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Heptagraph
A heptagraph is a sequence of seven letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters. Heptagraphs are extremely rare. Morse code uses 2 heptagraph: , for the dollar sign; and , for the letter Ś. Most other fixed sequences of seven letters are composed of shorter multigraphs with a predictable result. The seven-letter German sequence , used to transliterate the Russian and Ukrainian letter , as in for Russian/Ukrainian (R. pronunciation , Ukr. pronunciation ) "borscht", is a sequence of a trigraph and a tetragraph . Likewise, the Juu languages have been claimed to have a heptagraph , but this is also a sequence, of and . See also *Multigraph (orthography) *Digraph (orthography) *Pentagraph *Hexagraph A hexagraph (from the el, ἕξ, ''héx'', "six" and γράφω, ''gráphō'', "write") is a sequence of six letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multigraph (orthography)
A multigraph (or pleongraph) is a sequence of letters that behaves as a unit and is not the sum of its parts, such as English or French . The term is infrequently used, as the number of letters is usually specified: * Digraph (two letters, as or ) * Trigraph (three letters, as or ) * Tetragraph (four letters, as German ) * Pentagraph (five letters) * Hexagraph (six letters) * Heptagraph (seven letters) Combinations longer than tetragraphs are unusual. The German pentagraph has largely been replaced by , remaining only in proper names such as or . Except for doubled trigraphs like German , hexagraphs are found only in Irish vowels, where the outside letters indicate whether the neighboring consonant is "broad" or " slender". However, these sequences are not predictable. The hexagraph , for example, where the and mark the consonants as broad, represents the same sound (approximately the vowel in English ''write'') as the trigraph , and with the same effect on neighboring con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetragraph
A tetragraph (from the el, τετρα-, ''tetra-'', "four" and γράφω, ''gráphō'', "write") is a sequence of four letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not necessarily correspond to the individual values of the letters. In German, for example, the tetragraph ''tsch'' represents the sound of the English digraph ''ch''. English does not have tetragraphs in native words (the closest is perhaps the sequence '' -ough'' in words like ''through''), but ''chth'' is a true tetragraph when found initially in words of Greek origin such as ''chthonian.'' Phonemes spelled with multiple characters often indicate that either the phoneme or the script is alien to the language. For example, the Cyrillic alphabets adapted to the Caucasian languages, which are phonologically very different from Russian, make extensive use of digraphs, trigraphs, and even a tetragraph in Kabardian ''кхъу'' for . The Romanized Popular Alphabet created for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentagraph
A pentagraph (from the el, πέντε, ''pénte'', "five" and γράφω, ''gráphō'', "write") is a sequence of five letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters. In German, for example, the pentagraph ''tzsch'' represents the sound of the English digraph ''ch,'' and indeed is found in the English word '' Nietzschean''. Irish has several pentagraphs. Latin-script pentagraphs For Latin-script pentagraphs see List of Latin-script pentagraphs. Cyrillic-script pentagraphs In Cyrillic used for languages of the Caucasus, there are a couple five-letter sequences used for 'strong' (typically transcribed in the IPA as geminate, and doubled in Cyrillic) labialized consonants. Since both features are predictable from the orthography, their pentagraph status is dubious. The pentagraph is used in Archi for : a labialized , which is the ' strong' counterpart of the pharyngealized voiceles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexagraph
A hexagraph (from the el, ἕξ, ''héx'', "six" and γράφω, ''gráphō'', "write") is a sequence of six letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters. They occur in Irish orthography, and many of them can be analysed as a tetragraph followed by the vowels or on either side to indicate that the neighbouring consonants are palatalized ("slender"). However, not all Irish hexagraphs are analysable that way. The hexagraph , for example, represents the same sound (approximately the vowel in English "write") as the trigraph '' adh,'' and with the same effect on neighboring consonants. English does not have hexagraphs. The six-letter sequence appears in German, for example in the name Eschscholtz (and thus is the scientific name '' Eschscholtzia'' of the California poppy), but this is a doubling of the trigraph to indicate that the preceding vowel is short rather than itself being a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morse Code
