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Harlan County War
The Harlan County War, or Bloody Harlan, was a series of coal industry skirmishes, executions, bombings and strikes (both attempted and realized) that took place in Harlan County, Kentucky Harlan County is a county located in southeastern Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,831. Its county seat is Harlan. It is classified as a moist countya county in which alcohol sales are prohibited (a dry county), but conta ..., during the 1930s. The incidents involved coal miners and union organizers on one side and coal firms and law enforcement officials on the other. The Harlan County coal miners campaigned and fought to organize their workplaces and better their wages and working conditions. It was a nearly decade-long conflict, lasting from 1931 to 1939. Before its conclusion, an unknown number of miners, deputies and bosses would be killed, state and federal troops would occupy the county more than half a dozen times, two acclaimed folk singers would emerge, un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal Wars
The Coal Wars were a series of armed labor conflicts in the United States, roughly between 1890 and 1930. Although they occurred mainly in the East, particularly in Appalachia, there was a significant amount of violence in Colorado after the turn of the century. History The Coal Wars were the result of economic exploitation of workers during a period of social transformation in the coalfields. Beginning in 1870–1880, coal operators had established the company town system. Coal operators paid private detectives as well as public law enforcement agents to ensure that union organizers were kept out of the region. In order to accomplish this objective, agents of the coal operators used intimidation, harassment, espionage and even murder. Throughout the early 20th century, coal miners attempted to overthrow this system and engaged in a series of strikes, including the Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912, and the Battle of Evarts, which coal operators attempted to stop throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow-dog Contracts
A yellow-dog contract (a yellow-dog clause of a contract, also known as an ironclad oath) is an agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees, as a condition of employment, not to be a member of a labor union. In the United States, such contracts were, until the 1930s, widely used by employers to prevent the formation of unions, most often by permitting employers to take legal action against union organizers. In 1932, yellow-dog contracts were outlawed in the United States under the Norris-LaGuardia Act. Origin of term and brief history In the 1870s, a written agreement containing a pledge not to join a union was commonly referred to as the "Infamous Document." This strengthens the belief that American employers in their resort to individual contracts were consciously following English precedents. This anti-union pledge was also called an "iron clad document," and from this time until the close of the 19th century "iron-clad" was the customary name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holly Hunter
Holly Patricia Hunter (born March 20, 1958) is an American actress. For her performance as Ada McGrath in the 1993 drama film ''The Piano'', Hunter won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She earned three additional Academy Award nominations for '' Broadcast News'' (1987), '' The Firm'' (1993) and ''Thirteen'' (2003). For her roles in the television films '' Roe vs. Wade'' (1989), and ''The Positively True Adventures of the Alleged Texas Cheerleader-Murdering Mom'' (1993), she won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. She also starred in the TNT drama series '' Saving Grace'' (2007–2010). Hunter's other film roles include ''Raising Arizona'' (1987), '' Home for the Holidays'' (1995), ''O Brother, Where Art Thou?'' (2000), ''The Incredibles'' (2004), '' Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice'' (2016), and ''The Big Sick'' (2017), the latter of which earned her a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harlan County War (film)
''Harlan County War'' (2000) is a television film directed by Tony Bill and written by Peter Silverman. It aired on Showtime. Plot A Kentucky woman whose mine-worker husband is nearly killed in a cave-in, and whose father is slowly dying of black lung, joins the picket lines for a long, violent strike. Principal cast *Holly Hunter as Ruby Kincaid *Stellan Skarsgård as Warren Jakopovich *Ted Levine as Silas Kincaid *Wayne Robson as Tug Jones *Alex House as Buddy Kincaid *Charlotte Arnold as Lucinda Kincaid *Ker Wells as Little Lee *Jennifer Irwin as Mary Ball * Rufus Crawford as Bill Worthington *Cliff Saunders as Lawrence Perkins *Deborah Pollitt as Ora Perkins *Tim Burd as Dillard Ball *Tom Harvey as Jerry Selvey *Reginald Doresa as Bronce Breckenridge *Helen Hughes as Aunt Melva Jones Awards and nominations Emmy Awards *Outstanding Actress Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie (Hunter, nominated) Golden Globe Awards *Best Actress - Miniseries or Television Film (Hunter, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academy Award For Best Documentary Feature
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, secondary or tertiary education, tertiary higher education, higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and Skills, skill, north of Ancient Athens, Athens, Greece. Etymology The word comes from the ''Academy'' in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, ''Akademos''. Outside the city walls of Athens, the Gymnasium (ancient Greece), gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive Grove (nature), grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". In these gardens, the philosopher Plato conversed with followers. Plato developed his sessions into a method of teaching philosophy and in 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harlan County, USA
''Harlan County, USA'' is a 1976 American documentary film covering the "Brookside Strike", a 1973 effort of 180 coal miners and their wives against the Duke Power Company-owned Eastover Coal Company's Brookside Mine and Prep Plant in Harlan County, southeast Kentucky. It won the Academy Award for Best Documentary at the 49th Academy Awards. It was directed and produced by filmmaker Barbara Kopple, then early in her filmmaking career. A former VISTA volunteer, she had worked on other documentaries, especially as an advocate of workers' rights. Narrative Kopple initially intended to make a film about Kenzie, Miners for Democracy and the attempt to unseat Tony Boyle as president of the UMWA. When miners at the Brookside Mine in Harlan County, Kentucky, went on strike against Duke Power Company in June 1973, Kopple went there to film the strike, which the UMWA had helped to organize. She decided it was the more compelling subject, so switched the focus of her film. In all, she ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caroline Decker
