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Henry II, Landgrave Of Hesse
Henry II of Hesse (German: ''Heinrich''), (c. 1299 – 3 June 1376) called "the Iron" was Landgrave of Hesse from 1328–1376. Henry was the son of Otto I, Landgrave of Hesse and Adelheid of Ravensburg. With his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia, daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen, he had five children: * Otto the Younger (1322c-1366) * Adelheid (1323/24-1370) later wife of Casimir III of Poland * Elisabeth 329c-1390later wife of Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen Duke Ernest I of Brunswick-Göttingen ( – 24 April 1367John Morby, ''Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook'', Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989, p. 132 viewed on 20 August 2006) was a member of the Guelph dynas ... * Jutta/Judith; died in infancy * Margarethe, a nun in Haidau monastery When Henry's son Otto died in 1366, his nephew Hermann was named co-regent. This caused fighting to break out with Otto of Brunswick. To defray the costs of the conflict with Brunswick, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landgrave Of Hesse
The Landgraviate of Hesse (german: Landgrafschaft Hessen) was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. It existed as a single entity from 1264 to 1567, when it was divided among the sons of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. History In the early Middle Ages the territory of Hessengau, named after the Germanic Chatti tribes, formed the northern part of the German stem duchy of Franconia, along with the adjacent Lahngau. Upon the extinction of the ducal Conradines, these Rhenish Franconian counties were gradually acquired by Landgrave Louis I of Thuringia and his successors. After the War of the Thuringian Succession upon the death of Landgrave Henry Raspe in 1247, his niece Duchess Sophia of Brabant secured the Hessian possessions for her minor son Henry the Child. In 1264 he became the first Landgrave of Hesse and the founder of the House of Hesse. The remaining Thuringian landgraviate fell to the Wettin's Henry III, Margrave of Meissen. Henry I of Hesse was raised to the status ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto The Younger
Otto II of Hesse, also known as Otto the Younger (before 1322 - December 1366, Spangenberg Castle), was the only son of Landgrave Henry II of Hesse and his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia, daughter of Margrave Frederick of Meissen. Life Otto married Elisabeth (died 1382) in 1338, daughter of Dietrich VIII, Count of Cleves. The marriage was childless. In 1339/40 he was co-regent with his father and imperial governor in Mühlhausen. Otto participated in, among other things, two victorious feuds of his father (1356 and 1361) against the abbot Henry VII of Fulda. In 1356, he devastated the village of Hausen and Hausen Castle. In 1361, Otto and Margrave Frederick III of Meissen conquered and plundered in the city of Hünfeld in Fulda. Otto resided at Spangenberg Castle in Spangenberg, where he died in 1366. His unexpected and sudden death gave rise to the assumption that he had fallen victim to a poison attack initiated by Abbot Henry VII of Fulda. After Otto's death, Henry I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adelaide Of Hesse
Adelaide of Hesse ( pl, Adelajda heska) (after 1323 – after May 26, 1371) was queen consort of Poland by marriage to Casimir III of Poland. She was daughter of Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse, and his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia, daughter of Frederick I, margrave of Meissen. Adelaide was a member of the House of Hesse. Biography She was named after her paternal grandmother. Unhappy marriage On September 29, 1341, in Poznań, Adelaide married Casimir III the Great, King of Poland. The marriage was a result of an agreement between Casimir III and Luxemburgs. The marriage was Casimir's second marriage, after the death of his first wife, Aldona of Lithuania. Casimir had no male heir, though he had two daughters, Elizabeth and Kunigunde. On September 29, 1341, Adelaide was crowned in Poznań Cathedral. The marriage was an unhappy one, Casimir started living separately from Adelaide soon after their marriage. Annulment Their loveless marriage lasted until 1356. Casimir separated fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Hesse
