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Haringtonhippus
''Haringtonhippus'' is an extinct genus of stilt-legged equine from the Pleistocene of North America The genus is monospecific, consisting of the species ''H. francisci'', initially described in 1915 by Oliver Perry Hay as ''Equus francisci''. Prior to its formal description, it was sometimes referred to as the New World stilt-legged horse. ''Haringtonhippus'' fossils have only been discovered in North America. Specimens have been found from southern Mexico to southern South Dakota and in Alberta, Canada, at sites such as Gypsum Cave and Natural Trap Cave, as well as eastern Beringia in Yukon A later study found that ''Equus cedralensis'' from the Late Pleistocene of Mexico also belonged to this species. The earliest species of the lineage appeared in North America during the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, around 2 to 3 Ma. It became extinct at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Taxonomy ''Haringtonhippus'' is named after Charles Richard Harington. It was originally described ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippidion
''Hippidion'' (meaning ''little horse'') is an extinct genus of Equinae, equine that lived in South America from the Late Pliocene to the end of the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian), between two million and 11,000 years ago. They were one of two lineages of equines native to South America during the Pleistocene epoch, alongside those of the ''Equus (genus), Equus'' subgenus ''Amerhippus''. Evolution ''Hippidion'' has been considered a Lineal descendant, descendant of Evolution of the horse#Pliohippus, pliohippines, equines that migrated into the South American continent around 2.5 million years ago. Early analysis of the ancient DNA of ''Hippidion'' and other New World Pleistocene equines supported the novel hypothesis that ''Hippidion'' was actually a member of the living genus ''Equus (genus), Equus'', with a particularly close relationship to the wild horse, ''Equus ferus''. However this was later shown to be incorrect, with more complete sequences finding ''Hippidion'' as an ou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equus Conversidens
''Equus conversidens'', or the Mexican horse, is a dubious Pleistocene species of horse, now extinct, that inhabited North America. The holotype of ''Equus conversidens'', a partial palate, was unearthed in Pleistocene deposits northeast of Mexico City, Mexico. In January 1963, a partial skeleton was found in the city of Canyon, Texas in a white clay bed during the excavation of a basement, and was referred to ''E. conversidens'' by Dalquest and Hughes (1965), who interpreted the species as medium to small-sized, and added additional records of the species from Texas (including a skeleton from Slaton), Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas and Florida, synonymizing '' Equus francisci'', ''Equus tau'', ''E. littoralis'', ''E. achates'', and ''E. barcenaei'' with ''E. conversidens''. However, Winans (1985) and MacFadden (1992) challenged the validity of ''E. conversidens'' due to its minimal diagnostic value, and treated ''E. francisci'' as valid. Subsequent study confirmed the ''no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gypsum Cave
Gypsum Cave is a limestone cave in eastern Clark County, Nevada, United States, about east of Las Vegas, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Description The cave contains six rooms and is measured at long by wide. The cave was first documented by Mark Raymond Harrington in a 1930 edition of ''Scientific American''. Up until about 11,000 BC (11,000 radiocarbon years ago), Gypsum Cave was inhabited by the Shasta ground sloth. A few hundreds feet away, the Gypsum Cave Mine contains gypsum, anhydrite and uranium. History Human habitation of the cave dates to around 3000 BC. Harrington provided the first documentation of the contents of the cave following excavation in 1930-1931. Habitation occurred at the same time at other local sites like Tule Springs, Lake Mojave and the Pinto Basin. The skull of the ground sloth ''Nothrotheriops shastensis'' Sinclair was found in Room 3 by the archaeologist Bertha Parker, who was Harrington's niece and se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equus (genus)
''Equus'' , is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, and zebras. Within the Equidae, ''Equus'' is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species. Like Equidae more broadly, ''Equus'' has numerous extinct species known only from fossils. The genus most likely originated in North America and spread quickly to the Old World. Equines are odd-toed ungulates with slender legs, long heads, relatively long necks, manes (erect in most subspecies), and long tails. All species are herbivorous, and mostly grazers, with simpler digestive systems than ruminants but able to subsist on lower-quality vegetation. While the domestic horse and donkey (along with their feral descendants) exist worldwide, wild equine populations are limited to Africa and Asia. Wild equine social systems are in two forms; a harem system with tight-knit groups consisting of one adult male or stallion, several females or mares, and their young or foals; and a terr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blancan
The Blancan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 4,750,000 to 1,806,000 years Before Present, BP, a period of . Blancan North American Stage GeoWhen Database. Version 1.1.0. Retrieved 2017-June-26. It is usually considered to start in the early-mid Pliocene Epoch and end by the early Pleistocene. The Blancan is preceded by the Hemphillian and followed by the Irvingtonian NALMA stages. As usually defined, it corresponds to the mid-Zanclean through Piacenzian and Gelasian stages in Europe and Asia. In California, the Blancan roughly corresponds to the mid-Delmontian through Repettian and Venturian to the very early Wheelerian. The Austr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Richard Harington
