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Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report
The Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report (or War Report) contains the Government of Pakistan's official and classified papers of the events leading up to loss of East Pakistan and the 1971 war with India. Initially, there were 12 copies of the report prepared by the Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman; all were destroyed except one. That single report was handed over to the government, which forbade its publication at the time. The report was leaked eventually by the Indian and the Pakistani newspapers, including ''Dawn'', drawing the attention of the public to its front pages in 2000. An editorial entitled, "''Gen Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan - 4''" written by Ardeshir Cowasjee on the basis of the Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report, demonstrated that "three men principally (had been) responsible for the loss, at the end of 1971, of half of Jinnah's Pakistan— end of story." Originally, it was thought that the Government of Pakistan had declassified the Report in 2002 and was made it avail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan 1971
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-largest Muslim population just behind Indonesia. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country in the world by area and 2nd largest in South Asia, spanning . It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial centre. Pakistan is the site of several ancient cultures, including the 8,500-year-old Neolithic site of Mehrgarh in Balochistan, the Indus Valley civilisation of the Bronze Age, the most exten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Domain
The public domain (PD) consists of all the creative work A creative work is a manifestation of creative effort including fine artwork (sculpture, paintings, drawing, sketching, performance art), dance, writing (literature), filmmaking, and composition. Legal definitions Creative works require a cre ... to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly waived, or may be inapplicable. Because those rights have expired, anyone can legally use or reference those works without permission. As examples, the works of William Shakespeare, Ludwig van Beethoven, Leonardo da Vinci and Georges Méliès are in the public domain either by virtue of their having been created before copyright existed, or by their copyright term having expired. Some works are not covered by a country's copyright laws, and are therefore in the public domain; for example, in the United States, items excluded from copyright include the for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reports Of The Government Of Pakistan
A report is a document that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose. Although summaries of reports may be delivered orally, complete reports are almost always in the form of written documents. Usage In modern business scenario, reports play a major role in the progress of business. Reports are the backbone to the thinking process of the establishment and they are responsible, to a great extent, in evolving an efficient or inefficient work environment. The significance of the reports includes: * Reports present adequate information on various aspects of the business. * All the skills and the knowledge of the professionals are communicated through reports. * Reports help the top line in decision making. * A rule and balanced report also helps in problem solving. * Reports communicate the planning, policies and other matters regarding an organization to the masses. News reports play the role of ombudsman and levy checks and balances on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whistleblowing
A whistleblower (also written as whistle-blower or whistle blower) is a person, often an employee, who reveals information about activity within a private or public organization that is deemed illegal, immoral, illicit, unsafe or fraudulent. Whistleblowers can use a variety of internal or external channels to communicate information or allegations. Over 83% of whistleblowers report internally to a supervisor, human resources, compliance, or a neutral third party within the company, hoping that the company will address and correct the issues. A whistleblower can also bring allegations to light by communicating with external entities, such as the media, government, or law enforcement. Whistleblowing can occur in either the private sector or the public sector. Retaliation is a real risk for whistleblowers, who often pay a heavy price for blowing the whistle. The most common form of retaliation is abrupt termination of employment. However, several other actions may also be conside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indo-Pakistani War Of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 until the Pakistani capitulation in Dhaka on 16 December 1971. The war began with Pakistan's Operation Chengiz Khan, consisting of preemptive aerial strikes on 11 Indian air stations. The strikes led to India declaring war on Pakistan, marking their entry into the war for East Pakistan's independence, on the side of Bengali nationalist forces. India's entry expanded the existing conflict with Indian and Pakistani forces engaging on both the eastern and western fronts. Thirteen days after the war started, India achieved a clear upper hand, and the Eastern Command of the Pakistan military signed the instrument of surrender on 16 December 1971 in Dhaka, marking the formation of East Pakistan as the new nation of Bangladesh. Approximately 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were taken prisoner by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classified Documents
Classified may refer to: General *Classified information, material that a government body deems to be sensitive *Classified advertising or "classifieds" Music *Classified (rapper) (born 1977), Canadian rapper *The Classified, a 1980s American rock band featuring Steve Vai * Classified Records, an American record label Albums * ''Classified'' (Bond album), 2004 * ''Classified'' (Classified album), 2013 * ''Classified'' (Sweetbox album), 2001 *''Classified'', by James Booker, 1982 Songs *"Classified", by C. W. McCall from ''Wolf Creek Pass'', 1975 *"Classified", by the Orb from ''Metallic Spheres'', 2010 *"Classified", by Pete Townshend from the compilation '' Glastonbury Fayre'', 1972 *"Classifieds", by the Academy Is... from '' Almost Here'', 2005 Other media * ''Classified'' (1925 film), an American silent film *'' Classified: The Edward Snowden Story'', a 2014 Canadian film *'' Classified: The Sentinel Crisis'', a 2005 video game for the Xbox See also *Classification (disamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2000 In Pakistan
