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Houston Defender
The ''Houston Defender'' is an African-American newspaper published weekly in Houston, Texas. The newspaper was established October 11, 1930 by C. F. Richardson Sr., who was also publisher of the ''Houston Informer''. The Defender served as a community advocate in the pre-Civil Rights era with a focus on equal rights, improved high school curricula and anti-lynching laws. Richardson died in 1939, and his son, C. F. Richardson Jr., took over the newspaper. Sonceria MessiahJiles purchased the newspaper in 1981. The 2008 readership was 60,000. In 1993 the bi-monthly ''Campus Defender'' was created for a younger audience; its contributors are middle and high school students. The publication moved online in 2008. See also * ''Houston Forward Times'' * ''African-American News and Issues'' * History of the African-Americans in Houston References External links

* * Newspapers published in Houston African-American newspapers Newspapers established in 1930 African-American his ...
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English Language
English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the island of Great Britain. Existing on a dialect continuum with Scots, and then closest related to the Low Saxon and Frisian languages, English is genealogically West Germanic. However, its vocabulary is also distinctively influenced by dialects of France (about 29% of Modern English words) and Latin (also about 29%), plus some grammar and a small amount of core vocabulary influenced by Old Norse (a North Germanic language). Speakers of English are called Anglophones. The earliest forms of English, collectively known as Old English, evolved from a group of West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century and further mutated by Norse-speaking Viking settlers starting in the 8th and 9th ...
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Houston Forward Times
The ''Houston Forward Times'' (FT) is a weekly newspaper headquartered in Houston, Texas. It is one of the largest black-owned newspapers in the city. It is published by the Forward Times Publishing Company, which also publishes other publications such as the '' Daily Cougar''. As of 2014, the ''FT'' is one of the few remaining self-printing black newspapers.Houston Forward Times
" Handbook of Texas. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Julius Carter started the newspaper, which opened in 1960: Carter died in 1971 and his wife, Lenora Carter, took over the operations of the newspaper. The Forward Times Publishing Company began publishing it in 1977. She continued to publish and edit the newspaper, and was continuing to do so in the ...
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African-American History In Houston
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of enslaved Africans who are from the United States. While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African-American, the majority of first generation immigrants do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin. African Americans constitute the second largest racial group in the U.S. after White Americans, as well as the third largest ethnic group after Hispanic and Latino Americans. Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved people within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of West/ Central African with some European descent; some also have Native American and other ancestry. According to U.S. Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not self- ...
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Newspapers Established In 1930
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports and art, and often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint). However, today most newspapers are also published on websites as online newspapers, and some have even abandoned their print versions entirely. Newspapers developed in the 17th century, as ...
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African-American Newspapers
African-American newspapers (also known as the Black press or Black newspapers) are newspaper, news publications in the United States serving African-American communities. Samuel Cornish and John Brown Russwurm started the first African-American periodical called ''Freedom's Journal'' in 1827. During the antebellum South, other African-American newspapers sprang forth, such as ''North Star (anti-slavery newspaper), The North Star'' founded in 1847 by Frederick Douglass. As African Americans moved to urban centers around the country, virtually every large city with a significant African-American population soon had newspapers directed towards African Americans. These newspapers gained audiences outside African-American circles. In the 21st century, papers (like newspapers of all sorts) Decline of newspapers, have shut down, merged, or shrunk in response to the dominance of the Internet in terms of providing free news and information, and providing cheap advertising. History O ...
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Newspapers Published In Houston
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports and art, and often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint). However, today most newspapers are also published on websites as online newspapers, and some have even abandoned their print versions entirely. Newspapers developed in the 17th century, as ...
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History Of The African-Americans In Houston
The African American population in Houston, Texas, has been a significant part of the city's community since its establishment.Haley, John H. (University of North Carolina at Wilmington). "Black Dixie: Afro-Texan History and Culture in Houston" (Book Review). ''The Georgia Historical Quarterly'', July 1, 1993, Vol. 77(2), pp. 412–413Available fromJSTOR. CITED: p. 412. "Blacks were already present in Houston at the time of its founding in 1836,[...]" The Greater Houston area has the List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations, largest population of African Americans in Texas and List of largest cities west of the Mississippi River, west of the Mississippi River. Black Enterprise has referred to Houston as a black mecca. History When Houston was founded in 1836, an African-American community had already begun to be established. In 1860, 49% of the city's African American population was enslaved;Treviño, Robert R. ''The Church in the Barrio: Mexica ...
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African-American News And Issues
''African-American News and Issues'' (AANI) is a weekly African-American newspaper published in Houston, Texas. The newspaper is distributed to zip codes that have the largest concentrations of African Americans within the state of Texas. Circulation is estimated at 312,818. It has been described as "Texas' widest circulated and read newspaper with a Black perspective." It was established as a newspaper serving Acres Homes in 1996.AANI Media Kit

Archive
. ''African-American News and Issues''. p. 2/7. Retrieved on March 17, 2014.


See also

* ''
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University Of Houston
The University of Houston (UH) is a Public university, public research university in Houston, Texas. Founded in 1927, UH is a member of the University of Houston System and the List of universities in Texas by enrollment, university in Texas with over 47,000 students. Its campus, which is primarily in southeast Houston, spans , with the inclusion of its Sugar Land and Katy sites. The university is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified as an "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity." The university offers more than 276 degree programs through its 16 academic colleges and schools and an interdisciplinary Honors College - including programs leading to professional degrees in architecture, law, optometry, medicine and pharmacy. The institution spends $203 million annually in research, and operates more than 35 research centers and institutes on campus. Interdisciplinary research includes superconductivity, space commercializatio ...
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Houston, Texas
Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 in 2020. Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is the seat and largest city of Harris County and the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area, which is the fifth-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States and the second-most populous in Texas after Dallas–Fort Worth. Houston is the southeast anchor of the greater megaregion known as the Texas Triangle. Comprising a land area of , Houston is the ninth-most expansive city in the United States (including consolidated city-counties). It is the largest city in the United States by total area whose government is not consolidated with a county, parish, or borough. Though primarily in Harris County, small portions of the ...
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The Journal Of Negro History
''The Journal of African American History'', formerly ''The Journal of Negro History'' (1916–2001), is a quarterly academic journal covering African-American life and history. It was founded in 1916 by Carter G. Woodson. The journal is owned and overseen by the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH) and was established in 1916 by Woodson and Jesse E. Moorland. The journal publishes original scholarly articles on all aspects of the African-American experience. The journal annually publishes more than sixty reviews of recently published books in the fields of African and African-American life and history. As of 2018, the ''Journal'' is published by the University of Chicago Press on behalf of the ASALH. History ''The Journal of African American History'' (formally the ''Journal of Negro History'') was one of the first scholarly journals to cover African-American history. It was founded in January 1916 by Carter G. Woodson, an African-American histo ...
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American Journalism Historians Association
Founded in 1981, the American Journalism Historians Association (AJHA) seeks to advance education and research in mass communication history. Through its annual meeting, regional conferences, committees, awards, speakers and publications, members work to raise historical standards and ensure that all scholars and students recognize the vast importance of media history and apply this knowledge to the advancement of society. Meetings and conferences AJHA Annual Meeting The organization sponsors an annual fall meeting. Approximately 120 historians attend and participate in discussions surrounding teaching and research in media history. Throughout the meeting, scholars present peer-reviewed research, participate in topical panel discussions and generate ideas for articles and books. At the annual meeting, scholars also participate vigorously in a silent auction that generates thousands of dollars for graduate student aid. AJHA Southeast Symposium Media history scholars from across ...
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