The House of Hesse is a European dynasty, directly descended from the House of Brabant. They ruled the region of Hesse, one branch as prince-electors until 1866, and another branch as grand dukes until 1918. Burke's Royal Families of the World, Volume I: ''Europe & Latin America'' (1977), pp. 202, 208, 211-216. History The origins of the House of Hesse begin with the marriage of Sophie of Thuringia (daughter of Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, and Elizabeth of Hungary) with Henry II, Duke of Brabant, from the House of Reginar. Sophie was the heiress of Hesse, which she passed on to her son, Henry, upon her retention of the territory following her partial victory in the War of the Thuringian Succession, in which she was one of the belligerents. Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th century, it was inherited by the younger son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and became a distinct political entity. From the late 16th century, it was generall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto I, Landgrave Of Hesse
Otto I of Hesse (c. 1272 – 17 January 1328) was Landgrave of Hesse from 1308 until his death. Otto was born in Marburg, a son of Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse and his first wife Adelheid of Brunswick-Lunenburg. Following the death of his father in 1308, he inherited Upper Hesse, the "Land on the Lahn", which included Marburg, Giessen, Grünberg and Alsfeld. After his half-brother John died in 1311, he also became landgrave of Lower Hesse. This included the area below the Fulda, Eder, Schwalm, Werra, and the upper reaches of the Weser, with the residence of Kassel, as well as the towns of Homberg (Efze), Melsungen, and Rotenburg an der Fulda. After Otto inherited the whole Landgraviate, he resided alternately in Kassel and Marburg. Otto had a long conflict with the Archbishop of Mainz, Matthias von Bucheck. In 1324 Mainz won the battle in the Lahnberg with help from troops from Amöneburg. In 1327, Mainz adopted Giessen with the help of troops from the Electorate of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landgrave
Landgrave (german: Landgraf, nl, landgraaf, sv, lantgreve, french: landgrave; la, comes magnus, ', ', ', ', ') was a noble title used in the Holy Roman Empire, and later on in its former territories. The German titles of ', ' ("margrave"), and ' ("count palatine") are in the same class of ranks as ' ("duke") and above the rank of a ' ("count"). Etymology The English language, English word landgrave is the equivalent of the German language, German ''Landgraf'', a compound (linguistics), compound of the words ''Land'' and ''Graf'' (German: Count). Description The title referred originally to a count who had imperial immediacy, or feudal duty owed directly to the Holy Roman Emperor. His jurisdiction stretched over a sometimes quite considerable territory, which was not subservient to an intermediate power, such as a duke, a bishop or count palatine. The title survived from the times of the Holy Roman Empire (first recorded in Lower Lotharingia from 1086: Henry III, Count of Lou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landgraviate Of Hesse
The Landgraviate of Hesse (german: Landgrafschaft Hessen) was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. It existed as a single entity from 1264 to 1567, when it was divided among the sons of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. History In the early Middle Ages the territory of Hessengau, named after the Germanic Chatti tribes, formed the northern part of the German stem duchy of Franconia, along with the adjacent Lahngau. Upon the extinction of the ducal Conradines, these Rhenish Franconian counties were gradually acquired by Landgrave Louis I of Thuringia and his successors. After the War of the Thuringian Succession upon the death of Landgrave Henry Raspe in 1247, his niece Duchess Sophia of Brabant secured the Hessian possessions for her minor son Henry the Child. In 1264 he became the first Landgrave of Hesse and the founder of the House of Hesse. The remaining Thuringian landgraviate fell to the Wettin's Henry III, Margrave of Meissen. Henry I of Hesse was raised to the status o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick I, Margrave Of Meissen
Frederick I, called the Brave or the Bitten (German: ''Friedrich der Freidige'' or ''Friedrich der Gebissene''; 1257 – 16 November 1323) was Margrave of Meissen and Landgrave of Thuringia. Life Born in Eisenach, Frederick was the son of Albert II, Margrave of Meissen and Margaret of Sicily. According to legend, his mother, fleeing her philandering husband in 1270, was overcome by the pain of parting and bit Frederick on the cheek: therefore he became known as ''the Bitten''. After the death of Conradin in 1268, he became the legitimate heir to the Hohenstaufen claims, and claimed the Kingdom of Sicily, briefly taking the titles of King of Jerusalem and Sicily and Duke of Swabia. (While not descended from the Kings of Jerusalem, his grandfather Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, had claimed the kingdom for himself.) However, these claims met with little favor. Swabia, pawned by Conradin before his last expedition, was disintegrating as a territorial unit. He went unrecognized in O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casimir III Of Poland
