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Highways Act 1555
The Highways Act 1555 (2 & 3 Ph. & Mary, c. 8), sometimes the First Statute of Highways, was an Act of the Parliament of England, which placed the burden of upkeep of the highways on individual parishes and that was passed in 1555. The Act was amended, and extended, by the Highways Act 1562. The Act The Act provided that each year, in the Easter week, every parish was to elect "two honest persons" of the parish to serve as the Surveyor of Highways, who would be responsible for the upkeep of those highways within the parish boundaries which ran to market towns. The Surveyors would announce, on the first Sunday after Easter and four days before 24 June, on which the maintenance work was to be carried out, and for these four days the whole parish was to work on the highways. Every person, for every ploughland they held in the parish, and every other person keeping a draught team or plough there, was to provide a cart or wain equipped for the work, and two able-bodied men, on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Highways Act 1562
The Highways Act 1562 (5 Eliz. I c. 13), sometimes the Second Statute of Highways, was an Act of the Parliament of England, that was passed in 1563, which extended the provisions of the Highways Act 1555. Background The Highways Act 1555 was an Act, passed in 1555 during the reign of Queen Mary I, which mandated that every householder of a parish had to provide four days labour in a year on the highways. The Act The Act amended the original Act by extending the provisions for a further twenty years, and made the requirement six days labour rather than four. Supervisors of highway work were empowered to take debris from quarries and dig for gravel without permission of the landowners. The Act also empowered Justices of the Peace at Quarter Sessions to investigate and punish supervisors in cases where they were in dereliction of their duties, imposing fines as thought to be necessary. Repeal It was repealed by section 57 of the Highways Act 1766 Highway Act (with its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cart
A cart or dray (Australia and New Zealand) is a vehicle designed for transport, using two wheels and normally pulled by one or a pair of draught animals. A handcart is pulled or pushed by one or more people. It is different from the flatbed trolley also known as a dray, (for freight) or wagon, which is a heavy transport vehicle with four wheels and typically two or more humans. Over time, the term "cart" has come to mean nearly any small conveyance, including shopping carts, golf carts, gokarts, and UTVs, without regard to number of wheels, load carried, or means of propulsion. The draught animals used for carts may be horses, donkeys or mules, oxen, and even smaller animals such as goats or large dogs. History Carts have been mentioned in literature as far back as the second millennium B.C. Handcarts pushed by humans have been used around the world. In the 19th century, for instance, some Mormons traveling across the plains of the United States between 1856 and 1860 use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport Policy In The United Kingdom
Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport enables human trade, which is essential for the development of civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of both fixed installations, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Means of transport are any of the different kinds of transport facilities used to carry people or cargo. They may include vehicles, riding animals, and pack animals. Vehicles may incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roads In England
The United Kingdom has a network of roads, of varied quality and capacity, totalling about . Road distances are shown in miles or yards and UK speed limits are indicated in miles per hour (mph) or by the use of the national speed limit (NSL) symbol. Some vehicle categories have various lower maximum limits enforced by speed limiters. A unified numbering system is in place for Great Britain, whilst in Northern Ireland, there is no available explanation for the allocation of road numbers. The earliest specifically engineered roads were built during the British Iron Age. The road network was expanded during the Roman occupation. Some of these roads still remain to this day. New roads were added in the Middle Ages and from the 17th century onwards. Whilst control has been transferred between local and central bodies, current management and development of the road network is shared between local authorities, the devolved administrations of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acts Of The Parliament Of England (1485–1603)
This is a list of Acts of the Parliament of England, which was in existence from the 13th century until 1707. * List of Acts of the Parliament of England to 1483 * List of Acts of the Parliament of England, 1485–1601 * List of Acts of the Parliament of England, 1603–1641 * List of Acts of the Parliament of England, 1660–1699 * List of Acts of the Parliament of England, 1700–1706 See also For Acts passed during the period 1707–1800 see List of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the List of Acts of the Parliament of Scotland and the List of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For Acts passed from 1801 onwards see List of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. For Acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the List of Acts of the Scottish Parliament from 1999, the List of Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the List of Acts and Measures of the National Assembly for Wales; see also the List of Acts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1555 In England