Caroline Decker Gladstein (born Caroline Dwofsky, April 26, 1912 – May 17, 1992) was a labor activist in the 1930s in California. A member of the Communist Party, as many activists were, she was an organizer for the Cannery and Agricultural Workers’ International Union (CAWIU). Decker helped organize the massive California agricultural strikes of 1933 during the Great Depression. Background Caroline Decker was born on April 26, 1912 in Macon, Georgia. Her real name was Caroline Dwofsky, the daughter of Bernard Dwofsky and Anna Raskin. Like most Communist organizers at the time, Caroline used an alias, taking "Decker" as hers, and known as Caroline Decker throughout her organizing career. Her parents were Jewish immigrants that emigrated to the US after fleeing pogroms in Ukraine. Her family moved to Syracuse, N.Y. when she was 12, and her father Bernard is buried there in the Workman's Circle Cemetery. In Syracuse, Caroline met many leaders of left-wing organizatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jim Garland
Jim Garland (April 8, 1905 – September 6, 1978) was a miner, songwriter, folksinger, and folk song collector from the coal mining country of eastern Kentucky, where he was involved with the communist-led National Miners Union (NMU) during the violent labor conflicts of the early 1930s called the Harlan County War. Garland came to New York City in 1931 with his older half-sister Aunt Molly Jackson and later followed by sister Sarah Ogan where he participated in the Greenwich Village folk music scene. Two of his best-known songs are "The Death of Harry Simms" and "I Don't Want Your Millions, Mister." During World War II he moved, together with Sarah's family, to Vancouver, Washington, to work in the shipyard. In 1944 he founded a broom factory which he ran for many years.Jim Garland, ''Welcome the Traveler Home: Jim Garland's Story of the Kentucky Mountains,'' ed. by Julie S. Audery. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Garland sang at the Newport Folk Festival in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aunt Molly Jackson
Aunt Molly Jackson (1880 – September 1, 1960) was an influential American folk singer and a union activist. Her full name was Mary Magdalene Garland Stewart Jackson Stamos. Biography Jackson was one of fifteen children born in Clay County, Kentucky, as the daughter of Oliver Perry Garland and Deborah Robinson.Kleber 1992, p. 459. Prior to 1883, her father worked as a sharecropper. However, due to the extensive subdivision of land in southeastern Kentucky over the course of the latter half of the nineteenth century, her father's profession grew to be inviable. The family moved to East Bernstadt, Kentucky in Laurel County where Oliver opened a general store selling groceries to miners on credit and became a pastor at the Missionary Baptist Church in town. When the miners failed to make their payments, he was forced to close the store two years later to go to work in the coal mines. Her mother died of tuberculosis when she was six years old.Hevener 2002, p. 66. Her fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Ornitz
Samuel Badisch Ornitz (November 15, 1890 – March 10, 1957) was an American screenwriter and novelist from New York City; he was one of the "Hollywood Ten"Obituary ''Variety'', March 13, 1957, page 63. who were blacklisted from the 1950s on by movie studio bosses after his appearance before the House Un-American Activities Committee when he was held in contempt of Congress for refusing to testify about his alleged membership in the Communist Party. In his later years, he wrote novels, including ''Bride of the Sabbath'' (1951), which became a bestseller. Early life and education Born to a Jewish family in 1890 in New York City, New York, the son of immigrants from Eastern Europe. Ornitz attended public schools and Hebrew School. His father became a successful dry goods merchant who wanted his sons to go into business with him. From an early age, Ornitz became interested in socialism, giving street talks at the age of 12, and writing. Work Unlike his brothers, Ornitz was not int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Dos Passos
John Roderigo Dos Passos (; January 14, 1896 – September 28, 1970) was an American novelist, most notable for his ''U.S.A.'' trilogy. Born in Chicago, Dos Passos graduated from Harvard College in 1916. He traveled widely as a young man, visiting Europe and southwest Asia, where he learned about literature, art, and architecture. During World War I, he was an ambulance driver for the American Volunteer Motor Ambulance Corps in Paris and Italy, before joining the United States Army Medical Corps as a private. In 1920, his first novel, ''One Man's Initiation: 1917'', was published, and in 1925, his novel '' Manhattan Transfer'' became a commercial success. His ''U.S.A.'' trilogy, which consists of the novels ''The 42nd Parallel'' (1930), ''1919'' (1932), and ''The Big Money'' (1936), was ranked by the Modern Library in 1998 as 23rd of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Written in experimental, non-linear form, the trilogy blends elements of biography and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Communist Party
The Communist Party USA, officially the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), is a communist party in the United States which was established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America following the Russian Revolution. The history of the CPUSA is closely related to the history of the American labor movement and the history of communist parties worldwide. Initially operating underground due to the Palmer Raids which started during the First Red Scare, the party was influential in American politics in the first half of the 20th century and it also played a prominent role in the history of the labor movement from the 1920s through the 1940s, becoming known for opposing racism and racial segregation after sponsoring the defense for the Scottsboro Boys in 1931. Its membership increased during the Great Depression, and it also played a key role in the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. The CPUSA subsequently declined due to events ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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