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Heppia
''Heppia'' is a genus of olive, brownish, gray, or blackish squamulose, crustose, or peltate like lichens.Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1, Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001/ref> ''Heppia'' was once the type genus of the family Heppiaceae, but that family was folded into synonymy with Lichinaceae. The genus name of ''Heppiella'' is in honour of Johann Adam Philipp Hepp (1797–1867), a German physician and lichenologist. The genus was circumscribed by Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli and Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in Geneac. Lich. (Verona) 7-8 in 1854. Description ''Heppia'' species grow on rock or soil in arid sites around the world, in habitats similar to those favored by '' Peltula'', which is similar but has a different cyanobacterium as the photobiont. It lacks a medulla that is separate from the photobiont layer. It is a cyanolichen with the photobiont cyanobacterium being '' Syctonema'' (or ''Syctonema''-like). The lower surfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichinaceae
The Lichinaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi. Most species are lichenized with cyanobacteria, and have a distribution largely in temperate regions. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed in 1854 by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander. His description of the family mentioned the obscure brown thallus resembling algae, with an overall morphology described as either filamentous or tufted (fruticose). The fruiting structures, the apothecia, are described as either endocarpous or biatorine. He included two tribes in the Lichinaceae: ''Ephebeae'', which contained the genera ''Ephebe'' and ''Gonionema'', and ''Lichineae'', which contained '' Lichina'', the type genus. In 1986, Aino Henssen and Burkhard Büdel proposed the order Lichinales to contain the Lichinaceae. In the 1980s and 1990s, several taxonomic and nomenclatural studies were the basis for the revision of many of the species in the family. Heppiaceae was a family proposed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1906 to co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Adam Philipp Hepp
Johann Adam Philipp Hepp (26 October 1797, in Kaiserslautern – 5 February 1867, in Frankfurt am Main) was a German physician and lichenologist. He studied medicine at the University of Würzburg, and from 1826 worked as a doctor in Neustadt an der Haardt. Because of his activities during the German revolutionary period of 1848–49, he was forced to move to Switzerland, where he lived in exile for the rest of his life. In Switzerland he devoted his time to lichenological research, and in 1857 published a work on European lichens titled ''Die Flechten Europas in getrockneten mikroskopisch untersuchten Exemplaren mit Beschreibung und Abbildung ihrer Sporen''. He died on 5 February 1867 while visiting his daughter in Frankfurt. Honours The mycological family Heppiaceae commemorates his name, as does the lichen genus ''Heppia'' (Nägeli ex A.Massal, 1854), the botanical genus '' Heppiella'' (Regel, 1853; family Gesneriaceae), the fungal genus '' Neoheppia'' ( Zahlbr., 1909), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peltula
''Peltula'' is a genus of small dark brown to olive or dark gray squamulose lichens that can be saxicolous (grow on rock)) or terricolous (grow on soil). Members of the genus are commonly called rock-olive lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, They are cyanolichens, with the cyanobacterium photobiont from the genus '' Anacystis''. They are umbilicate with flat to erect squamule lobes that attach from a central holdfast or cluster of rhizenes. Lichen spot tests are usually negative. The thallus of members of the genus are similar to members of ''Heppia'', ''Psora'', and '' Placidium'', although the first genus has cyanobacteria from the genus ''Scytonema'', and the latter two genera have green algae The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have emerged deep in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Nägeli
Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli (26 or 27 March 1817 – 10 May 1891) was a Swiss people, Swiss botany, botanist. He studied cell division and pollination but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics. He rejected natural selection as a mechanism of evolution, favouring orthogenesis driven by a supposed "inner perfecting principle". Birth and education Nägeli was born in Kilchberg, Zürich, Kilchberg near Zürich, where he studied medicine at the University of Zürich. From 1839, he studied botany under A. P. de Candolle at University of Geneva, Geneva, and graduated with a botanical thesis at Zürich in 1840. His attention having been directed by Matthias Jakob Schleiden, then professor of botany at Jena, to the Microscopy, microscopical study of plants, he engaged more particularly in that branch of research. He also coined the term "meristematic tissue" in 1858. Academic career Soon after graduation he became Privatdozent and subsequently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomata
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives. A substrate can include biotic or abiotic materials and animals. For example, encrusting algae that lives on a rock (its substrate) can be itself a substrate for an animal that lives on top of the algae. Inert substrates are used as growing support materials in the hydroponic cultivation of plants. In biology substrates are often activated by the nanoscopic process of substrate presentation. In agriculture and horticulture * Cellulose substrate * Expanded clay aggregate (LECA) * Rock wool * Potting soil * Soil In animal biotechnology Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture are the same as described for plant cell, tissue and organ culture (In Vitro Culture Techniques: The Biotechnological Principles). Desirable requirements are (i) air conditioning of a room, (ii) hot room with temperature recorder, (iii) microscope r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizoid
Rhizoids are protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes and algae. They are similar in structure and function to the root hairs of vascular land plants. Similar structures are formed by some fungi. Rhizoids may be unicellular or multicellular. Evolutionary development Plants originated in aquatic environments and gradually migrated to land during their long course of evolution. In water or near it, plants could absorb water from their surroundings, with no need for any special absorbing organ or tissue. Additionally, in the primitive states of plant development, tissue differentiation and division of labor was minimal, thus specialized water absorbing tissue was not required. The development of specialized tissues to absorb water efficiently and anchor themselves to the ground enabled the spread of plants to the land. Description Rhizoids absorb water mainly by capillary action, in which water moves up between threads of rhizoids and not through ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanolichen
Cyanolichens are lichens that apart from the basic fungal component ("mycobiont"), contain cyanobacteria, otherwise known as blue-green algae, as the photosynthesizing component ("photobiont"). Overall, about a third of lichen photobionts are cyanobacteria and the other two thirds are green algae. Some lichens contain both green algae and cyanobacteria apart from the fungal component, in which case they are called "tripartite". Normally the photobiont occupies an extensive layer covering much of the thallus, but in tripartite lichens, the cyanobacterium component may be enclosed in pustule-like outgrowths of the main thallus called cephalodia, which can take many forms. Apart from gaining energy through photosynthesis, the cyanobacteria which live in cephalodia may perform nitrogen fixation on behalf of the lichen community. These cyanobacteria are generally more rich in nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocyst Heterocysts or heterocytes are specialized nitrogen-fixing cells ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photobiont
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Cyanobacterium
Cyanobacteria (), also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis. The name ''cyanobacteria'' refers to their color (), which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blue-green algae, although they are not usually scientifically classified as algae. They appear to have originated in a freshwater or terrestrial environment. Sericytochromatia, the proposed name of the paraphyletic and most basal group, is the ancestor of both the non-photosynthetic group Melainabacteria and the photosynthetic cyanobacteria, also called Oxyphotobacteria. Cyanobacteria use photosynthetic pigments, such as carotenoids, phycobilins, and various forms of chlorophyll, which absorb energy from light. Unlike heterotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have internal membranes. These are flattened sacs called thylakoids where photosynthesis is performed. Phototrophic eukaryotes such as green plants perform photosynthesis in plastids t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo
Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo (13 May 1824 – 25 May 1860) was an Italian paleobotanist and lichenologist. He was born in Tregnago in the Province of Verona and took a great interest in botany as a young man. Massalongo joined the faculty of medicine at the University of Padua in 1844.Cappelletii, Maurizia Alippi (2008)"Abramo Bartolomeo Massalongo"(in Italian). ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 71''. Retrieved 7 October 2012. Along with Gustav Wilhelm Körber, he founded the "Italian-Silesian" school of lichenology. He also collaborated with Martino Anzi. He was the husband of Maria Colognato and the father of hepaticologist Caro Benigno Massalongo. He also worked in the scientific field of herpetology. In 1859 his ''Catalogo dei rettili delle province venete'' was published in Venice. Massalongo died in Verona in 1860. He was honoured in 1855, when German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber circumscribed '' Massalongia'' which is a genus of lichen-forming fungi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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