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Hofstede
Gerard Hendrik (Geert) Hofstede (2 October 1928 – 12 February 2020) was a Dutch social psychologist, IBM employee, and Professor Emeritus of Organizational Anthropology and International Management at Maastricht University in the Netherlands, well known for his pioneering research on cross-cultural groups and organizations. He is best known for developing one of the earliest and most popular frameworks for measuring cultural dimensions in a global perspective. Here he described national cultures along six dimensions: Power Distance, Individualism, Uncertainty avoidance, Masculinity, Long Term Orientation, and Indulgence vs. restraint. He was known for his books ''Culture's Consequences'' and ''Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind'', co-authored with his son Gert Jan Hofstede. The latter book deals with organizational culture, which is a different structure from national culture, but also has measurable dimensions, and the same research methodology is used f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory
Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross-cultural communication, developed by Geert Hofstede. It shows the effects of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior, using a structure derived from factor analysis. Hofstede developed his original model as a result of using factor analysis to examine the results of a worldwide survey of employee values by IBM between 1967 and 1973. It has been refined since. The original theory proposed four dimensions along which cultural values could be analyzed: individualism-collectivism; uncertainty avoidance; power distance (strength of social hierarchy) and masculinity-femininity (task-orientation versus person-orientation). The Hofstede Cultural Dimensions factor analysis is based on extensive cultural preferences research conducted by Gert Jan Hofstede and his research teams. Hofstede based his research on national cultural preferences rather than individual cultural prefere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross-cultural Psychology
Cross-cultural psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, including both their variability and invariance, under diverse cultural conditions. Through expanding research methodologies to recognize cultural variance in behavior, language, and meaning it seeks to extend and develop psychology.Gielen, U. P., & Roopnarine, J. L. (Eds.). (2016). ''Childhood and adolescence: Cross-cultural perspectives and applications'' (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. Since psychology as an academic discipline was developed largely in North America and Europe, some psychologists became concerned that constructs and phenomena accepted as universal were not as invariant as previously assumed, especially since many attempts to replicate notable experiments in other cultures had varying success.Smith, Peter B., Fischer, R., Vignoles, V. L. & Bond, M. H. (Eds.). (2013). ''Understanding Social Psychology Across Cultures: Engaging with others in a changing world'' (2nd ed.) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Psychology
International or global psychology is an emerging branch of psychology that focuses on the worldwide enterprise of psychology in terms of communication and networking, cross-cultural comparison, scholarship, practice, and pedagogy (Stevens & Gielen, 2007). Often, the terms international psychology, global psychology, transnational psychology, and cross-cultural psychology are used interchangeably, but their purposes are subtly and importantly different: Global means worldwide, international means across and between nations, transnational means to transcend the nation-state, cross-cultural means across cultures. In contrast, the term “multicultural” is more often used to refer to ethnic and other cultural differences existing within a given nation rather than to global or international comparisons. Definitions and scope International psychology is concerned with the emergence and practice of psychology in different parts of the world (Stevens & Gielen, 2007). It advocates committ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilburg University
Tilburg University is a public university, public research university specializing in the social and behavioral sciences, economics, law, business sciences, theology and humanities, located in Tilburg in the southern part of the Netherlands. Tilburg University has a student population of about 20,284 students, about 18 percent of whom are international students. This percentage has steadily increased over the past years. Tilburg University offers both Dutch language, Dutch-and English-taught programs. In 2019, 48 of the total 71 (21 bachelor and 50 master programs) were English-taught. Tilburg University awards approximately 120 PhDs per year. The institution has gained a reputation in both research and education. In the field of economics, RePEc in March 2020 ranked the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration as the 23rd most productive research department in the world, and the 6th in Europe. According to the 2019 Shanghai Ranking, Tilburg University is ranked 5th in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maastricht University
Maastricht University (abbreviated as UM; nl, Universiteit Maastricht) is a public research university in Maastricht, Netherlands. Founded in 1976, it is the second youngest of the thirteen Dutch universities. In 2021, 22,383 students studied at Maastricht University, 56% of whom were foreign students, with over 4,000 employees. About half of the bachelor's programmes are fully offered in English, while the other half is taught wholly or partly in Dutch. Most of the master's and doctoral programmes are in English. Besides traditional programmes, Maastricht University also has three honours liberal arts colleges: University College Maastricht and the Maastricht Science Programme in the same liberal arts tradition. The satellite University College Venlo opened in 2015. Maastricht University regularly ranks as one of Europe's leading universities. The university has been placed in the top 300 universities in the world by five major ranking tables. Maastricht University was at 88th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Bulgarian University
