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Hitori
Hitori (Japanese: "Alone" or "one person"; ''Hitori ni shite kure''; literally "leave me alone") is a type of logic puzzle published by Nikoli. Hitori is NP complete.{{citation, title=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, title-link=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, year=2009, first1=Robert A., last1=Hearn, first2=Erik D., last2=Demaine, author2-link=Erik Demaine, contribution=Section 9.2: Hitori, pages=112–115, contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h-DqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112, publisher=A K Peters Rules Hitori is played with a grid of squares or cells, with each cell initially containing a number. The game is played by eliminating squares/numbers and this is done by blacking them out. The objective is to transform the grid to a state wherein all three following rules are true: *no row or column can have more than one occurrence of any given number *black cells cannot be horizontally or vertically adjacent, although they can be diagonal to one another. *the remaining numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hitori
Hitori (Japanese: "Alone" or "one person"; ''Hitori ni shite kure''; literally "leave me alone") is a type of logic puzzle published by Nikoli. Hitori is NP complete.{{citation, title=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, title-link=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, year=2009, first1=Robert A., last1=Hearn, first2=Erik D., last2=Demaine, author2-link=Erik Demaine, contribution=Section 9.2: Hitori, pages=112–115, contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h-DqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112, publisher=A K Peters Rules Hitori is played with a grid of squares or cells, with each cell initially containing a number. The game is played by eliminating squares/numbers and this is done by blacking them out. The objective is to transform the grid to a state wherein all three following rules are true: *no row or column can have more than one occurrence of any given number *black cells cannot be horizontally or vertically adjacent, although they can be diagonal to one another. *the remaining numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hitori Completed
Hitori (Japanese: "Alone" or "one person"; ''Hitori ni shite kure''; literally "leave me alone") is a type of logic puzzle published by Nikoli. Hitori is NP complete.{{citation, title=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, title-link=Games, Puzzles, and Computation, year=2009, first1=Robert A., last1=Hearn, first2=Erik D., last2=Demaine, author2-link=Erik Demaine, contribution=Section 9.2: Hitori, pages=112–115, contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h-DqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112, publisher=A K Peters Rules Hitori is played with a grid of squares or cells, with each cell initially containing a number. The game is played by eliminating squares/numbers and this is done by blacking them out. The objective is to transform the grid to a state wherein all three following rules are true: *no row or column can have more than one occurrence of any given number *black cells cannot be horizontally or vertically adjacent, although they can be diagonal to one another. *the remaining numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikoli (publisher)
is a Japanese publisher that specializes in games and, especially, logic puzzles. ''Nikoli'' is also the nickname of a quarterly magazine (whose full name is ''Puzzle Communication Nikoli'') issued by the company in Tokyo. ''Nikoli'' was established in 1980 and became prominent worldwide with the popularity of ''Sudoku''. The name "Nikoli" comes from the racehorse who won the Irish 2,000 Guineas in 1980; the founder of Nikoli, Maki Kaji, was fond of horseracing and betting. Nikoli's claim to fame is its vast library of "culture independent" puzzles. An example of a language/culture-dependent genre of puzzle would be the crossword, which relies on a specific language and alphabet. For this reason Nikoli's puzzles are often purely logical, and often numerical. Nikoli's Sudoku, the most popular logic problem in Japan, was popularized in the English-speaking world in 2005, though that game has a history stretching back hundreds of years and across the globe. The magazine has invente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Nikoli Puzzle Types
is a Japanese publisher that specializes in games and, especially, logic puzzles. ''Nikoli'' is also the nickname of a quarterly magazine (whose full name is ''Puzzle Communication Nikoli'') issued by the company in Tokyo. ''Nikoli'' was established in 1980 and became prominent worldwide with the popularity of ''Sudoku''. The name "Nikoli" comes from the racehorse who won the Irish 2,000 Guineas in 1980; the founder of Nikoli, Maki Kaji, was fond of horseracing and betting. Nikoli's claim to fame is its vast library of "culture independent" puzzles. An example of a language/culture-dependent genre of puzzle would be the crossword, which relies on a specific language and alphabet. For this reason Nikoli's puzzles are often purely logical, and often numerical. Nikoli's Sudoku, the most popular logic problem in Japan, was popularized in the English-speaking world in 2005, though that game has a history stretching back hundreds of years and across the globe. The magazine has invent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puzzle Communication Nikoli
A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together ( or take them apart) in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct or fun solution of the puzzle. There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, relational puzzles, and logic puzzles. The academic study of puzzles is called enigmatology. Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logical problems. In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' dates the word ''puzzle'' (as a verb) to the end of the 16th century. Its earliest use documented in the ''OED'' was in a book titled ''The Voyage of Robert Dudley...to the West Indies, 1594–95, narrated by Capt. Wyatt, by himself, and by Abram Kendall, master'' (published circa 1595). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logic Puzzle
