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Hunedoara Steel Works
The Hunedoara steel works, formally ArcelorMittal Hunedoara and formerly the Hunedoara Ironworks ( ro, Uzinele de Fier Hunedoara), Hunedoara Steel Works (''Combinatul Siderurgic Hunedoara''), Siderurgica Hunedoara and Mittal Steel, is a steel mill in the Transylvanian city of Hunedoara, Romania. History Beginnings in Austria-Hungary Several factors led to the establishment of the works, which were located in an area that was then part of Austria-Hungary: late 19th-century technological development that resulted in increased steel production through new techniques, spurred by the serious need of metal for the Austro-Hungarian Army; the aged and unprofitable methods used by the area's iron workshops; the building of a railroad; and the enlargement of the market due to increased metal consumption in Transylvania's mechanical plants. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunedoara (5)
Hunedoara (; german: Eisenmarkt; hu, Vajdahunyad ) is a city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in southwestern Transylvania near the Poiana Ruscă Mountains, and administers five villages: Boș (''Bós''), Groș (''Grós''), Hășdat (''Hosdát''; ''Hochstätten''), Peștișu Mare (''Alpestes''), and Răcăștia (''Rákosd''). The city includes the most important Gothic-style secular building in Transylvania: the Hunyad Castle, which is closely connected with the Hunyadi family. The castle was destroyed by fire five times, but underwent many reconstructions from Austro-Hungarian and later Romanian authorities. Besides the castle, the town developed as a production center for iron and a market for the mountain regions nearby. During the 20th century, Hunedoara's population increased to 86,000 inhabitants. The city contained the largest steel works in Romania (until Galați took the lead), but activity gradually diminished after the fall of the Iron Curtain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaft Mining
Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. Shaft (civil engineering), Shallow shafts, typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects. Shaft sinking is one of the most difficult of all mine development methods: restricted space, gravity, groundwater and specialized procedures make the task quite formidable. Shafts may be sunk by conventional drill and blast or mechanised means. Historically, mine shaft sinking has been among the most dangerous of all the mining occupations and the preserve of mining contractors called sinker (mining), sinkers. Today shaft sinking contractors are concentrated in Canada, Germany, China and South Africa. The modern shaft sinking industry is gradually shifting further towards greater mechanisation. Recent innovations in the form of full-face shaft boring (akin to a v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerbăl
Cerbăl ( hu, Cserbel) is a Commune in Romania, commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of eight villages: Arănieș (''Aranyos''), Cerbăl, Feregi (''Feresd''), Merișoru de Munte (''Meresd''), Poienița Tomii (''Pojenicatomi''), Poiana Răchițelii (''Pojánarekiceli''), Socet (''Szocsed'') and Ulm (''Ulm''). References Communes in Hunedoara County Localities in Transylvania {{Hunedoara-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Transylvania With Romania
The union of Transylvania with Romania was declared on by the assembly of the delegates of ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia. The Great Union Day (also called ''Unification Day''), celebrated on 1 December, is a national holiday in Romania that celebrates this event. The holiday was established after the Romanian Revolution, and celebrates the unification not only of Transylvania, but also of Bessarabia and Bukovina and parts of Banat, Crișana and Maramureș with the Romanian Kingdom. Bessarabia and Bukovina had joined with the Kingdom of Romania earlier in 1918. Causes and leading events *August 17, 1916: Romania signed a secret treaty with the Entente Powers (United Kingdom, France, Italy and Russia), according to which Transylvania, Banat, and Partium would become part of Romania after World War I if the country entered the war. The planned border followed a line some 20-40 kilometres west of the present Hungarian-Romanian border, but joined river Tisza in the South, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Hearth Furnace
An open-hearth furnace or open hearth furnace is any of several kinds of industrial furnace in which excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of pig iron to produce steel. Because steel is difficult to manufacture owing to its high melting point, normal fuels and furnaces were insufficient for mass production of steel, and the open-hearth type of furnace was one of several technologies developed in the nineteenth century to overcome this difficulty. Compared with the Bessemer process, which it displaced, its main advantages were that it did not expose the steel to excessive nitrogen (which would cause the steel to become brittle), was easier to control, and permitted the melting and refining of large amounts of scrap iron and steel. The open-hearth furnace was first developed by German-born engineer Carl Wilhelm Siemens. In 1865, the French engineer Pierre-Émile Martin took out a license from Siemens and first applied his regenerative furnace for making steel. Their pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bessemer Process
