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History Of Jews In Udmurtia And Tatarstan
The Udmurt and Tatar Jews are a special ethnocultural group of Ashkenazi Jews, which originally formed in the areas of the mixed Turkic-speaking (Volga Tatars, Kryashens, Bashkirs, Anatris), Finno-Ugric-speaking (Udmurts, Eastern Maris), and Slavic-speaking (Russians) population. From 1807, Jewish people also began to reside in the industrial and administrative centers of Sarapulsky Uezd (predominantly in Izhevsk, Votkinsk, Sarapul). Until this time the Jews in this region lived only in Kazan (from the 18th century). The occurrence of Jewish communities in the region was made possible only after the decree of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia on August 26, 1827 on the introduction of conscription for the Jews (see Cantonists).Казань. Электронная еврейская энциклопедия. = אתר האנציקלופדיה היהוד ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udmurtia
Udmurtia (russian: Удму́ртия, r=Udmúrtiya, p=ʊˈdmurtʲɪjə; udm, Удмуртия, ''Udmurtija''), or the Udmurt Republic (russian: Удмуртская Республика, udm, Удмурт Республика, Удмурт Элькун, ''Udmurt Respublika'', ''Udmurt Eľkun''), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) in Eastern Europe, within the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk. Name The name ''Udmurt'' comes from ('meadow people'), where the first part represents the Permic root or ('meadow, glade, turf, greenery'). This is supported by a document dated 1557, in which the Udmurts are referred to as ('meadow people'), alongside the traditional Russian name . The second part means 'person' (cf. Komi , Mari ). It is probably an early borrowing from a Scythian language: or ('person, man'; cf. Urdu ), which is thought to have been borrowed from the Indo-Aryan term ('man, mortal, one who is bound to die'. cf. Old Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantonists
Cantonists (Russian language: кантонисты; more properly: военные кантонисты, "military cantonists") were underage sons of conscripts in the Russian Empire. From 1721 on they were educated in special "canton schools" (Кантонистские школы) for future military service (the schools were called garrison schools in the 18th century). The canton schools and the cantonist system were eventually abolished in 1857, following public and international criticism and the Russian defeat in the Crimean War. Cantonist schools during the 18th and early 19th centuries Cantonist schools were established by the 1721 decree of Tsar Peter the Great that stipulated that every regiment was required to maintain a school for 50 boys. Their enrollment was increased in 1732, and the term was set from the age of 7 to 15. The curriculum included grammar and arithmetic, and those with a corresponding aptitude were taught artillery, fortification, music and singing, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatar Language
Tatar ( or ) is a Turkic language spoken by Tatars mainly located in modern Tatarstan (European Russia), as well as Siberia. It should not be confused with Crimean Tatar or Siberian Tatar, which are closely related but belong to different subgroups of the Kipchak languages. Geographic distribution The Tatar language is spoken in Russia (about 5.3 million people), Ukraine, China, Finland, Turkey, Uzbekistan, the United States of America, Romania, Azerbaijan, Israel, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia and other countries. There are more than 7 million speakers of Tatar in the world. Tatar is also native for several thousand Maris. Mordva's Qaratay group also speak a variant of Kazan Tatar. In the 2010 census, 69% of Russian Tatars who responded to the question about language ability claimed a knowledge of the Tatar language. In Tatarstan, 93% of Tatars and 3.6% of Russians did so. In neighbouring Bashkortostan, 67% of Tatars, 27% of Bashkirs, and 1.3% of Russians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udmurt Language
Udmurt is a Permic language spoken by the Udmurt people who are native to Udmurtia. As a Uralic language, it is distantly related to languages such as Finnish, Estonian, Mansi, Khanty, and Hungarian. The Udmurt language is co-official with Russian within Udmurtia. It is written using the Cyrillic alphabet with the addition of five characters not used in the Russian alphabet: Ӝ/ӝ, Ӟ/ӟ, Ӥ/ӥ, Ӧ/ӧ, and Ӵ/ӵ. Together with the Komi and Permyak languages, it constitutes the Permic grouping of the Uralic family. Among outsiders, it has traditionally been referred to by its Russian exonym, Votyak. Udmurt has borrowed vocabulary from neighboring languages, mainly from Tatar and Russian. In 2010, as per the Russian census, there were around 324,000 speakers of the language in the country, out of the ethnic population of roughly 554,000. Ethnologue estimated that there were 550,000 native speakers (77%) out of an ethnic population of 750,000 in the former Russian SFSR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naberezhnye Chelny