Charles Richard Harington was a Canadian zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ... born in Calgary in May 1933. He died in Ottawa, Canada, in September 2021. After working for geophysical companies in Alberta, and for the Arctic Institute of North America in Ottawa, he spent a year on northern Ellesmere Island during the International Geophysical Year, 1957–58, and came full circle in the summer of 2008 by carrying out field work on Ellesmere Island during the International Polar Year. From 1960-65, he worked as a Canadian Wildlife Service biologist, specializing in polar bear and muskox research. In 1965, he was appointed Curator of Quaternary Zoology with the National Museums of Canada and was Chief of the Paleobiology Division (1982–91). He carried out d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plesippus
''Plesippus'' is a genus of extinct horse from the Pleistocene of North America. Although commonly seen as a subgenus of ''Equus'' recent cladistic analysis considers it a distinct genus. Species Two species are recognized by Barron et al. (2019), '' P. simplicidens'' and ''P. idahoensis''. References The Hagerman Horse Quarry Dr. Greg McDonald {{Taxonbar, from=Q310094 Pliocene horses Prehistoric mammals of North America Pliocene odd-toed ungulates Pliocene first appearances Pleistocene extinctions Pleistocene horses Equus (genus) Extinct animals of the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allohippus
''Equus stenonis'' or the Stenon zebra, is an extinct species of equine closely related to modern zebras and asses that inhabited Eurasia in the Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina .... The African species ''Equus koobiforensis'' and ''E. oldowayensis'' are closely related to ''E. stenonis''. Barron-Ortiz et al. (2019) resurrect the genus ''Allohippus'' for ''Equus stenonis'' based on the results of their cladistic analysis regarding the interrelationships of the genus ''Equus''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15411518 Prehistoric mammals of Europe Prehistoric mammals of Asia Equus (genus) Fossil taxa described in 1867 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Outgroup (cladistics)
In cladistics or phylogenetics, an outgroup is a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group when determining the evolutionary relationships of the ingroup, the set of organisms under study, and is distinct from sociological outgroups. The outgroup is used as a point of comparison for the ingroup and specifically allows for the phylogeny to be rooted. Because the polarity (direction) of character change can be determined only on a rooted phylogeny, the choice of outgroup is essential for understanding the evolution of traits along a phylogeny. History Although the concept of outgroups has been in use from the earliest days of cladistics, the term "outgroup" is thought to have been coined in the early 1970s at the American Museum of Natural History. Prior to the advent of the term, various other terms were used by evolutionary biologists, including "exgroup", "related group", and "outside groups". Choice of outgroup The chosen outgroup is hypothes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equus Simplicidens
The Hagerman horse (''Equus simplicidens''), also called the Hagerman zebra or the American zebra, was a North American species of equid from the Pliocene epoch and the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the oldest horses of the genus ''Equus'' and was discovered in 1928 in Hagerman, Idaho. It is the state fossil of Idaho. StateFossils.com Classification The Hagerman horse was given the scientific name of ''Plesippus shoshonensis'' in 1930 by a Smithsonian named James W. Gidley (1930) A new Pliocene horse from Idaho. ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equus Stenonis
''Equus stenonis'' or the Stenon zebra, is an extinct species of equine closely related to modern zebras and asses that inhabited Eurasia in the Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in .... The African species ''Equus koobiforensis'' and ''E. oldowayensis'' are closely related to ''E. stenonis''. Barron-Ortiz et al. (2019) resurrect the genus ''Allohippus'' for ''Equus stenonis'' based on the results of their cladistic analysis regarding the interrelationships of the genus ''Equus''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15411518 Prehistoric mammals of Europe Prehistoric mammals of Asia Equus (genus) Fossil taxa described in 1867 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plains Zebra
The plains zebra (''Equus quagga'', formerly ''Equus burchellii''), also known as the common zebra, is the most common and geographically widespread species of zebra. Its range is fragmented, but spans much of southern and eastern Africa south of the Sahara. Six or seven subspecies have been recognised, including the extinct quagga which was thought to be a separate species. More recent research supports variations in zebra populations being Cline (biology), clines rather than subspecies. The plains zebra is intermediate in size between the larger Grévy's zebra and the smaller mountain zebra and tends to have broader stripes than both. Great variation in coat patterns exists between clines and individuals. The plain zebra's habitat is generally, but not exclusively, treeless grasslands and savanna woodlands, both tropical and temperate. They generally avoid desert, dense rainforest and permanent wetlands. Zebras are preyed upon by lions and spotted hyenas, Nile crocodiles and, to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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