New Bulgarian University ( bg, Нов български университет, also known and abbreviated as НБУ, NBU) is a private university based in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Its campus is in the western district of the city, known for its proximity to the Vitosha nature park. The university also owns multiple other buildings across the country, as well as its own publishing house and a library. Among the list of NBU Honorary Doctors and Honorary Professors are Richard Rorty, Thomas Sebeok, Wolfgang Iser, Terry Eagleton, Julia Kristeva, Jean-Pierre Vernant, Ralf Dahrendorf, Steve Forbes, Geert Hofstede, Ennio Morricone, Milcho Leviev, Raina Kabaivanska, Alexander Fol, Vera Mutafchieva, Georgy Fotev etc. The mission of New Bulgarian University is to: - be an autonomous academic institution that supports students in their entrepreneurial and personal development. - be a liberal academic institution, based on the link between education, research and entrepreneurshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groningen University
The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; nl, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen in the Netherlands. Founded in 1614, the university is the second oldest in the country (after Leiden) and one of the most traditional and prestigious universities in the Netherlands. The institution has been consistently ranked among the top 100 universities in the world, according to leading ranking tables. In the 2022 Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities, RUG is ranked fourth in the Netherlands. The University of Groningen has eleven faculties, nine graduate schools, 27 research centres and institutes, and more than 175-degree programmes. The university's alumni and faculty include Johann Bernoulli, Aletta Jacobs, four Nobel Prize winners, nine Spinoza Prize winners, one Stevin Prize winner, various members of the Dutch royal family, several politicians, the first president of the European ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Liège
The University of Liège (french: Université de Liège), or ULiège, is a major public university of the French Community of Belgium based in Liège, Wallonia, Belgium. Its official language is French. As of 2020, ULiège is ranked in the 301–350 category worldwide according to ''Times Higher Education'', 451st by ''QS World University Rankings'', and between the 201st and 300th place by the '' Academic Ranking of World Universities''. More than 2,000 people, including academics, scientists and technicians, are involved in research of a wide variety of subjects from basic research to applied research. History The university was founded in 1817 by William I of the Netherlands, then King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and by his Minister of Education, Anton Reinhard Falck. The foundation of the university was the result of a long intellectual tradition which dates back to the origins of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. Beginning in the eleventh century, the influenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg ( sv, Göteborgs universitet) is a university in Sweden's second largest city, Gothenburg. Founded in 1891, the university is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and with 37,000 students and 6000 staff members it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries. About With its eight faculties and 38 departments, the University of Gothenburg is one of the most wide-ranging and versatile universities in Sweden. Its eight faculties offer training in the Creative Arts, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Humanities, Education, Information Technology, Business, Economics and Law, and Health Sciences. The University of Gothenburg has the highest number of applicants per study place in many of its subjects and courses, making it one of the most popular universities in Sweden. History The University of Gothenburg was founded as ''Göteborgs högskola'' (Gothenburg University College) in 1891. In 1907 it was granted the same s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Athens University Of Economics And Business
Athens University of Economics and Business (AUEB; el, Οικονομικό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, ''Oikonomiko Panepistimio Athinon'', abbrev. ΟΠΑ, OPA) was founded in 1920 in Athens, Greece and is the oldest university in Greece in the field of economics. Before 1989, the university was known in Greek as the Supreme School of Economics and Business (Ανωτάτη Σχολή Οικονομικών και Εμπορικών Επιστημών, ''Anotati Scholi Oikonomikon kai Emborikon Epistimon'', abbrev. ΑΣΟΕΕ, ASOEE). Though the university of business's official name has changed, it is still known popularly in Greek by this former acronym."''AUEB is a leading Greek institution in its field...''" History The Athens University of Economics and Business (AUEB) was founded in 1920 under the name of Athens School of Commercial Studies. It was renamed in 1926 as the Athens School of Economics and Business, a name that was retained until 1989 when it assu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIETAR
The Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research (SIETAR) was founded in 1974 as an interdisciplinary network for trainers and researchers in the area of intercultural and cross-cultural communication. As of 2004, SIETAR had a network of national and regional professional networks with more than 3,000 members worldwide. It holds NGO status with the United Nations. Kathryn Sorrells states that it "played a central role in facilitating collaboration among intercultural practitioners". For a time, SIETAR was the publisher of the ''International Journal of Intercultural Relations'' before the publication was taken over by the International Academy of Intercultural Research. SIETAR has many different bodies, like Argentina, Austria, Brazil, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Europe, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, USA, and Young Sietar. Foundation L. Robert Kohls is a founding member. References Exter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyenrode Business University
Nyenrode Business Universiteit (abbreviated as ''NBU''; nl, Nyenrode Business Universiteit) is a Dutch business university and one of the five private universities in the Netherlands. Founded in 1946, it is located on a large estate in the town of Breukelen, between Amsterdam and Utrecht. The educational institution is named after the castle where the course is located: . Nyenrode was founded under the name of the ''Netherlands Training Institute for Abroad'' (NOIB in Dutch) by renowned private Dutch companies, including KLM, Shell, Unilever, Philips and AkzoNobel with an objective- 'For Business, By Business'. The establishment was the result of an idea from KLM director Albert Plesman. Academics The full-time and part-time MBA programs include a two-week module at Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management near Chicago. In addition to Kellogg, Nyenrode has close connections with the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa, the Vlerick Leuven Gent Management Sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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