Naberezhnye Chelny ( rus, На́бережные Челны́, p=ˈnabʲɪrʲɪʐnɨjə tɕɪlˈnɨ; tt-Cyrl, Яр Чаллы, ''Yar Çallı'', IPA: �jar ɕɑlːɤ̆ is the second largest city in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. A major industrial center, Naberezhnye Chelny stands on the Kama River east of Kazan near Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. Population: The city was briefly known as ''Brezhnev'' from 1982 until 1988. History Naberezhnye Chelny was granted town status on August 10, 1930, and was called Brezhnev (after Leonid Brezhnev) from 1982 to 1988. The city of Naberezhnye Chelny was one of the residence centers of the Udmurt Jews, who spoke Udmurtish Yiddish.Altyntsev A.V., "The Concept of Love in Ashkenazim of Udmurtia and Tatarstan", Nauka Udmurtii. 2013. No. 4 (66), p. 131. (Алтынцев А.В."Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази Удмуртии и Татарстана".Наука Удмуртии. 2013. №4. С. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agryz
Agryz (russian: Агры́з; tt-Cyrl, Әгерҗе, ''Ägerce'') is a town and the administrative center of Agryzsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Izh River (Volga's basin), east of Kazan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 19,300. History It was founded as a settlement serving the construction of the Kazan–Yekaterinburg railway. It was granted town status on August 28, 1938. Agryz was one of the residence centers of the Udmurt Jews, who spoke the Udmurt idiom of Yiddish (''Udmurtish''). (A.V. Altyntsev).Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази Удмуртии и Татарстана" (''The Concept of Love as Understood by Ashkenazi Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan''). "Наука Удмуртии", №4 (66), 2013 Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Agryz serves as the administrative center of Agryzsky District, to which it is dire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alnashi
Alnashi (russian: Алнаши, udm, Алнаш, ''Alnaš'') is a ''selo'' (larger village) in Alnashsky District, Udmurt Republic, Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig .... It is located by the confluence of rivers Toyma and . Its recorded history traces back to 1716. It was officially recognized as ''selo'' in 1836.http://www.udmurt.ru/region/district/goroda/alnashi/istaln.php Notable people * Alexander Solovyov (politician), head of Udmurtia (2014–2017) was born here References {{Authority control Rural localities in Udmurtia Yelabuzhsky Uyezd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kambarka
Kambarka (russian: Камбарка) is a town and the administrative center of Kambarsky District of the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located on the Kambarka River (Kama's basin), southeast of Izhevsk. Population: History It was founded as a settlement around a Demidov ironworks, which was constructed in 1761–1767. It was granted town status in 1945. The city of Kambarka was one of the residence centers of the Udmurt Jews.Altyntsev A.V., "The Concept of Love in Ashkenazim of Udmurtia and Tatarstan", Nauka Udmurtii. 2013. № 4 (66), p. 131. (Алтынцев А.В. "Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази Удмуртии и Татарстана".Наука Удмуртии. 2013. №4. С. 131: Комментарии.) Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kambarka serves as the administrative center of Kambarsky District.Law #46-RZ As an administrative division, it is incorporated w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udmurtish
Yiddish dialects are variants of the Yiddish language and are divided according to the region in Europe where each developed its distinctiveness. Linguistically, Yiddish is divided in distinct Eastern and Western dialects. While the Western dialects mostly died out in the 19th-century due to Jewish language assimilation into mainstream culture, the Eastern dialects were very vital until most of Eastern European Jewry was wiped out by the Shoah. The Northeastern dialects of Eastern Yiddish were dominant in 20th-century Yiddish culture and academia, but in the 21st-century, since Yiddish is largely dying out everywhere due to language assimilation, the Southern dialects of Yiddish that are preserved by many Hasidic communities, have become the most commonly spoken form of Yiddish. Varieties Yiddish dialects are generally grouped into either Western Yiddish and Eastern Yiddish. Western Yiddish developed from the 9th century in Western-Central Europe, in the region which was called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yiddish
Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages.Aram Yardumian"A Tale of Two Hypotheses: Genetics and the Ethnogenesis of Ashkenazi Jewry".University of Pennsylvania. 2013. Yiddish is primarily written in the Hebrew alphabet. Prior to World War II, its worldwide peak was 11 million, with the number of speakers in the United States and Canada then totaling 150,000. Eighty-five percent of the approximately six million Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust were Yiddish speakers,Solomon Birnbaum, ''Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache'' (4., erg. Aufl., Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
