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High To Medium Air Defense
HIgh to Medium Air Defense (HIMAD) is a group of anti-aircraft weapons and tactics that have to do with defense against high to medium altitude air threats, primarily aircraft and missiles. HIMAD and its complements, SHORAD (Short Range Air Defense) and THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) divide air defense of the battlespace into domes of responsibility based on altitude and defensive weapon ranges. United States The United States Army HIMAD systems include: * MIM-104 Patriot * MIM-23 Hawk Russia Russian HIMAD systems include: * S-300 * S-400 * S-500 China * HQ-9 * HQ-22 South Korea * L-SAM India * Barak-8 (co-developed with Israel) * XRSAM Iran * Bavar-373 Israel * Barak-8 (co-developed with India) Related Military Occupational Specialties The following Military Occupational Specialties (MOS's) are related to HIMAD: * See also * SHORAD - Short Range Air Defence * THAAD Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), formerly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-aircraft
Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, subsurface ( submarine launched), and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements, and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries, the main effort has tended to be homeland defence. NATO refers to airborne air defence as counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare. Missile defence is an extension of air defence, as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight. In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union, and modern NATO and the United States, ground-based air defence and air defence aircraft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-400 Missile System
The S-400 Triumf (russian: link=no, C-400 Триумф – Triumf; translation: Triumph; NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler), previously known as the S-300 PMU-3, is a mobile, surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed in the 1990s by Russia's NPO Almaz as an upgrade to the S-300 (missile), S-300 family. The S-400 went into service on 28 April 2007. The first battalion of the newest surface-to-air missile systems assumed combat duty on 6 August. Development The development of the S-400 system began in the late 1980s and was announced by the Russian Air Force in January 1993. On 12 February 1999 successful tests were reported at Kapustin Yar in Astrakhan, and the S-400 was scheduled for deployment by the Russian army in 2001. Dr. Alexander Lemanskiy of Almaz-Antey was the Chief Engineer on the S-400 project. In 2003, it became apparent that the system was not ready for deployment. In August, two high-ranking military officials expressed concern that the S-400 was being t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavar-373
Bavar-373 ( fa, باور-۳۷۳, meaning ''Belief'' and ''373'' being Abjad for ''یا رسولالله'' or ''O, Messenger of Allah!'') is an Iranian long-range road-mobile surface-to-air missile system unveiled in August 2016. Iran describes it as a competitor with the S-300 missile system. It is manufactured by the Iranian Defence Ministry in cooperation with unspecified local manufacturers and universities. The system was formally unveiled during a ceremony attended by the Iranian President Hassan Rouhani on 22 August 2019, and was declared operational the same day. An upgraded version was unveiled in 2022. Iran described it as a competitor with the S-400 and said it is capable of shooting down Fifth-generation fighter aircraft. History After the Russian ban on exporting S-300 to Iran (which was lifted in 2015), Iran decided to develop a similar system domestically: "We have planned to build a long-range air defence missile system similar to S-300. By God's grace and by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XRSAM
XR-SAM (eXtra-long Range Surface to Air Missile) is an Indian long-range mobile surface to air missile defence system under development by Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). It will supplement the Indo-Israeli Barak 8 and Russian S-400 missile system in the Indian armed forces. Design The missile system might used to bridge the gap between MR-SAM (70 km) and S-400 (250 km). The missile system will have a range of 250 km against fighter jets, 350 km against cruise missiles, sea skimming anti-ship missiles, AWACS and mid air refuelers and will be capable of bringing down ballistic missiles and stealth fighters in the terminal stage. The naval version of the missile might be also developed to supplement the LR-SAM missile in the Indian Navy. Operators ; * Indian Army — Planned * Indian Navy — Planned * Indian Air Force — Planned See also * Akash-NG * Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor / AAD * HQ-9 * David's Sling * MIM-104 Patriot * RIM-17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barak-8
Barak 8 ( he, בָּרָק, lit. "Lightning"), also known as LR-SAM or as MR-SAM, is an Indo-Israeli jointly developed surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, designed to defend against any type of airborne threat including aircraft, helicopters, anti-ship missiles, and UAVs as well as ballistic missiles,Next-Gen: Barak-8 , defenseindustrydaily.com, Accessed 25 November 2014 cruise missiles and combat jets. Both maritime and land-based variants of the system exist. Barak 8 was jointly developed by India's (DRDO) and |
L-SAM
L-SAM is a South Korean missile defense system under development. It aims to shoot down ballistic missiles from North Korea in their terminal phase. It will use a trailer-mounted S band AESA radar. It will be an upper-tier interceptor for a layered defense, as part of the ''Korean Air and Missile Defense'' (KAMD) project, slated to be ready in the early 2020s, with the lower tier composed of Patriot PAC-3 and KM-SAM batteries. Performance levels were to be twice as superior to the Patriot and KM-SAM missiles, and it is designed based on a hot launch type VLS (Vertical Launching System) that is different from KM-SAM, which was developed based on a cold launch type VLS in Russia. The L-SAM system is expected to use two types of interceptors: one for aircraft and the other for ballistic missiles. The missile interceptor will be capable of intercepting missiles at altitudes between 40-100 km. An L-SAM battery will consist of a multifunction radar, a command-and-control (C2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HQ-22
