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Hitori
Hitori (Japanese: "Alone" or "one person"; ''Hitori ni shite kure''; literally "leave me alone") is a type of logic puzzle published by Nikoli. Hitori is NP complete.{{citation, title=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, title-link=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, year=2009, first1=Robert A., last1=Hearn, first2=Erik D., last2=Demaine, author2-link=Erik Demaine, contribution=Section 9.2: Hitori, pages=112–115, contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h-DqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112, publisher=A K Peters Rules Hitori is played with a grid of squares or cells, with each cell initially containing a number. The game is played by eliminating squares/numbers and this is done by blacking them out. The objective is to transform the grid to a state wherein all three following rules are true: *no row or column can have more than one occurrence of any given number *black cells cannot be horizontally or vertically adjacent, although they can be diagonal to one another. *the remaining numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hitori
Hitori (Japanese: "Alone" or "one person"; ''Hitori ni shite kure''; literally "leave me alone") is a type of logic puzzle published by Nikoli. Hitori is NP complete.{{citation, title=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, title-link=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, year=2009, first1=Robert A., last1=Hearn, first2=Erik D., last2=Demaine, author2-link=Erik Demaine, contribution=Section 9.2: Hitori, pages=112–115, contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h-DqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112, publisher=A K Peters Rules Hitori is played with a grid of squares or cells, with each cell initially containing a number. The game is played by eliminating squares/numbers and this is done by blacking them out. The objective is to transform the grid to a state wherein all three following rules are true: *no row or column can have more than one occurrence of any given number *black cells cannot be horizontally or vertically adjacent, although they can be diagonal to one another. *the remaining numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hitori Completed
Hitori (Japanese: "Alone" or "one person"; ''Hitori ni shite kure''; literally "leave me alone") is a type of logic puzzle published by Nikoli. Hitori is NP complete.{{citation, title=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, title-link=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, year=2009, first1=Robert A., last1=Hearn, first2=Erik D., last2=Demaine, author2-link=Erik Demaine, contribution=Section 9.2: Hitori, pages=112–115, contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h-DqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112, publisher= A K Peters Rules Hitori is played with a grid of squares or cells, with each cell initially containing a number. The game is played by eliminating squares/numbers and this is done by blacking them out. The objective is to transform the grid to a state wherein all three following rules are true: *no row or column can have more than one occurrence of any given number *black cells cannot be horizontally or vertically adjacent, although they can be diagonal to one another. *the remaining num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikoli (publisher)
is a Japanese publisher that specializes in games and, especially, logic puzzles. ''Nikoli'' is also the nickname of a quarterly magazine (whose full name is ''Puzzle Communication Nikoli'') issued by the company in Tokyo. ''Nikoli'' was established in 1980 and became prominent worldwide with the popularity of ''Sudoku''. The name "Nikoli" comes from the racehorse who won the Irish 2,000 Guineas in 1980; the founder of Nikoli, Maki Kaji, was fond of horseracing and betting. Nikoli's claim to fame is its vast library of "culture independent" puzzles. An example of a language/culture-dependent genre of puzzle would be the crossword, which relies on a specific language and alphabet. For this reason Nikoli's puzzles are often purely logical, and often numerical. Nikoli's Sudoku Sudoku (; ja, 数独, sūdoku, digit-single; originally called Number Place) is a logic-based, combinatorics, combinatorial number-placement puzzle. In classic Sudoku, the objective is to fill a 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Nikoli Puzzle Types
is a Japanese publisher that specializes in games and, especially, logic puzzles. ''Nikoli'' is also the nickname of a quarterly magazine (whose full name is ''Puzzle Communication Nikoli'') issued by the company in Tokyo. ''Nikoli'' was established in 1980 and became prominent worldwide with the popularity of '' Sudoku''. The name "Nikoli" comes from the racehorse Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition. It is one of the most ancient of all sports, as its basic pr ... who won the Irish 2,000 Guineas in 1980; the founder of Nikoli, Maki Kaji, was fond of horseracing and betting. Nikoli's claim to fame is its vast library of "culture independent" puzzles. An example of a language/ culture-dependent genre of puzzle would be the crossword, which relies on a specific language and alphabet. For this reason Nikoli's puzzles are often p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puzzle Communication Nikoli
