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Hassan Pirnia
Hassan Pirnia ( fa, حسن پیرنیا ; 1871 – 20 November 1935), was a prominent Iranian politician of 20th-century Iran. He held a total of twenty-four posts during his political career, serving four times as Prime Minister of Iran. He was also a historian, co-founding the Society for the National Heritage of Iran. Personal life Hassan was the eldest son of Mirza Nasrullah Khan, a Prime Minister during the Qajar era. Hassan also had a younger brother named Hossein, who served as speaker of the Parliament of Iran. Career Hassan became Iran's Minister to the Russian Court before returning to Iran, where he founded the Tehran School of Political Science in 1899. Upon his father's death, he assumed the title of Moshir al Dowleh, playing an important role in drafting the Persian Constitution of 1906. Hassan was given an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George by the British crown in 1907. From 1907 to 1908, Pirnia w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nain, Iran
Nain ( fa, نایین or نائين, also Romanized as Nāīn & Nāein) is a city and capital of Nain County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 25,379 in 7,730 families. Nain (also known as Naein and Naeen) lies 170 km north of Yazd and 140 km east of Esfahan with an area of almost 35,000 km², Nain lies at an altitude of 1545 m above sea level. It has a maximum temperature of 41 °C in summer, and a minimum of -9 °C in winter. More than 3,000 years ago the Persians learned how to construct aqueducts underground (''qanat'' in Persian: کاریز) to bring water from the mountains to the plains. In the 1960s this ancient system provided more than 70 percent of the water used in Iran and Nain is one of the best places in the entire world to see these qanats functioning. Unique to Nain are some of the most outstanding monuments in all of Iran: the Jame Mosque, one of the first four mosques built in Iran after the Islamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hossein Pirnia
Hossein Pirnia, also known as Mo'tamen al Molk ( fa, حسین پیرنیا; 1875–1948) was an Iranian politician. His father, Mirza Nasrullah Khan, and his elder brother, Hassan Pirnia, both served as Prime Minister of Iran. Career He served as speaker of the Parliament of Iran from 1914 to 1925, and again from 1928 to 1929. Pirnia played a significant role in the drafting of the Persian Constitution of 1906 The Persian Constitution of 1906 ( fa, قانون اساسی مشروطه, Qanun-e Asasi-ye Mishirutâh), was the first constitution of the Sublime State of Persia (Qajar Iran), resulting from the Persian Constitutional Revolution and it was w ... and served as Minister of Education in 1918 and Minister without portfolio in 1920. He was elected to every session of the Parliament (Majlis) from 1906, serving as speaker for more than eleven years in total. In 1943 he was elected from Tehran to the 14th session of Parliament but declined to serve. Sources * Ghani, Cyrus. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Persianate Studies
''Journal of Persianate Studies'' is a peer review, peer-reviewed academic journal publishing articles on the culture of a vast geographical area (including Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, as well as the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and parts of the former Ottoman Empire) where the Persian language has or has had a significant presence. See also *Encyclopædia Iranica *Iranian studies External links * https://brill.com/view/journals/jps/jps-overview.xml * Iranian studies journals English-language journals Publications established in 2008 Biannual journals Brill Publishers academic journals {{area-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Ali Foroughi
Mohammad Ali Foroughi ( fa, محمدعلی فروغی; early August 1877 – 26 or 27 November 1942), also known as Zoka-ol-Molk ( Persian: ذُکاءُالمُلک), was a writer, diplomat and politician who served three terms as Prime Minister of Iran. He wrote numerous books on ancient Iranian history and is known for founding the Academy of Iran. Early life and education Foroughi was born in Tehran to a merchant family from Isfahan. His ancestor, Mirza Abutorab was the representative of Isfahan in Mugan plain during Nader Shah Afshar's coronation. His grandfather, Mohammad Mehdi Arbab Isfahani, was amongst the most influential merchants of Isfahan and was skilled in history and geography. His father Mohammad Hosein Foroughi was the translator of the Shah from Arabic and French. He was also a poet and published a newspaper called Tarbiat. Naser al-Din Shah Qajar nicknamed Mohammad Hosein, Foroughi, after hearing a poem that he had written.Bagher Agheli, A biography of pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdolhossein Teymourtash
Abdolhossein Teymourtash ( fa, عبدالحسین تیمورتاش; 25 September 1883 – 3 October 1933) was an influential Iranian statesman who served as the first minister of court of the Pahlavi dynasty from 1925 to 1932, and is credited with playing a crucial role in laying the foundations of modern Iran in the 20th century. Given his significant role in the transition of power from the Qajar to Pahlavi dynasties, he is identified closely with the Pahlavi for which he served as the first minister of court from 1925 to 1933. Nonetheless, Teymourtash's rise to prominence on the Iranian political scene predated the rise of Reza Shah to the throne in 1925, and his elevation to the second most powerful political position in the early Pahlavi era was preceded by a number of significant political appointments. Apart from having been elected to serve as a member of Parliament to the 2nd (1909–1911); 3rd (1914–1915); 4th (1921–1923); 5th (1924–1926); and 6th (1926–1928) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reza Khan
, , spouse = Maryam Savadkoohi Tadj ol-Molouk Ayromlu (queen consort)Turan AmirsoleimaniEsmat Dowlatshahi , issue = Princess Hamdamsaltaneh Princess ShamsMohammad Reza Shah Princess Ashraf Prince Ali Reza Prince Gholam Reza Prince Abdul Reza Prince Ahmad Reza Prince Mahmoud Reza Princess Fatemeh Prince Hamid Reza , house = Pahlavi , father = Abbas-Ali Khan , mother = Noush-Afarin , religion = , birth_date = , birth_place = Alasht, Savadkuh, Mazandaran, Sublime State of Persia , death_date = , death_place = Johannesburg, Union of South Africa , burial_place = 7 May 1950Mausoleum of Reza Shah, Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine, Rey , signature = , module = Reza Shah Pahlavi ( fa, رضا شاه پهلوی; ; originally Reza Khan (); 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian military officer, politician (who served as minister of war and prime minister), and first shah of the House of Pahlavi of the Imperial State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Mosaddegh