The following lists events that happened during 2000 in Pakistan. Incumbents Federal government *President: Muhammad Rafiq Tarar * Chief Justice: Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui (until 26 January), Irshad Hasan Khan Governors *Governor of Balochistan – Amir-ul-Mulk Mengal *Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – Mohammad Shafiq (until 15 August); Iftikhar Hussain Shah (starting 15 August) * Governor of Punjab – Muhammad Safdar *Governor of Sindh – Azim Daudpota (until 24 May); Muhammad Mian Soomro (starting 25 May) Events April *After military takeover, Former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is sentenced to life imprisonment. October *13 October – Pakistan's supreme court rules that the 1999 coup d'état was justified. December *Nawaz Sharif goes into exile to Saudi Arabia. Births Deaths *13 August – Nazia Hassan, pop-singer, cancer *23 December – Madam Noor Jahan, playback singer References Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 In Pakistan
Events from the year 1972 in Pakistan. Incumbents Federal government *President: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto * Chief Justice: Hamoodur Rahman Governors *Governor of Balochistan: ** until 11 April: Ghous Bakhsh Raisani ** 11 April-19 April: Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo ** 19 April-30 April: Ghous Bakhsh Raisani ** starting 30 April: Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo *Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Hayat Sherpao (until 29 April); Arbab Sikandar Khan (starting 30 April) * Governor of Punjab: Ghulam Mustafa Khar * Governor of Sindh: Mumtaz Bhutto (until 20 April); Mir Rasool Bux Talpur (starting 29 April) Events * Karachi labour unrest of 1972 January * 20 January -President (later Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto publicly announces that Pakistan will immediately begin a nuclear weapons programme. * Pakistan temporarily withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations in protest at the international recognition of Bangladesh as an independent Commonwealth republic (Pakistan returns to the Commonwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classified Information
Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected. Access is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of people with the necessary security clearance and need to know, and mishandling of the material can incur criminal penalties. A formal security clearance is required to view or handle classified material. The clearance process requires a satisfactory background investigation. Documents and other information must be properly marked "by the author" with one of several (hierarchical) levels of sensitivity—e.g. restricted, confidential, secret, and top secret. The choice of level is based on an impact assessment; governments have their own criteria, including how to determine the classification of an information asset and rules on how to protect information classified at each level. This process often includes security clearances for personnel handling the information. Some corporations and non-governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamoodur Rahman Commission
The Hamoodur Rahman Commission (otherwise known as War Enquiry Commission), was a judicial inquiry commission that assessed Pakistan's political–military involvement in East-Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. The commission was set up on 26 December 1971 by the Government of Pakistan and chaired under Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman. Constituted "to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the atrocities and 1971 war", including the "circumstances in which the Commander of the Eastern Military Command, surrendered the Eastern contingent forces under his command laid down their arms." The commission's final report was very lengthy and provided an analysis based on extensive interviews and testimonies. Its primary conclusion was very critical of the role of Pakistan's military interference, the misconduct of politicians as well as the intelligence failures of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), which permitte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cowasjee, Ardeshir
Ardeshir Cowasjee (13 April 1926 – 24 November 2012) ( ur, ) was a Pakistani newspaper columnist, social activist, and philanthropist. Belonging from Karachi, his columns regularly appeared in the country's oldest English language, English newspaper, ''Dawn (newspaper), Dawn''. He was also the Chairman of the Cowasjee Group and was engaged in philanthropic activities in addition to being regarded as an old "guardian" of the city of Karachi. On 3 November 2013, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi launched the Ardeshir Cowasjee Centre for Writing in his honor. Biography Cowasjee was born on 13 April 1926 in Karachi to the Cowasjee Parsi people, Parsi (Zoroastrian) family. His father, Rustom Fakirjee Cowasjee, was a businessman in merchant shipping, and the family spoke Gujarati language, Gujarati at home. Ardeshir attended the B.V.S. Parsi High School, Bai Virbaiji Soparivala (BVS) Parsi High School and graduated from DJ Science College, Karachi. Later, he joi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Pakistan
The Government of Pakistan ( ur, , translit=hakúmat-e pákistán) abbreviated as GoP, is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the Administrative units of Pakistan, four provinces, two autonomous territories, and one federal territory of a Parliamentary democracy, parliamentary democratic Parliamentary republic, republic, constitutionally called the Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Effecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the government is mainly composed of the Executive branch, executive, Legislative branch, legislative, and Judicial branch, judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution of Pakistan, Constitution in the Parliament of Pakistan, Parliament, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime Minister and the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts and amendments of the Parliament, including the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