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is steelmaking, removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten. Related Decarburization, decarburizing with air processes had been used outside Europe for hundreds of years, but not on an industrial scale. One such process (similar to puddling (metallurgy), puddling) was known in the 11th century in East Asia, where the scholar Shen Kuo of that era described its use in the Chinese iron and steel industry. In the 17th century, accounts by European travelers detailed its possible use by the Japanese. The modern process is named after its inventor, the Englishman Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1856. The process was said to be independently discover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diósgyőr
Diósgyőr (Hungarian: dioːʒɟøːr is a historical town in Hungary, today it is a part of Miskolc. The medieval castle in Diósgyőr was a favourite holiday residence of Hungarian kings and queens; today it is a popular tourist attraction. The city part has a heavy industrial background. The football team of Miskolc is also named after Diósgyőr; their soccer stadium lies within the district. Origin of the name ''Dió'' means walnut, referring to the abundant walnut trees in the area. ''Győr'' is an archaic version of the word ''gyűrű'', meaning "ring". It probably refers to the rounded shape of the first castle erected on the hill. The history of Diósgyőr and the castle The area has been inhabited since ancient times, as the remains of a settlement found near the castle testify. The name of the town was first mentioned by the anonymous author of Gesta Hungarorum around 1200, as ''Geuru'', the archaic spelling for ''Győr'': "After our leader Árpád left Szerenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podbrezová
Podbrezová (; hu, Zólyombrézó) is a large village and municipality in Brezno District, in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia, around 10 km west of the district seat town, Brezno. History The village is actually made of six former independent settlements, which were grouped in the 19th century around a new mill - the Hron iron works. Sport Football Podbrezová has a football club FO ŽP Šport Podbrezová which currently plays in the Fortuna Liga. In the 2013–2014 season, Podbrezová finished first in this league and will therefore promote to the highest Slovak league, the Slovak Super Liga The Slovak Super Liga is the top level football league in Slovakia, currently known as the Fortuna Liga due to a sponsorship arrangement. It was formed in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The record for most titles is eleven, he ... for the 2014–2015 season. This is the first time in the club's existence that they will play in this league. Home ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cugir
Cugir (; German: ''Kudsir, Kudschir'', Hungarian: ''Kudzsir'') is a town in Alba County, Romania. Declared a town in 1968, it administers seven villages: Bocșitura (Hungarian ''Boksiturahavas'', German ''Potschitur''), Bucuru (''Bukuruhavas''/''Bukur''), Călene (''Kalenihavas''/''Kalleney''), Fețeni (''Fecehavas''/''Fetzeberg''), Goașele (''Goaselehavas''/''Eisenhammer''), Mugești (''Mugestihavas''/''Kudschirstallen''), and Vinerea (''Felkenyér''/''Oberbrodsdorf''). Geography The central settlement of the Breadfield region, the town lies on the banks of the Cugir River, at the confluence of headwaters Râul Mare and Râul Mic. It is situated above sea level, at the base of the Șureanu Mountains. Cugir is located in the southwestern part of Alba County, about from Sebeș and from Alba Iulia, the capital of the county. It lies on the border with Hunedoara County, from Orăștie and from Deva. Demographics According to the 2011 census, there was a total population ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Govăjdia Blast Furnace
__NOTOC__ The Govăjdia Blast Furnace is a disused blast furnace in Govăjdia village, Ghelari Commune, Hunedoara County, in the Transylvania region of Romania. An earlier blast furnace had been set up at Toplița in 1781, but the quantity of raw materials it prepared for workshops involved in cast iron refining proved inadequate. Thus, the ''Thesaurariat'' at Sibiu, which represented the Imperial Austrian authorities, coordinated mining activities in Transylvania and had an office based in the Hunyad Castle, decided in 1802 to build a second furnace in the Hunedoara area. The site chosen was at the confluence of two rivers close to a group of forge works and iron mines. Ciprian Iancu"Furnalul de la Govăjdie, lăsat în paragină" ''Evenimentul Zilei'', 7 November 2010; accessed February 13, 2012 Construction began in 1806, and although finished in 1810, production only began in April 1813, once the necessary annexes had been built. Daniel I. Iancu"Furnalul de la Govăjdia" ''Dil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, . ''Magnesian limestone'' is an obsolete and poorly-defined term used variously for dolomite, for limes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunila
Bunila ( hu, Bunyila) is a Commune in Romania, commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Alun (''Álun''), Bunila, Cernișoara (''Csernisorfloresza''), Poienița Voinii (''Poienicavojni'') and Vadu Dobrii (''Vádudobri''). References Communes in Hunedoara County Localities in Transylvania {{Hunedoara-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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