Events from the 1550s in England. This decade marks the beginning of the Elizabethan era. Incumbents * Monarch – Edward VI (until 6 July 1553), Jane (disputed, 6 July to 19 July 1553), Mary I (starting 19 July 1553, until 17 November 1558) and Philip (starting 25 July 1554, until 17 November 1558), then Elizabeth I * Regent – John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (starting 2 February 1550, until 19 July 1553) * Parliament – 1st of King Edward VI (until 15 April 1552), 2nd of King Edward VI (starting 1 March, until 31 March 1553), 1st of Queen Mary I (starting 5 October, until 5 December 1553), 2nd of Queen Mary I (starting 2 April, until 3 May 1554), 3rd of Queen Mary I (starting 12 November 1554, until 16 January 1555), 4th of Queen Mary I (starting 21 October, until 9 December 1555), 5th of Queen Mary I (starting 20 January, until 17 November 1558), 1st of Queen Elizabeth I (starting 23 January, until 8 May 1559) Events * 1550 ** January – Parliament passes an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1555 In Law
Year 1555 ( MDLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 22 – The Kingdom of Ava in Upper Burma falls. * February 2 – The Diet of Augsburg begins. * February 4 – John Rogers suffers death by burning at the stake at Smithfield, London, the first of the Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation under Mary I of England. * February 8 – Laurence Saunders becomes the second of the Marian Protestant martyrs in England, being led barefoot to his death by burning at the stake in Coventry. * February 9 – Rowland Taylor, Rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk, and John Hooper, deposed Bishop of Gloucester, are burned at the stake in England. * April 10 – Pope Marcellus II succeeds Julius III as the 222nd pope. He will reign for 22 days. * April 17 – After 18 months of siege, the Republic of Siena surrenders to the Florentine– Imperial army. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. Most are nonprofit organizations and an integral component of a large research university. They publish work that has been reviewed by schola ... in the world. It is also the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press is a department of the University of Cambridge and is both an academic and educational publisher. It became part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, following a merger with Cambridge Assessment in 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 Country, countries, it publishes over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publishing includes more than 380 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labourer
A laborer (or labourer) is a person who works in manual labor types in the construction industry workforce. Laborers are in a working class of wage-earners in which their only possession of significant material value is their labor. Industries employing laborers include building things such as roads, buildings, bridges, tunnels, and railway tracks. Laborers work with blasting tools, hand tools, power tools, air tools, and small heavy equipment, and act as assistants to other trades as well such as operators or cement masons. The 1st century BC engineer Vitruvius writes that a good crew of laborers is just as valuable as any other aspect of construction. Other than the addition of pneumatics, laborer practices have changed little. With the introduction of field technologies, the laborers have been quick to adapt to the use of this technology as being laborers' work. Tools and equipment The following tools are considered a minimum for a laborer to keep with them: hammer, plie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wain
A wagon or waggon is a heavy four-wheeled vehicle pulled by draught animals or on occasion by humans, used for transporting goods, commodities, agricultural materials, supplies and sometimes people. Wagons are immediately distinguished from carts (which have two wheels) and from lighter four-wheeled vehicles primarily for carrying people, such as carriages. Animals such as horses, mules, or oxen usually pull wagons. One animal or several, often in pairs or teams may pull wagons. However, there are examples of human-propelled wagons, such as mining corfs. A wagon was formerly called a wain and one who builds or repairs wagons is a wainwright. More specifically, a wain is a type of horse- or oxen-drawn, load-carrying vehicle, used for agricultural purposes rather than transporting people. A wagon or cart, usually four-wheeled; for example, a haywain, normally has four wheels, but the term has now acquired slightly poetical connotations, so is not always used with technical c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plough
A plough or plow ( US; both ) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses, but in modern farms are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden, iron or steel frame, with a blade attached to cut and loosen the soil. It has been fundamental to farming for most of history. The earliest ploughs had no wheels; such a plough was known to the Romans as an ''aratrum''. Celtic peoples first came to use wheeled ploughs in the Roman era. The prime purpose of ploughing is to turn over the uppermost soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface while burying weeds and crop remains to decay. Trenches cut by the plough are called furrows. In modern use, a ploughed field is normally left to dry and then harrowed before planting. Ploughing and cultivating soil evens the content of the upper layer of soil, where most plant-feeder roots grow. Ploughs were initially powered by humans, but the use of farm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Highways Act 1766
Highway Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used in India, the United Kingdom and the United States for legislation relating to highways. India *The National Highways Act, 1956 United Kingdom *The Highways Act 1555 *The Highways Act 1562 *The Highways Act 1662 *The Locomotives and Highways Act *The Highway (Railway Crossings) Act 1839 (2 & 3 Vict c 45) *The Special Roads Act 1949 *The Highways Act 1959 (7 & 8 Eliz 2 c 25) *The Highways (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz 2 c 63) *The Highways (Amendment) Act 1965 (c 30) *The Highways Act 1971 (c 41) *The Highways Act 1980 (c 66) *The Highways (Amendment) Act 1986 *The Highways (Obstruction by Body Corporate) Act 2004 (c 29) The Highway Acts 1835 to 1885 was the collective title of the following Acts:The Short Titles Act 1896, section 2(1) and Schedule 2 *The Highway Act 1835 (5 & 6 Will 4 c 50) *The Highway Act 1862 (25 & 26 Vict c 61) *The Highway Act 1863 (26 & 27 Vict c 61) *The Highway Act 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
