was born in Fiume in poverty to a single mother. After living in the countryside for some years, Kádár and his mother moved to Budapest. He joined the Party of Communists in Hungary's youth organization, KIMSZ, and went on to become a prominent figure in the pre-1939 Communist Party, eventually becoming First Secretary. As a leader, he would dissolve the party and reorganize it as the Peace Party, but the new party failed to win much popular support. After World War II, with Soviet support, the Communist Party took power in Hungary. Kádár rose through the Party ranks, serving as Interior Minister from 1948 to 1950. In 1951 he was impriso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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