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Hired Armed Lugger Sandwich
Two vessels named His Majesty's hired armed lugger ''Sandwich'' served the British Royal Navy, one during the French Revolutionary Wars, and the other during the Napoleonic Wars. First ''Sandwich'' This lugger served between 24 December 1798 and 6 November 1801. She was of 170 tons ( bm), and was armed with fourteen 12-pounder carronades. At the time of the signing of the peace treaty with France in October 1801, her commander was Lieutenant W.R. Wallace. Second ''Sandwich'' ''Sandwich'' served under two contracts. The first contract ran between 16 June 1804 and 10 August 1804. The second contract ran between 6 May 1808 and 6 May 1815. She was of 166 tons (bm), and was armed with twelve 12-pounder carronades. Before the first of these contracts, and then between them, a lugger ''Sandwich'' of 165 tons (bm) received three letters of marque. The first letter, dated 7 June 1803, gave the name of her master as John Bateman, Jnr.; it described her as having a crew of 50 men and bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hired Armed Vessels
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the Royal Navy made use of a considerable number of hired armed vessels. These were generally smaller vessels, often cutters and luggers, that the Navy used for duties ranging from carrying and passengers to convoy escort, particularly in British coastal waters, and reconnaissance.Winfield (2008), p.387. Doctrine The Navy Board usually hired the vessel complete with master and crew rather than bareboat. Contracts were for a specified time or on an open-ended monthly hire basis. During periods of peace, such as the period between the Treaty of Amiens and the commencement of the Napoleonic Wars, the Admiralty returned the vessels to their owners, only to rehire many on the outbreak of war. The Admiralty provided a regular naval officer, usually a lieutenant for the small vessels, to be the commander. The civilian master then served as the sailing master. For purposes of prize money or salvage, hired armed vessels received the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ÃŽle De Batz
The Île de Batz ( br, Enez Vaz) is an island off Roscoff in Brittany, France. Administratively, it is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. Climate Île de Batz has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification ''Cfb''). The average annual temperature in Île de Batz is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in February, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Île de Batz was on 18 August 1932; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 14 February 1929 and 18 December 1927. Population Inhabitants of Île-de-Batz are called in French ''Batziens'' or ''Îliens''. At the census of 1999 the island had a population of 575, and in 2005 it had an estimated population of 594. Sights * Jardin Georges Delaselle * Lighthouse See also *Communes of the Finistère department The following is a list of the 277 commu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shilling
The shilling is a historical coin, and the name of a unit of modern currencies formerly used in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, other British Commonwealth countries and Ireland, where they were generally equivalent to 12 pence or one-twentieth of a pound before being phased out during the 20th century. Currently the shilling is used as a currency in five east African countries: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Somalia, as well as the ''de facto'' country of Somaliland. The East African Community additionally plans to introduce an East African shilling. History The word ''shilling'' comes from Old English "Scilling", a monetary term meaning twentieth of a pound, from the Proto-Germanic root skiljaną meaning 'to separate, split, divide', from (s)kelH- meaning 'to cut, split.' The word "Scilling" is mentioned in the earliest recorded Germanic law codes, those of Æthelberht of Kent. There is evidence that it may alternatively be an early borrowing of Phoenician ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
£sd
£sd (occasionally written Lsd, spoken as "pounds, shillings and pence" or pronounced ) is the popular name for the pre-decimal currencies once common throughout Europe, especially in the British Isles and hence in several countries of the British Empire and subsequently the Commonwealth. The abbreviation originates from the Latin currency denominations '' librae'', ''solidi'', and ''denarii''. In the United Kingdom, these were referred to as '' pounds'', ''shillings'', and '' pence'' (''pence'' being the plural of ''penny''). Although the names originated from popular coins in the classical Roman Empire, their definitions and the ratios between them were introduced and imposed across Western Europe by the Emperor Charlemagne. The £sd system was the standard across much of the European continent (France, Italy, Germany, etc.) for nearly a thousand years, until the decimalisations of the 18th and 19th centuries. As the United Kingdom remained one of the few countries reta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval General Service Medal (1847)
__NOTOC__ The Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) was a campaign medal approved in 1847, and issued to officers and men of the Royal Navy in 1849. The final date for submitting claims was 1 May 1851.British Battles and Medals, page 34. Admiral Thomas Bladen Capel was one of the members of the board that authorised the medal. The NGSM was awarded retrospectively for various naval actions during the period 1793–1840, a period that included the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars and the Anglo-American War of 1812. Each battle or campaign covered by the medal was represented by a clasp on the ribbon. The medal was never issued without a clasp, 231 of which were sanctioned.British Battles and Medals, page 33. The clasps covered a variety of actions, from boat service, ship to ship skirmishes, to major fleet actions such as the Battle of Trafalgar. This medal and its army counterpart, the Military General Service Medal, were amongst the first real British campaign medals, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hired Armed Cutter Queen Charlotte
His Majesty's hired armed cutter ''Queen Charlotte'' served the Royal Navy on two contracts, the first from 10 June 1803 to 13 February 1805, and the second from 17 September 1807 to 17 May 1814.Winfield (2008), p.391. She was of 75 tons (bm) and carried eight 4-pounder guns. There was also a cutter ''Queen Charlotte'' that was present at the taking of Saint Lucia in May 1796 by British forces under Sir Hugh Christian and Sir Ralph Abercrombie. First contract On her first contract ''Queen Charlotte'' may initially have been under the command of Lieutenant John Drew, on the Newfoundland Station. On 17 July 1803 , and ''Queen Charlotte'' captured ''Caroline''. Then on 28 July, the same three vessels recaptured from the French the brig ''Mercure'', which apparently was British-built and once called ''Mercury''. In November ''Queen Charlotte'' was under the command of Lieutenant John G.M.B. McKillop. In late 1804, Vice-Admiral Erasmus Gower, then Governor of Newfoundland and La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cutter (ship)