The HQ-22 () is a medium- to long-range semi-active radar homing/ radio-command guidance air defence system developed and manufactured in China. Development The HQ-22 air defence system was developed as the second generation of the HQ-12 missile. The HQ-22 is manufactured by Jiangnan Space Industry, also known as Base 061, which is a part of the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC). In 2014, a downgraded form of the missile known as the FK-3 was revealed, targeting export customers. At the 2016 Airshow China, the HQ-22 was first publicly revealed as an improved version of the FK-3. In 2017, the HQ-22 entered service in the People's Liberation Army and has rapidly become one of the main missiles used for air defence. Design A typical HQ-22 battery includes one radar vehicle and three transporter erector launchers equipped with four missiles each. Each battery can reportedly engage six aerial targets simultaneously. The missile system has been widely com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HQ-9
The HQ-9 () is a long-range semi-active radar homing (SARH) surface-to-air missile (SAM) developed by the People's Republic of China. The naval variant is the HHQ-9 (). Description The HQ-9 is a derivative of the Russian S-300. Justin Bronk describes the missile as a "hybrid design based on a Russian SA-20 but with radar, seeker head and C2 elements heavily influenced by American and Israeli technology." Early HQ-9s may use track-via-missile guidance developed from a United States MIM-104 Patriot missile purchased from Israel or Germany. According to a 2001 article from ''Defence International'', the HQ-9 is 6.8 m. long with a mass of nearly two tons. The diameters of the first and second stages are 700 mm and 560 mm, respectively. The warhead mass is 180 kg, and the maximum speed is Mach 4.2. The HQ-9 may use fire-control radars from other Chinese SAM systems. Variants ; Air defense * * — Naval surface-launched variant. * — Improved version, first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-500 Missile System
The S-500 Prometey (russian: C-500 Прометей, lit=Prometheus), also known as 55R6M "Triumfator-M", is a Russian hypersonic surface-to-air missile/anti-ballistic missile system replacing the A-135 missile system currently in use, and supplementing the S-400. The S-500 was developed by the Almaz-Antey Air Defence Concern. Initially planned to be in production by 2014, the first unit entered service in 2021 with the 15th Air Army. History Although sharing a similar designation with the S-500U project of the late 1960s, the relationship between the two remains unclear. The S-500U multichannel anti-aircraft system was a 1968 initiative by the Soviet Air Defence Forces, Soviet Navy, Ministry of the Radio Industry (Ministerstvo Radio Promyshlennosti SSSR), and Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry to create a unified complex for the National Air Defence Troops, navy and ground troops. Missiles of the S-500U complex were supposed to engage enemy aircraft at a range up to . Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-300 (missile)
The S-300 (NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long range surface-to-air missile systems developed and operated by the former Soviet Union, now fielded by the militaries of Russia and Ukraine as well as several other former Eastern Bloc countries. It was produced by NPO Almaz, based on the initial S-300P version. The S-300 system was developed to defend against air raids and cruise missiles for the Soviet Air Defence Forces. Subsequent variations were also developed to be able to intercept ballistic missiles. The S-300 system was first deployed by the Soviet Union in 1979, designed for the air defence of large industrial and administrative facilities, military bases and control of airspace against enemy strike aircraft. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, military analysts have stated that Russia has modified a number of systems to perform surface-to-surface strikes. The system is fully automated, though manual observation and operation are also possi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weapons
A weapon, arm or armament is any implement or device that can be used to deter, threaten, inflict physical damage, harm, or kill. Weapons are used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of activities such as hunting, crime, law enforcement, self-defense, warfare, or suicide. In broader context, weapons may be construed to include anything used to gain a tactical, strategic, material or mental advantage over an adversary or enemy target. While ordinary objects – sticks, rocks, bottles, chairs, vehicles – can be used as weapons, many objects are expressly designed for the purpose; these range from simple implements such as clubs, axes and swords, to complicated modern firearms, tanks, intercontinental ballistic missiles, biological weapons, and cyberweapons. Something that has been re-purposed, converted, or enhanced to become a weapon of war is termed weaponized, such as a weaponized virus or weaponized laser. History The use of weapons is a major driver of cultural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIM-23 Hawk
The Raytheon MIM-23 HAWK ("Homing all the way killer") is an American medium-range surface-to-air missile. It was designed to be a much more mobile counterpart to the MIM-14 Nike Hercules, trading off range and altitude capability for a much smaller size and weight. Its low-level performance was greatly improved over Nike through the adoption of new radars and a continuous wave semi-active radar homing guidance system. It entered service with the US Army in 1959. In 1971 it underwent a major improvement program as the Improved Hawk, or I-Hawk, which made several improvements to the missile and replaced all of the radar systems with new models. Improvements continued throughout the next twenty years, adding improved ECCM, a potential home-on-jam feature, and in 1995, a new warhead that made it capable against short-range tactical missiles. ''Jane's'' reported that the original system's single shot kill probability was 0.56; I-Hawk improved this to 0.85. Hawk was superseded b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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