Casimir III the Great ( pl, Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, and fought to retain the title in the Galicia-Volhynia Wars. He was the last Polish king from the Piast dynasty. Casimir inherited a kingdom weakened by war and made it prosperous and wealthy. He reformed the Polish army and doubled the size of the kingdom. He reformed the judicial system and introduced a legal code, gaining the title "the Polish Justinian I, Justinian". Casimir built extensively and founded the Jagiellonian University (back then simply called the University of Krakow),Saxton, 1851, p. 535 the oldest List of universities in Poland, Polish university and List of oldest universities in continuous operation, one of the oldest in the world. He also confirmed privileges and protections previously granted to Jews and encouraged them to settle in Poland in great numbers. Casimir left no sons. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest I, Duke Of Brunswick-Göttingen
Duke Ernest I of Brunswick-Göttingen ( – 24 April 1367John Morby, ''Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook'', Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989, p. 132 viewed on 20 August 2006) was a member of the Guelph dynasty and was Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen from 1344 until his death. Life Ernest was a son of Duke Albert II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Göttingen and his wife, Rixa of Werle. In the division of 1286, his father had received the Principality of Göttingen and in 1292, he inherited Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from his childless brother William I. After his father's death in 1318, Ernest's older brother Otto the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Otto the Mild took up government. After Otto died childless in 1344, Ernest and his older brother Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Magnus I divided the Duchy. Ernest received the Principality of Göttingen The Principality of Göttingen (german: Fürstentum Göttingen) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann II, Landgrave Of Hesse
Hermann II of Hesse (1341 – 24 May 1413) was Landgrave of Hesse from 1376 to 1413. Hermann II, called "the Scholar", was born in 1345 in Burg Grebenstein (de) (Grebenstein castle), the son of Louis the Junker. Louis the Junker was a son of Otto I, Landgrave of Hesse. Hermann studied in Paris and in Prague. After the death of Otto, the son and heir apparent of Henry II, the latter appointed his nephew Hermann as co-ruler and heir in 1367. Hermann was married twice. The first marriage on 3 February 1377 was to Johanna, countess of Nassau-Weilburg 1383but produced no children. The second was on 15 October 1383 to Margaret of Hohenzollern-Nuremberg 1406 daughter of Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg. They had the following children: * Anna (1385–1386) * Henry (1387–1394) * Elisabeth (1388–1394). * Margarete (1389–1446), married to Henry I of Brunswick-Lüneburg * Agnes (1391–1471), married to Otto II of Brunswick-Göttingen * Hermann (1396–1406) * Frederick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of Hesse
The coat of arms of the German states, German state of Hesse was introduced in 1949. It is based on the historical coat of arms of the Ludovingian landgraves of Hesse and Thuringia. History Ingeram Codex 043.jpg, The Ludovingian ''lion barry'' in the Ingeram Codex of 1459, given as the coat of arms of the landgraves of Hesse and Thuringia Wappen Landgraf Hessen.gif, Coat of arms of the landgrave of Hesse in Siebmacher's Wappenbuch (1703) Coat of Arms of the Grand Duchy of Hesse 1806-1918.svg, Lesser coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, using the coat of arms of the duchy itself, with the crown of a Grand Duchy and two lions as supporters (1806 to 1918) Greater Coat of arms of Grand Duchy of Hesse (1902-1918).svg, Greater coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1902 Coat of Arms of Hesse-Nassau.svg, The coat of arms of the Provinces of Prussia, Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau Coat of arms of Hesse original.png, Design by Gerhard Matzat (1949) References See also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