A cutter is a type of watercraft. The term has several meanings. It can apply to the rig (or sailplan A sail plan is a description of the specific ways that a sailing craft is rigged. Also, the term "sail plan" is a graphic depiction of the arrangement of the sails for a given sailing craft.> In the English language, ships were usually describe ...) of a sailing vessel (but with regional differences in definition), to a governmental enforcement agency vessel (such as a coast guard or border force cutter), to a type of ship's boat which can be used under sail or oars, or, historically, to a type of fast-sailing vessel introduced in the 18th century, some of which were used as small warships. As a sailing rig, a cutter is a single-masted boat, with two or more headsails. On the eastern side of the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, the two headsails on a single mast is the fullest extent of the modern definition. In U.S. waters, a greater level of complexity applies, with the placemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lloyd's List
''Lloyd's List'' is one of the world's oldest continuously running journals, having provided weekly shipping news in London as early as 1734. It was published daily until 2013 (when the final print issue, number 60,850, was published), and is in constantly updated digital format only since then. Also known simply as ''The List'', it was begun by Edward Lloyd, the proprietor of Lloyd's Coffee House, as a reliable and concise source of information for the merchants' agents and insurance underwriters who met regularly in his establishment in Lombard Street, London, Lombard Street to negotiate insurance coverage for trading vessels. The digital version, updated hour-to-hour and used internationally, continues to fulfil a similar purpose. Today it covers information, analysis and knowledge relevant to the shipping industry, including marine insurance, offshore energy, logistics, market data, research, global trade and law, in addition to shipping news. History Predecessor publicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine-Joseph Preira
Antoine-Joseph Preira (born 1782, Portugal), also known under the nom de guerre of Balidar, was of Portuguese origin but operated in the English Channel as a privateer under the French flag during the Napoleonic Wars. Career At eight, Preira started a nautical career as an apprentice.''Histoires extraordinaires de l'île de Batz'' Guy Boucher Preira enrolled on a privateer near a region that harboured a number of Portugues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roscoff
Roscoff (; br, Rosko) is a commune in the Finistère département of Brittany in northwestern France. Roscoff is renowned for its picturesque architecture, labelled (small town of character) since 2009. Roscoff is also a traditional departure point for Onion Johnnies. After lobbying by local economic leaders headed by Alexis Gourvennec, the French government agreed in 1968 to provide a deep-water port at Roscoff. Existing ferry operators were reluctant to take on the relatively long Plymouth–Roscoff crossing so Gourvennec and colleagues founded Brittany Ferries. Since the early 1970s Roscoff has been developed as a ferry port for the transport of Breton agricultural produce and for motor tourism. Brittany Ferries link Roscoff with both Ireland and the United Kingdom. Owing to the richness of iodine in the surrounding waters and the mild climate maintained by a sea current that varies only between , Roscoff is also a centre of post-cure, which gave rise to the concept of tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lugger
A lugger is a sailing vessel defined by its rig, using the lug sail on all of its one or several masts. They were widely used as working craft, particularly off the coasts of France, England, Ireland and Scotland. Luggers varied extensively in size and design. Many were undecked, open boats, some of which operated from beach landings (such as Hastings or Deal). Others were fully decked craft (typified by the Zulu and many other sailing drifters). Some larger examples might carry lug topsails. Luggers were used extensively for smuggling from the middle of the 18th century onwards; their fast hulls and powerful rigs regularly allowed them to outpace any Revenue vessel in service. The French three-masted luggers also served as privateers and in general trade. As smuggling declined about 1840, the mainmast of British three-masted luggers tended to be discarded, with larger sails being set on the fore and mizzen. This gave more clear space in which to work fishing nets. Local ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin White (Royal Navy Officer)
Admiral Martin White was an officer of the Royal Navy. He worked his way up the ranks during a 53-year career; retiring as Captain and made up to Admiral in retirement and settling in Jersey. He was particularly known for gathering and publishing nautical data and mappings of the Channel Islands, English Channel, French Coast, Bristol Channel and Irish Sea and even gained a mention in the French Maritime Atlas of the 1800s. Most maritime charts from around Jersey and the Channel Islands are believed to be derivations of his work. Life Martin White was born in 1779 (one document says 1781) on Hayling Island, Hampshire, England to his parents Martin and Elizabeth White. His father was a wine-merchant of Postsea, Portsmouth. Early naval service White joined the navy in 1793 at Portsmouth aged about 15 years. In 1794 White he assigned as a midshipman on the 74 gun third-rate under Richard Rodney Bligh. and ''Alexander'' were returning from escort duty when they encountered a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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