A logic puzzle is a puzzle deriving from the mathematics, mathematical field of deductive reasoning, deduction. History The logic puzzle was first produced by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who is better known under his pen name Lewis Carroll, the author of ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''. In his book ''The Game of Logic'' he introduced a game to solve problems such as confirming the conclusion "Some greyhounds are not fat" from the statements "No fat creatures run well" and "Some greyhounds run well". Puzzles like this, where we are given a list of premises and asked what can be deduced from them, are known as syllogisms. Dodgson goes on to construct much more complex puzzles consisting of up to 8 premises. In the second half of the 20th century mathematician Raymond Smullyan, Raymond M. Smullyan continued and expanded the branch of logic puzzles with books such as ''The Lady or the Tiger?'', ''To Mock a Mockingbird'' and ''Alice in Puzzle-Land''. He popularized the "knights an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NP-completeness
In computational complexity theory, a problem is NP-complete when: # it is a problem for which the correctness of each solution can be verified quickly (namely, in polynomial time) and a brute-force search algorithm can find a solution by trying all possible solutions. # the problem can be used to simulate every other problem for which we can verify quickly that a solution is correct. In this sense, NP-complete problems are the hardest of the problems to which solutions can be verified quickly. If we could find solutions of some NP-complete problem quickly, we could quickly find the solutions of every other problem to which a given solution can be easily verified. The name "NP-complete" is short for "nondeterministic polynomial-time complete". In this name, "nondeterministic" refers to nondeterministic Turing machines, a way of mathematically formalizing the idea of a brute-force search algorithm. Polynomial time refers to an amount of time that is considered "quick" for a deter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A K Peters
A K Peters, Ltd. was a publisher of scientific and technical books, specializing in mathematics and in computer graphics, robotics, and other fields of computer science. They published the journals ''Experimental Mathematics'' and the '' Journal of Graphics Tools'', as well as mathematics books geared to children. Background Klaus Peters wrote a doctoral dissertation on complex manifolds at the University of Erlangen in 1962, supervised by Reinhold Remmert. He then joined Springer Verlag, becoming their first specialist mathematics editor. As a Springer director from 1971, he hired Alice Merker for Springer New York: they were married that year, and moved to Heidelberg. Leaving Springer, they founded Birkhäuser Boston in 1979; Birkhäuser ran into financial difficulties, and was taken over by Springer. Klaus and Alice then spent a period running a Boston office for Harcourt Brace Jovanovich and their imprint Academic Press. With the takeover of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich by Gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kei
Kei may refer to: People * Kei (given name) * Kei, Cantonese for Ji(姫) * Kei, Cantonese for Qi(奇, 祁, 亓) * Shō Kei (1700–1752), king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom * Kei (singer) (born 1995), stage name of South Korean singer Kim Ji-yeon * Princess Kei (Keihime) of Japan * Kei Nishikori, Japanese professional tennis player Automobiles *Kei car, a Japanese category of small automobiles **Suzuki Kei, a kei car produced by Suzuki between 1998 and 2009 **Kei truck, a tiny RWD or 4WD pickup truck in Japan In fiction * xxxHolic: Kei, the second season of the anime *Sir Kei or Sir Kay, a character in Arthurian legend *Kei, a character in ''Akira'' media *Kei, a character in ''Dirty Pair'' media *Kei, a character in the ''Ape Escape'' universe *Kei, a fictional country in ''Twelve Kingdoms'' media *Kei, a character in ''Moon Child'' *Kei Nagase, a character in the ''Ace Combat'' universe *Kei, short for Keiichiro, a character in ''Wangan Midnight'' and Wangan Midnight Maximum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakuro
Kakuro or Kakkuro or Kakoro ( ja, カックロ) is a kind of logic puzzle that is often referred to as a mathematical transliteration of the crossword. Kakuro puzzles are regular features in many math-and-logic puzzle publications across the world. In 1966, Canadian Jacob E. Funk, an employee of Dell Magazines, came up with the original English name ''Cross Sums'' and other names such as ''Cross Addition'' have also been used, but the Japanese name ''Kakuro,'' abbreviation of Japanese ''kasan kurosu'' (加算クロス, "addition cross"), seems to have gained general acceptance and the puzzles appear to be titled this way now in most publications. The popularity of Kakuro in Japan is immense, second only to Sudoku among Nikoli's famed logic-puzzle offerings. The canonical Kakuro puzzle is played in a grid of filled and barred cells, "black" and "white" respectively. Puzzles are usually 16×16 in size, although these dimensions can vary widely. Apart from the top row and leftmo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudoku
Sudoku (; ja, 数独, sūdoku, digit-single; originally called Number Place) is a logic-based, combinatorial number-placement puzzle. In classic Sudoku, the objective is to fill a 9 × 9 grid with digits so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3 × 3 subgrids that compose the grid (also called "boxes", "blocks", or "regions") contain all of the digits from 1 to 9. The puzzle setter provides a partially completed grid, which for a well-posed puzzle has a single solution. French newspapers featured variations of the Sudoku puzzles in the 19th century, and the puzzle has appeared since 1979 in puzzle books under the name Number Place. However, the modern Sudoku only began to gain widespread popularity in 1986 when it was published by the Japanese puzzle company Nikoli under the name Sudoku, meaning "single number". It first appeared in a U.S. newspaper, and then ''The Times'' (London), in 2004, thanks to the efforts of Wayne Gould, who devised a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logic Puzzles
A logic puzzle is a puzzle deriving from the mathematical field of deduction. History The logic puzzle was first produced by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who is better known under his pen name Lewis Carroll, the author of ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''. In his book ''The Game of Logic'' he introduced a game to solve problems such as confirming the conclusion "Some greyhounds are not fat" from the statements "No fat creatures run well" and "Some greyhounds run well". Puzzles like this, where we are given a list of premises and asked what can be deduced from them, are known as syllogisms. Dodgson goes on to construct much more complex puzzles consisting of up to 8 premises. In the second half of the 20th century mathematician Raymond M. Smullyan continued and expanded the branch of logic puzzles with books such as '' The Lady or the Tiger?'', ''To Mock a Mockingbird'' and ''Alice in Puzzle-Land''. He popularized the " knights and knaves" puzzles, which involve knights, who a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