Morse code is a method used in telecommunication to encode text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called ''dots'' and ''dashes'', or ''dits'' and ''dahs''. Morse code is named after Samuel Morse, one of the inventors of the telegraph. International Morse code encodes the 26 basic Latin letters through , one accented Latin letter (), the Arabic numerals, and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals ( prosigns). There is no distinction between upper and lower case letters. Each Morse code symbol is formed by a sequence of ''dits'' and ''dahs''. The ''dit'' duration is the basic unit of time measurement in Morse code transmission. The duration of a ''dah'' is three times the duration of a ''dit''. Each ''dit'' or ''dah'' within an encoded character is followed by a period of signal absence, called a ''space'', equal to the ''dit'' duration. The letters of a word are separated by a space of duration equal to three ''dits'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dollar Sign
The dollar sign, also known as peso sign, is a symbol consisting of a capital " S" crossed with one or two vertical strokes ($ or ), used to indicate the unit of various currencies around the world, including most currencies denominated "peso" and "dollar". The explicitly double-barred sign is called cifrão. The sign is also used in several compound currency symbols, such as the Brazilian real (R$) and the Nicaraguan córdoba (C$). The one- and two-stroke version are often considered mere stylistic (typeface) variants, although in some places and epochs one of them may have been specifically assigned, by law or custom, to a specific currency. The Unicode computer encoding standard defines a single code for both. In most English-speaking countries that use that symbol, it is placed to the left of the amount specified, e.g. "$1", read as "one dollar". History Use for the Spanish American peso in the late 1700s The symbol appears in business correspondence in the 1770s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borscht
Borscht () is a sour soup common in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. In English, the word "borscht" is most often associated with the soup's variant of Ukraine, Ukrainian origin, made with red beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which give the dish its distinctive red color. The same name, however, is also used for a wide selection of sour-tasting soups without beetroots, such as sorrel-based Sorrel soup, green borscht, rye-based Sour rye soup, white borscht, and cabbage borscht. Borscht derives from an ancient soup originally cooked from pickled stems, leaves and umbels of Heracleum sphondylium, common hogweed (''Heracleum sphondylium''), a herbaceous plant growing in damp meadows, which lent the dish its Slavic languages, Slavic name. With time, it evolved into a diverse array of tart soups, among which the Ukrainian beet-based red borscht has become the most popular. It is typically made by combining meat or bone Stock (food), stock with Sautéing, sautéed veget ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trigraph (orthography)
A trigraph (from the el, τρεῖς, ''treîs'', "three" and γράφω, ''gráphō'', "write") is a group of three characters used to represent a single sound or a combination of sounds that does not correspond to the written letters combined. Latin-script trigraphs For example, in the word ''schilling'', the trigraph ''sch'' represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative , rather than the consonant cluster . In the word ''beautiful,'' the sequence ''eau'' is pronounced , and in the French word ''château'' it is pronounced . It is sometimes difficult to determine whether a sequence of letters in English is a trigraph, because of the complicating role of silent letters. There are however a few productive trigraphs in English such as ''tch'' as in ''watch,'' and ''igh'' as in ''high.'' The trigraph ''sch'' in German is equivalent to the English ''sh'' and pronounced . In Dutch, which is closely related to German, this same trigraph is pronounced . In Italian, however, ''sch'' r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digraph (orthography)
A digraph or digram (from the grc, δίς , "double" and , "to write") is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined. Some digraphs represent phonemes that cannot be represented with a single character in the writing system of a language, like the English '' sh'' in ''ship'' and ''fish''. Other digraphs represent phonemes that can also be represented by single characters. A digraph that shares its pronunciation with a single character may be a relic from an earlier period of the language when the digraph had a different pronunciation, or may represent a distinction that is made only in certain dialects, like the English '' wh''. Some such digraphs are used for purely etymological reasons, like '' rh'' in English. Digraphs are used in some Romanization schemes, like the '' zh'' often used to represent the Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