Mohammad Mosaddegh ( fa, محمد مصدق, ; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, after appointment by the 16th Majlis. He was a member of the Iranian parliament from 1923, and served through a contentious 1952 election into the 17th Iranian Majlis, until his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état aided by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom (MI6) and the United States (CIA), led by Kermit Roosevelt Jr. His National Front was suppressed from the 1954 election. Before its removal from power, his administration introduced a range of social and political measures such as social security, land reforms and higher taxes including the introduction of taxation on the rent of land. His government's most significant policy was the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which had been built by the British on Persian lands since 1913 through th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Persian Agreement
The Anglo-Persian Agreement involved Great Britain and Persia, and centered on the drilling rights of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. The "agreement" was issued by British Foreign Secretary, Lord Curzon, to the Persian government in August 1919. It was never ratified by the Majlis (Iranian parliament). After the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, the new Soviet government abandoned the former Russian sphere of influence in the five northern provinces of Iran, branding the concept as "Tsarist Imperialism". Britain was the remaining power in the region and Curzon hoped to make Iran not a protectorate but a client state of Britain and of no other great power. The document gave a guarantee of British access to all Iranian oil fields. In return the British would: *Supply munitions and equipment for a British-trained army *Provide a 2 million sterling loan for "necessary reforms" *Revise the Customs tariff *Survey and build railroads. The document was criticized by foreign observers as hege ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Russian Entente
The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 (russian: Англо-Русская Конвенция 1907 г., translit=Anglo-Russkaya Konventsiya 1907 g.), or Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet (; ), was signed on August 31, 1907, in Saint Petersburg. It ended the longstanding rivalry in Central Asia and enabled the two countries to outflank the Germans, who were threatening to connect Berlin to Baghdad with a new railroad that could potentially align the Ottoman Empire with Imperial Germany. The Convention ended the long dispute over Persia. Great Britain promised to stay out of northern Persia, and Russia recognized southern Persia as part of the British sphere of influence. Russia also promised to stay out of Tibet and Afghanistan. In exchange, London extended loans and some political support. The convention brought shaky British–Russian relations to the forefront by solidifying boundaries that identified respective control i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Most Distinguished Order Of Saint Michael And Saint George
The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV, Prince of Wales, while he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George III. It is named in honour of two military saints, Michael and George. The Order of St Michael and St George was originally awarded to those holding commands or high position in the Mediterranean territories acquired in the Napoleonic Wars, and was subsequently extended to holders of similar office or position in other territories of the British Empire. It is at present awarded to men and women who hold high office or who render extraordinary or important non-military service to the United Kingdom in a foreign country, and can also be conferred for important or loyal service in relation to foreign and Commonwealth affairs. Description The Order includes three classes. It is used to honour individuals who have rendered important services in relation to Common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Honorary British Knights And Dames
This is an incomplete list of people who have been created honorary Knights or Dames by the British crown, as well as those who have been raised to the two comparable Orders of Chivalry (Order of Merit and Order of the Companions of Honour) and the Royal Victorian Chain, which do not carry pre-nominal styles. Use of pre-nominal styles and post-nominal initials. An honorary award is one made to a person who is not a citizen of a Commonwealth realm. He or she cannot use the pre-nominal style of 'Sir' or 'Dame', but can use the post-nominal letters Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, academic degree, accreditation, ... (after their names), subject to the prevailing conventions in his or her own country. If such a person later acquires citizenship of a Commonwealth realm, then any honorary awards us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Constitution Of 1906
The Persian Constitution of 1906 ( fa, قانون اساسی مشروطه, Qanun-e Asasi-ye Mishirutâh), was the first constitution of the Sublime State of Persia (Qajar Iran), resulting from the Persian Constitutional Revolution and it was written by Hassan Pirnia, Hossein Pirnia, and Ismail Mumtaz, among others. The Constitution was also in effect during Pahlavi Iran. It divides into five chapters with many articles that developed over several years. The Quran was the foundation of this constitution while the Belgian constitution served as a partial model for the document. The electoral and fundamental laws of 1906 The electoral and fundamental laws of 1906 established the electoral system and the internal frameworks of the Majlis (Parliament) and the Senate. By the royal proclamation of August 5, 1906, Mozzafar al-Din Shah created this first constitution "for the peace and tranquility of all the people of Persia." Muhammad Ali Shah Qajar is credited with chapters 4 and 5. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
