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History Of Wheat Industry Regulation In Australia
The wheat industry of Australia has been organised by government regulation, by both the Commonwealth Government and state governments. The wheat and grain industry of Australia has been a major agricultural export industry providing significant parts of Australia with a viable industry and profitable crop for over one hundred years. 1915 to 1949 In 1915, an Australian Wheat Board was constituted, comprising the Prime Minister and a Minister from each wheat growing state. The Board was created under the ''War Precautions Act 1914'' to administer a wheat pooling scheme. The scheme was designed to assist wheat growers and ensure appropriate management of vital foodstuff during World War I. In 1921 the Australian Wheat Board ceased operation. Regional wheat pools were established, often managed by farmer cooperatives. In 1939 the Australian Wheat Board was re-established as a war time measure. It was created as a statutory authority with a monopoly over purchasing and exporting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example: * in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis; * in government, typically regulation means stipulations of the delegated legislation which is drafted by subject-matter experts to enforce primary legislation; * in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and, * in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals. Social Regulation in the social, political, psychological, and economic domains can take many forms: legal restrictions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Agriculture In Australia
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regulation In Australia
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example: * in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis; * in government, typically regulation means stipulations of the delegated legislation which is drafted by subject-matter experts to enforce primary legislation; * in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and, * in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals. Social Regulation in the social, political, psychological, and economic domains can take many forms: legal restrictions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat Exports Australia
Wheat Exports Australia (WEA) was an Australian government agency that regulated the export of bulk wheat through the bulk Wheat Export Accreditation Scheme ("the Scheme"). The Wheat Export Marketing Amendment Act 2012 was passed by parliament on 29 November 2012, abolishing Wheat Exports Australia The WEA was established on 1 July 2008 under the Wheat Export Marketing Act 2008 ("the Act"). It succeeded the Export Wheat Commission The Export Wheat Commission (EWC) was a statutory authority of the Australian government. The EWC was established on 1 October 2007 and superseded the Wheat Export Authority (WEA). The EWC was a statutory commission operating under the Financial .... References External links * Archived website http://wayback.archive-it.org/3413/20121204151214/http://www.wea.gov.au/ * Wheat Export Marketing Act 2008Wheat Export Accreditation Scheme 2008ACCC - Port Terminal Access UndertakingsProductivity Commission Report on Australia's Wheat Export Marketing Arra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Export Wheat Commission
The Export Wheat Commission (EWC) was a statutory authority of the Australian government. The EWC was established on 1 October 2007 and superseded the Wheat Export Authority (WEA). The EWC was a statutory commission operating under the Financial Management and Accountability Act 1997. Funding and role The EWC's role was determined by the Wheat ''Marketing Act 1989'' (the Act) and its operations were funded from three sources: 1. Wheat Export Charge In June 2003, the Wheat Marketing Act 1989 was amended to make provision for the introduction of a Wheat Export Charge (WEC) on all Australian wheat exports. The WEC came into effect by regulation on 1 October 2003 and was set at 22 cents per tonne. It remained at that level during the reporting period. Income provided by the WEC for the EWC in 2007–08 was AUD1,191 million (representing 33% of total funding requirements) compared with AUD2.208 million (61%) in 2006–07, and AUD3.321 million (97%) in 2005–06. The Primary Industrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terence Cole (jurist)
Terence Rhoderic Hudson Cole, (born 31 October 1937), is an Australian judge, jurist, known best for presiding over two Government of Australia, Australian Government Royal Commissions. Background Cole was born in Longreach, Queensland, Longreach, Queensland, and was educated at Fort Street High School in Sydney; where he was school Vice Captain. He graduated from the University of Sydney in 1961 with a Bachelor of Arts, BA Bachelor of Laws, LL.B. Legal career Cole practiced as a lawyer, solicitor before he was admitted to the barrister, bar in 1962 where he represented in commercial and common law matters and before the New South Wales Land and Environment Court, Land and Environment Court. He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1976. Cole was appointed as a judge to the Supreme Court of New South Wales in 1988 in the Common Law Division; and then in the Commercial Division of the Court until 1994. He was promoted as a judge of the Court of Appeal of New South Wales in 1994 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Stock Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd or ASX, is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia as, or confused within Australia as, The Sydney Stock Exchange, a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation of the Australian Parliament as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges, and merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006. Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups. ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives. Overview ASX Group is a market operator, clearing house and payments system facilitator. It also oversees compliance with its operating rules, promotes standards of corporate governance amo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat Export Authority
The Wheat Export Authority (WEA) was established 1 July 1999 as part of restructuring the former government-owned Australian Wheat Board in preparation for its sale as AWB Limited. It was felt that a number of the tasks carried out by the previous Australian Wheat Board would not be appropriate for a privately owned body; thus, the WEA was established. The WEA's role was determined by the Wheat Marketing Act 1989 and its operations were funded by a charge on Australian wheat exports. The WEA was controlled by a five-member board of directors, appointed for a period of up to three years by the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. They were supported by a 16-person Canberra-based Secretariat, headed by a Chief Executive Officer. The WEA was an agency under the Commonwealth Authorities and Corporations Act 1997. The WEA had two major functions, including monitoring and reporting to the government and growers on AWB(I)'s performance in managing the National heatPool. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonne
The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton ( United States customary units), and the long ton ( British imperial units). It is equivalent to approximately 2204.6 pounds, 1.102 short tons, and 0.984 long tons. The official SI unit is the megagram (symbol: Mg), a less common way to express the same mass. Symbol and abbreviations The BIPM symbol for the tonne is t, adopted at the same time as the unit in 1879.Table 6 . BIPM. Retrieved on 2011-07-10. Its use is also official for the metric ton in the United States, having been adopted by the United States |
Single Desk
A single desk is a monopoly marketer and buyer of a product with multiple suppliers. They were common in markets for agricultural produce. Single-desk marketing in Australia Wheat In Australia, the single desk was the monopoly marketing of wheat by the Australian Wheat Board (1939–1999) and its privatised successor, AWB (International) Limited (1999–2008). In this situation, returns from growers were pooled together nationally and the prices averaged by the Board, which covered both domestic and international sales until 1989, when it focused exclusively on exports. In its last year, this was limited further to just bulk exports. Momentum for change to the export marketing arrangements built up over time, following: * the National Competition Policy Review of the ''Wheat Marketing Act 1989'' (2000), which found there was no clear, credible, and unambiguous evidence that the current arrangements for the marketing of export wheat were of net benefit to the Australian community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Australia
The Australian Government, also known as the Commonwealth Government, is the national government of Australia, a federalism, federal parliamentary system, parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Like other Westminster system, Westminster-style systems of government, the Australian Government is made up of three branches: the executive (the Prime Minister of Australia, prime minister, the Ministers of the Crown, ministers, and government departments), the legislative (the Parliament of Australia), and the Judiciary of Australia, judicial. The legislative branch, the federal Parliament, is made up of two chambers: the House of Representatives (Australia), House of Representatives (lower house) and Australian Senate, Senate (upper house). The House of Representatives has 151 Member of parliament, members, each representing an individual electoral district of about 165,000 people. The Senate has 76 members: twelve from each of the six states and two each from Australia's internal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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