Hapalotrema Mistroides

	Hapalotrema Mistroides ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the w ...'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Trematodes Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five traditional vertebrate classes: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. Etymology Trematodes are commonly referred to as flukes. This term can be traced back to the Old English name for flounder, and refers to the flattened, rhomboidal shape of the organisms. Taxonomy There are 18,000 to 24,000 known species of trematodes, divided into two subclasses — the Aspidogastrea and the Digenea. Aspidogastrea is the smaller subclass, comprising 61 species. These flukes mainly infect bivalves and bony fishes.https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3918.3.2 Digenea — which comprise the majority of trematodes — ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Spirorchiidae Spirorchiidae is a family of digenetic trematodes. Infestation by these trematodes leads to the disease spirorchiidiosis. Spirorchiids are mainly parasites of turtles. It has been synonymised with Proparorchiidae Ward, 1921, Spirorchidae Stunkard, 1921, and Spirorchiidae MacCallum, 1921. Genera '' Amphiorchis'' Price, 1934 '' Baracktrema'' Roberts, Platt & Bullard in Roberts, Platt, Orélis-Ribeiro & Bullard, 2016 '' Cardiotrema'' Dwivedi, 1967 '' Carettacola'' Manter & Larson, 1950 '' Cheloneotrema'' Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 '' Coeuritrema'' Mehra, 1933 '' Enterohaematotrema'' Mehra, 1940 '' Hapalorhynchus'' Stunkard, 1922 '' Hapalotrema'' Looss, 1899 '' Learedius'' Price, 1934 '' Monticellius'' Mehra, 1939 '' Neocaballerotrema'' Simha, 1977 '' Neospirorchis'' Price, 1934 '' Plasmiorchis'' Mehra, 1934 '' Platt'' Roberts & Bullard in Roberts, Arias, Halanych, Dang & Bullard, 2018 '' Satyanarayanotrema'' Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 '' Shobanatrema'' Simha & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cosmopolitan Distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The extreme opposite of a cosmopolitan species is an endemic one, being found only in a single geographical location. Qualification The caveat “in appropriate habitat” is used to qualify the term "cosmopolitan distribution", excluding in most instances polar regions, extreme altitudes, oceans, deserts, or small, isolated islands. For example, the housefly is highly cosmopolitan, yet is neither oceanic nor polar in its distribution. Related terms and concepts The term pandemism also is in use, but not all authors are consistent in the sense in which they use the term; some speak of pandemism mainly in referring to diseases and pandemics, and some as a term intermediate between endemism and cosmopolitanism, in effect regarding pandemism as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Dorsopora ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: '' Hapalotrema dorsopora'' '' Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the w ...'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Loossii ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' '' Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the w ...'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... Species: '' Hapalotrema dorsopora'' '' Hapalotrema loossii'' '' Hapalotrema mehrai'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Mistroides ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the w ...'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Orientalis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trem ...'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Pambanense ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Hapalotrema orientalis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides ''Hap ...'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Postorchis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Hapalotrema orientalis'' ''Hapalotrema pambanense ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Ha ...'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Synorchis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Hapalotrema orientalis'' ''Hapalotrema pambanense'' ''Hapalotrema postorchis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Ha ...'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	Hapalotrema Mistroides ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the w ...'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Trematodes Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five traditional vertebrate classes: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. Etymology Trematodes are commonly referred to as flukes. This term can be traced back to the Old English name for flounder, and refers to the flattened, rhomboidal shape of the organisms. Taxonomy There are 18,000 to 24,000 known species of trematodes, divided into two subclasses — the Aspidogastrea and the Digenea. Aspidogastrea is the smaller subclass, comprising 61 species. These flukes mainly infect bivalves and bony fishes.https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3918.3.2 Digenea — which comprise the majority of trematodes — ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Spirorchiidae Spirorchiidae is a family of digenetic trematodes. Infestation by these trematodes leads to the disease spirorchiidiosis. Spirorchiids are mainly parasites of turtles. It has been synonymised with Proparorchiidae Ward, 1921, Spirorchidae Stunkard, 1921, and Spirorchiidae MacCallum, 1921. Genera '' Amphiorchis'' Price, 1934 '' Baracktrema'' Roberts, Platt & Bullard in Roberts, Platt, Orélis-Ribeiro & Bullard, 2016 '' Cardiotrema'' Dwivedi, 1967 '' Carettacola'' Manter & Larson, 1950 '' Cheloneotrema'' Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 '' Coeuritrema'' Mehra, 1933 '' Enterohaematotrema'' Mehra, 1940 '' Hapalorhynchus'' Stunkard, 1922 '' Hapalotrema'' Looss, 1899 '' Learedius'' Price, 1934 '' Monticellius'' Mehra, 1939 '' Neocaballerotrema'' Simha, 1977 '' Neospirorchis'' Price, 1934 '' Plasmiorchis'' Mehra, 1934 '' Platt'' Roberts & Bullard in Roberts, Arias, Halanych, Dang & Bullard, 2018 '' Satyanarayanotrema'' Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 '' Shobanatrema'' Simha & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cosmopolitan Distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The extreme opposite of a cosmopolitan species is an endemic one, being found only in a single geographical location. Qualification The caveat “in appropriate habitat” is used to qualify the term "cosmopolitan distribution", excluding in most instances polar regions, extreme altitudes, oceans, deserts, or small, isolated islands. For example, the housefly is highly cosmopolitan, yet is neither oceanic nor polar in its distribution. Related terms and concepts The term pandemism also is in use, but not all authors are consistent in the sense in which they use the term; some speak of pandemism mainly in referring to diseases and pandemics, and some as a term intermediate between endemism and cosmopolitanism, in effect regarding pandemism as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Dorsopora ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: '' Hapalotrema dorsopora'' '' Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the w ...'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Loossii ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' '' Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the w ...'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... Species: '' Hapalotrema dorsopora'' '' Hapalotrema loossii'' '' Hapalotrema mehrai'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Mistroides ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the w ...'' '' Hapalotrema mistroides'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Orientalis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trem ...'' '' Hapalotrema orientalis'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Pambanense ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Hapalotrema orientalis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides ''Hap ...'' '' Hapalotrema pambanense'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Postorchis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Hapalotrema orientalis'' ''Hapalotrema pambanense ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Ha ...'' '' Hapalotrema postorchis'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hapalotrema Synorchis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Hapalotrema orientalis'' ''Hapalotrema pambanense'' ''Hapalotrema postorchis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: ''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' ''Hapalotrema loossii'' ''Hapalotrema mehrai'' ''Hapalotrema mistroides'' ''Ha ...'' '' Hapalotrema synorchis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18520607 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]