A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together ( or take them apart) in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct or fun solution of the puzzle. There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, relational puzzles, and logic puzzles. The academic study of puzzles is called enigmatology. Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logical problems. In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' dates the word ''puzzle'' (as a verb) to the end of the 16th century. Its earliest use documented in the ''OED'' was in a book titled ''The Voyage of Robert Dudley...to the West Indies, 1594–95, narrated by Capt. Wyatt, by himself, and by Abram Kendall, master'' (published circa 1595) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logic Puzzle
A logic puzzle is a puzzle deriving from the mathematical field of deduction. History The logic puzzle was first produced by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who is better known under his pen name Lewis Carroll, the author of ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''. In his book ''The Game of Logic'' he introduced a game to solve problems such as confirming the conclusion "Some greyhounds are not fat" from the statements "No fat creatures run well" and "Some greyhounds run well". Puzzles like this, where we are given a list of premises and asked what can be deduced from them, are known as syllogisms. Dodgson goes on to construct much more complex puzzles consisting of up to 8 premises. In the second half of the 20th century mathematician Raymond M. Smullyan continued and expanded the branch of logic puzzles with books such as '' The Lady or the Tiger?'', '' To Mock a Mockingbird'' and ''Alice in Puzzle-Land''. He popularized the " knights and knaves" puzzles, which involve knights, who al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NP-completeness
In computational complexity theory, a problem is NP-complete when: # it is a problem for which the correctness of each solution can be verified quickly (namely, in polynomial time) and a brute-force search algorithm can find a solution by trying all possible solutions. # the problem can be used to simulate every other problem for which we can verify quickly that a solution is correct. In this sense, NP-complete problems are the hardest of the problems to which solutions can be verified quickly. If we could find solutions of some NP-complete problem quickly, we could quickly find the solutions of every other problem to which a given solution can be easily verified. The name "NP-complete" is short for "nondeterministic polynomial-time complete". In this name, "nondeterministic" refers to nondeterministic Turing machines, a way of mathematically formalizing the idea of a brute-force search algorithm. Polynomial time refers to an amount of time that is considered "quick" for a det ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A K Peters
A K Peters, Ltd. was a publisher of scientific and technical books, specializing in mathematics and in computer graphics, robotics, and other fields of computer science. They published the journals '' Experimental Mathematics'' and the ''Journal of Graphics Tools'', as well as mathematics books geared to children. Background Klaus Peters wrote a doctoral dissertation on complex manifolds at the University of Erlangen in 1962, supervised by Reinhold Remmert. He then joined Springer Verlag, becoming their first specialist mathematics editor. As a Springer director from 1971, he hired Alice Merker for Springer New York: they were married that year, and moved to Heidelberg. Leaving Springer, they founded Birkhäuser Boston in 1979; Birkhäuser ran into financial difficulties, and was taken over by Springer. Klaus and Alice then spent a period running a Boston office for Harcourt Brace Jovanovich and their imprint Academic Press. With the takeover of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kei
Kei may refer to: People * Kei (given name) is a Japanese male's personal name; used increasingly as a female's personal name, as a shortening of Keiko. Possible writings Kei can be written using different kanji characters and can mean: *, "square jewel" *, "blessing" *, "wise" *, "jubila ... * Kei, Cantonese for Ji (surname), Ji(姫) * Kei, Cantonese for Qi (surname), Qi(奇, 祁, 亓) * Shō Kei (1700–1752), king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom * Kei (singer) (born 1995), stage name of South Korean singer Kim Ji-yeon * Princess Kei (Keihime) of Japan * Kei Nishikori, Japanese professional tennis player Automobiles *Kei car, a Japanese category of small automobiles **Suzuki Kei, a kei car produced by Suzuki between 1998 and 2009 **Kei truck, a tiny RWD or 4WD pickup truck in Japan In fiction *xxxHolic: Kei, the second season of the anime *Sir Kei or Sir Kay, a character in Arthurian legend *Kei, a Yamagata (Akira), character in ''Akira'' media *Kei, a Dirty Pair#Lovely Angels, ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
